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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 387-395.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.03.170

• 矿产勘查与资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

坦桑尼亚盖塔绿岩带成矿地质特征和成矿时代

司建涛1(),白德胜1,肖尊群2,李水平1,祁东1,孙进1   

  1. 1.河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质矿产调查院,河南 郑州 450001
    2.武汉工程大学兴发矿业学院,湖北 武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-12 修回日期:2023-03-08 出版日期:2023-06-30 发布日期:2023-07-20
  • 作者简介:司建涛(1981-),男,河南新郑人,高级工程师,从事非洲固体矿产资源勘查和区域资源潜力评价工作。sijiantao@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央国外矿产资源风险勘查资金项目“坦桑尼亚Mwamola地区Maheiga金矿详查”(201210B01600252)

Geological Characteristics and Mineralization Era of Geita Greenstone Belt in Tanzania

Jiantao SI1(),Desheng BAI1,Zunqun XIAO2,Shuiping LI1,Dong QI1,Jin SUN1   

  1. 1.No. 2 Institute of Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Henan, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
    2.Xingfa School of Mining Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
  • Received:2022-11-12 Revised:2023-03-08 Online:2023-06-30 Published:2023-07-20

摘要:

坦桑尼亚盖塔绿岩带大地构造位置处于坦桑尼亚克拉通的西北部,绿岩带内发育有世界级的大型金矿床——盖塔金矿。通过对盖塔绿岩带的成矿地质特征、典型矿床和成矿时代进行研究,厘定了该绿岩带的成矿时代,总结了其演化历史。研究表明:盖塔绿岩带出露的岩石类型主要为太古宇尼安萨群条带状铁建造、火山碎屑沉积和卡维隆多群砂砾岩,以及同造山期和后造山期花岗岩、煌斑岩和粗面岩等侵入岩体。区内构造发育,多为褶皱和剪切带,构造方向主要为NW-SE、NE-SW和近SN向。区内金矿脉主要产于条带状铁建造与煌斑岩脉的剪切接触带内,及其与煌斑岩平行的石英脉中;地球化学特征显示其矿体为从岩浆分异出的含矿热液流体赋存于构造空间所形成,根据测年资料,初步认为盖塔绿岩带的主要金成矿期为(2 699±9)~(2 617±17)Ma,其带内发育的盖塔金矿床属于典型的太古宇绿岩带造山型金矿床。

关键词: 坦桑尼亚, 绿岩带, 盖塔金矿, 地质特征, 成矿时代

Abstract:

The Geita greenstone belt is located in the northwest of Tanzania craton,and developed a world-class large-scale gold deposit with a 387 t gold resources,namely Geita gold deposit.The main rock type of Geita greenstone belt is banded iron formation(BIF),volcanic clastic sedimentation and kavirondian system conglomerate,both with syn-orogenic granite,lamprophyre and trachyandesite.The structure of folds and shear zones are well developed in the area,and the structure directions are mainly NW-SE,NE-SW and nearly E-W.The gold veins are developed in the contact of BIF and lamprophyre,and found in nearby parallel quartz veins.The characteristics of geochemistry shows that the orebodies were formed from the magmatic hydrothermal,and hosted in the shear zone.Based on the study of geology,typical gold deposits and ore-forming age of the Geita greenstone belt,this paper determines the era of mineralization and summarizes the evolutionary history of Geita greenstone belt.As a preliminary view,the evolutionary history of Geita greenstone belt shows many periods,including volcanic activities,deposit formation,tectonic activities,multi-hydrothermal activities and tectonic reworking.For the tectonic reworking of Geita greenstone belt,determines the main era of mineralization is (2 699±9)~(2 617±17)Ma,and the Geita gold deposit is a typical greenstone belt gold deposit of orogenic belt type of Archean.

Key words: Tanzania, greenstone belt, Geita gold deposit, geological characteristics, mineralization era

中图分类号: 

  • P618.51

图1

坦桑尼亚主要绿岩带金矿床分布图①-马拉—姆索马绿岩带;②-乞力马非扎绿岩带;③-盖塔绿岩带;④-卢马加萨绿岩带;⑤-卡哈马绿岩带;⑥-马巴莱—布洪古基拉绿岩带;⑦-恩泽加绿岩带;⑧-伊兰巴—塞肯克绿岩带;TU-图拉瓦卡金矿床;GT-盖塔金矿床;BU-布利杨胡鲁金矿床;BR-巴克利夫金矿床;NY-尼亚卡夫鲁金矿床;BZ-布兹瓦吉金矿床;GP-高登普莱德金矿床;NM-北马拉金矿床;1.绿岩带;2.金矿;3.城镇;4.研究区"

图2

盖塔绿岩带太古界绿岩带地层柱状图(修改自Borg et al.,1999)"

图3

盖塔绿岩带构造简图1.绿岩;2.花岗岩;3.条带状铁建造;4.剪切带;5.民采点;6.金矿床"

图4

褶皱发育期次示意图"

图5

环维多利亚绿岩带航磁图"

表1

不同区域的K/Rb和K/Ba比值对比"

区域K/Rb比值K/Ba比值
海水3 30019 900
地壳28637
矿化条带状铁建造(盖塔金矿)22125
未矿化条带状铁建造(盖塔金矿)13341

图6

盖塔绿岩带内金矿床矿物共生组合关系"

表2

坦桑尼亚盖塔绿岩带侵入体测年数据统计"

地层岩性测年数据/Ma

测年

方法

测年矿物数据来源样品位置构造期

下尼

安萨群

玄武岩2 821±30;2 819±18

Sm-Nd;

U-Pb

全岩;锆石Manya et al.,2003;Cook et al.,2016库库鲁马;思达—康姆特太古宙
火山碎屑岩2 771±15U-Pb锆石Chamberlain et al.,2007尼亚坎加—盖塔山

上尼

安萨群

硅质岩2 737±11U-Pb锆石Chamberlain et al.,2007思达—康姆特

前造

山期

条带状铁建造2 702±8;2 699±8;2 687±16U-Pb锆石Chamberlain et al.,2007尼亚坎加—盖塔山
凝灰岩2 724±12;2 717±9;2 707±12U-Pb锆石Kwelwa et al.,2018库库鲁马
侵入岩闪长岩2 699±9;2 698±14U-Pb锆石Borg et al.,1999;Chamberlain et al.,2007尼亚坎加—盖塔山

同造

山期

花岗斑岩2 695±18;2 693±19;2 689±11U-Pb锆石Chamberlain et al.,2007尼亚坎加—盖塔山
煌斑岩2 686±13U-Pb锆石Chamberlain et al.,2007尼亚坎加—盖塔山
花岗岩2 680±13;2 671±182 667±19Lu-Hf锆石Sanislav et al.,2014盖塔金矿南部
花岗闪长岩2 660±8;2 651±14;2 667±17U-Pb锆石Chamberlain et al.,2007;Kwelwa et al.,2018;Sanislav et al.,2018a;库库鲁马

后造

山期

富钾花岗岩2 653±35;2 658±14;2 648±16;2 633±19;2 617±17;2 638±16;2 632±12U-Pb锆石Chamberlain et al.,2007;Sanislav et al.,2018a,2018b尼亚坎加—盖塔山;盖塔金矿北部
煌斑岩2 644±3U-Pb锆石Borg et al.,1999尼亚坎加—盖塔山
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