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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 396-407.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.03.134

• 矿产勘查与资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

东天山卡拉塔格地区玉带铜矿床地质特征及成因

陈磊1,2(),段宝福1,吕道1,曾建朋1,张朔1,曾兴富1,黄美俊3()   

  1. 1.东华理工大学地球科学学院,江西 南昌 330013
    2.中南大学有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室,湖南 长沙 410083
    3.江西省地质调查勘查院矿产勘查所,江西 南昌 330038
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-08 修回日期:2023-02-20 出版日期:2023-06-30 发布日期:2023-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 黄美俊 E-mail:chenleicsu@163.com;154070698@qq.com
  • 作者简介:陈磊(1988-),男,湖南郴州人,讲师,从事成矿规律与成矿预测研究工作。chenleicsu@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“东天山卡拉塔格铜矿床成矿条件和矿床成因研究”(41572077);有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室(中南大学)开放基金资助项目“卡拉塔格玉带斑岩铜矿成矿作用研究”(2019YSJS09);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目“东天山卡拉塔格玉带斑岩铜矿成矿机制研究”(GJJ2200760);东华理工大学博士科研启动基金项目“东天山卡拉塔格西二区铁铜矿成矿作用研究”(DHBK2019007)

Geological Characteristics and Genesis of Yudai Copper Deposit in Kalatag District,Eastern Tianshan

Lei CHEN1,2(),Baofu DUAN1,Dao LV1,Jianpeng ZENG1,Shuo ZHANG1,Xingfu ZENG1,Meijun HUANG3()   

  1. 1.School of Earth Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring(Central South University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
    3.Mineral Exploration Institute of Jiangxi Geological Survey and Exploration Institute, Nanchang 330038, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2022-10-08 Revised:2023-02-20 Online:2023-06-30 Published:2023-07-20
  • Contact: Meijun HUANG E-mail:chenleicsu@163.com;154070698@qq.com

摘要:

玉带铜矿床位于东天山大南湖—头苏泉岛弧带北缘的卡拉塔格地区,为近年来发现的中型铜矿床。通过野外地质调查和室内研究,对该矿床地质特征及成因进行探讨,发现矿床含矿地质建造为一套火山岩—火山碎屑岩,成矿地质体为石英闪长玢岩,矿体产于石英闪长玢岩体及其与围岩接触带,受断裂控制,主要呈脉状和透镜状。矿石类型以浸染状和细脉状为主,矿石组构以粒状结构,浸染状和细脉状构造为主,金属矿物主要为黄铜矿和黄铁矿,脉石矿物主要为石英,其次为绿泥石和绢云母。成矿过程可划分为石英—磁铁矿、钾长石—石英—黄铁矿、石英—黄铁矿—黄铜矿—辉钼矿和石英—碳酸盐—石膏4个阶段。矿区普遍发育钾化、硅化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化、绢云母化和碳酸盐化等蚀变,具带状分布特征,水平方向上由石英闪长玢岩中心向外可划分为钾化—硅化带、硅化—绢云母化带、泥化带和绿泥石—绿帘石化—碳酸盐化带;垂向上由石英闪长玢岩中心向外可划分为钾化—硅化带、硅化—绢云母化—黄铁矿化带和绿泥石—绿帘石化—碳酸盐化带。玉带铜矿床的成矿地质条件、矿体特征及围岩蚀变特征均与大南湖—头苏泉岛弧带斑岩型矿床一致,属于斑岩型铜矿床。

关键词: 斑岩型铜矿床, 地质特征, 矿床成因, 玉带铜矿床, 卡拉塔格地区, 东天山

Abstract:

Yudai copper deposit is a newly discovered and medium-sized copper deposit located in the Kalatag district,northern Dananhu-Tousuquan island-arc belt,eastern Tianshan,NW China.Through field geological survey and laboratory research,the geological characteristics and genesis of the deposit were discussed.The ore-bearing geological formation is a set of volcanic-pyroclastic rocks,and the orebody is hosted in the porphyritic quartz diorite and volcanic rocks of the Daliugou Formation.It is controlled by the faults and is mainly vein and lenticular type.The ore types are mainly disseminated and veined and the structures are mainly granular,disseminated and veined.The metal minerals are mainly chalcopyrite and pyrite,and the gangue minerals are mainly quartz,followed by chlorite and sericite.The ore-forming process can be divided into four stages,namely quartz-magnetite stage,K-feldspar-quartz-pyrite stage,quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite-molybdenite stage and quartz-carbonate-gypsum stage.The hydrothermal alteration is characterized by K-feldspar,silica,chlorite,epidote,sericite and carbonate.The alteration is typically zoned from center to outer with K-feldspar-silica zone,silica-sericite zone,argillic zone and chlorite-epidote- carbonate zone,and K-feldspar-silica zone,silica-sericite-pyrite zone and chlorite-epidote-carbonate zone from top to bottom. The metallogenic geological conditions,ore body characteristics and hydrothermal alteration of the Yudai copper deposit are consistent with the porphyry copper deposit in the Dananhu-Tousuquan island-arc belt.Therefore,it is considered that Yudai copper deposit belongs to porphyry copper deposit.

Key words: porphyry copper deposit, geological characteristics, ore genesis, Yudai copper deposit, Kalatag district, eastern Tianshan

中图分类号: 

  • P618.41

图1

中亚及邻区构造简图(a)、新疆北部构造简图(b)和东天山地区地质矿产简图(c)(图a修改自Seng?r et al.,1993;图b修改自Chen et al.,2012;图c修改自毛启贵,2014)1.中新生界地层;2.二叠系陆内火山—沉积岩系;3.石炭系火山—沉积岩系;4.花岗岩类;5.奥陶—泥盆系火山—沉积岩系;6.前寒武纪基底;7.断裂/剪切带"

图2

卡拉塔格区域地质图(修改自Chen et al.,2017)"

图3

玉带铜矿床矿区地质简图1.大南湖组凝灰质砂岩;2.大南湖组灰岩;3.大柳沟组安山岩;4.霏细岩;5.石英闪长玢岩;6.辉长岩;7.断裂;8.铜矿体;9.勘探线剖面;10.钾化—硅化—绢云母化带;11.硅化—黄铁矿化—绢云母化带;12.绿泥石—绿帘石—碳酸盐化带"

图4

玉带铜矿床56号勘探线剖面图及蚀变分带1.凝灰质砂岩;2.安山岩;3.霏细岩;4.石英闪长玢岩;5.闪长玢岩;6.钾化—硅化—绢云母化带;7.绿泥石—绿帘石—绢云母化带;8.硅化—黄铁矿化—绢云母化带;9.构造角砾岩;10.断层;11.铜矿体"

图5

玉带铜矿床矿石手标本及镜下特征(a)浸染状矿石;(b)细脉状矿石;(c)网脉状矿石;(d)自形—半自形粒状黄铁矿(反射光);(e)他形粒状黄铜矿(反射光);(f)黄铁矿交代磁铁矿,黄铜矿交代黄铁矿(反射光);(g)黄铜矿与辉钼矿共生并交代黄铁矿(反射光);(h)黄铁矿碎裂结构(反射光);(i)绿泥石交代黄铁矿(单偏光);(j)半自形粒状磁铁矿(反射光);(k)薄膜状辉钼矿;(l)辉钼矿沿黄铁矿边缘交代(反射光)Py-黄铁矿;Ccp-黄铜矿;Mag-磁铁矿;Mo-辉钼矿;Hem-赤铁矿;Qtz-石英;Pl-斜长石;Ksp-钾长石;Cal-方解石;Chl-绿泥石;Ep-绿帘石"

图6

玉带铜矿探槽蚀变分带特征(a)硅化—绢云母化带与泥化带分带;(b)泥化带与青磐岩化带分带;(c)钾化—硅化—褐铁矿化—孔雀石化带;(d)硅化—孔雀石化—绢云母化带;(e)泥化带;(f)青磐岩化带"

图7

玉带铜矿床成矿阶段和矿物生成顺序"

图8

玉带铜矿床成矿阶段脉型特征及穿插关系(a)磁铁矿脉;(b)石英细脉穿切石英—磁铁矿脉;(c)早期石英—钾长石脉被石英—黄铁矿细脉穿切;(d)钾长石—石英—黄铁矿脉被石英—黄铁矿脉穿切;(e)石英—黄铁矿脉;(f)石英—黄铁矿脉被石英细脉穿切;(g)石英—辉钼矿脉;(h)碳酸盐脉穿切石英—黄铁矿脉;(i)石膏脉Py-黄铁矿;Mag-磁铁矿;Mo-辉钼矿;Gp-石膏;Qtz-石英;Ksp-钾长石;Cal-方解石"

表1

大南湖—头苏泉岛弧带典型斑岩型矿床地质特征对比"

矿床名称构造位置成矿时代赋矿围岩控矿构造成矿岩体矿体特征
土屋—延东大南湖—头苏泉岛弧带南缘石炭纪下石炭统中基性火山岩EW向区域性断裂和韧性剪切带斜长花岗斑岩厚板状、似层状,总体产状为180°∠43°~80°
灵龙—赤湖大南湖—头苏泉岛弧带南缘石炭纪下石炭统中基性火山岩EW向区域性断裂和韧性剪切带斜长花岗斑岩脉状、似层状
玉海大南湖—头苏泉岛弧带东缘志留纪无(矿区出露的新生代盖层与成矿作用无关)EW向区域性断裂和韧性剪切带花岗闪长岩似层状、透镜状,产状为166°∠10°
三岔口大南湖—头苏泉岛弧带东缘志留纪下石炭统粉砂岩、页岩、凝灰岩和砂岩等EW向区域性断裂和韧性剪切带花岗闪长斑岩脉状、透镜状,走向NE-SW
玉带大南湖—头苏泉岛弧带北缘志留纪中奥陶统中基性火山岩NNW和NE向断裂石英闪长玢岩脉状、透镜状,总体产状为210°∠55°~70°
矿床名称矿石结构构造金属矿物脉石矿物围岩蚀变矿床规模、品位资料来源
土屋—延东中细粒半自形—他形结构,浸染状、脉状构造黄铜矿、黄铁矿、斑铜矿、辉铜矿、辉钼矿石英、绢云母、绿泥石、高岭石、钾长石、方解石硅化、绢云母化、黑云母化、泥化、青磐岩化、碳酸盐化大型,铜品位为0.35%~0.86%Mao et al.,2022
灵龙—赤湖粒状结构,细脉状、浸染状构造黄铁矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿、辉铜矿、辉钼矿石英、绢云母、绿泥石、绿帘石、方解石硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化、碳酸盐化小型,铜品位为0.10%~1.00%刘仲存等,2020
玉海他形粒状结构,细脉浸染状构造黄铜矿、黄铁矿、辉铜矿、辉钼矿石英、绢云母、绿泥石、绿帘石、方解石硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化中型,铜品位为0.20%~2.18%张照伟等,2016
三岔口粒状结构,脉状、浸染状构造黄铜矿、辉钼矿、辉铜矿、黄铁矿石英、绢云母、绿泥石、绿帘石、方解石硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化中型,铜品位为0.35%~2.34%王超等,2015
玉带粒状结构,浸染状、细脉状构造黄铁矿、黄铜矿、辉钼矿、斑铜矿石英、绢云母、绿泥石、绿帘石、方解石钾化、硅化、绢云母化、泥化、青磐岩化、碳酸盐化中型,铜品位为0.08%~1.02%Chen et al.,2017
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