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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 313-322.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.02.158

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

三维激光扫描在隧洞围岩结构信息获取中的应用研究

张浩1,2(),卿黎1(),邱士利2,寇永渊3,郭赟林3,夏胜衍3   

  1. 1.昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南 昆明 650093
    2.中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,湖北 武汉 430064
    3.金川集团股份有限公司二矿区,甘肃 金昌 737102
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-29 修回日期:2023-01-06 出版日期:2023-04-30 发布日期:2023-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 卿黎 E-mail:1948865190@qq.com;qingli_km@sohu.com
  • 作者简介:张浩(1996-),男,安徽合肥人,硕士研究生,从事岩石力学相关研究工作。1948865190@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“深埋硬岩优势结构与卸荷破裂协同时变机制研究”(41877256)

Application of Three-dimensional Laser Scanning in Extracting Rock Mass Structure Information of Tunnel

Hao ZHANG1,2(),Li QING1(),Shili QIU2,Yongyuan KOU3,Yunlin GUO3,Shengyan XIA3   

  1. 1.Faculty of Land and Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan, China
    2.Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
    3.No. 2 Mining Area, Jinchuan Group Co. , Ltd. , Jinchang 737102, Gansu, China
  • Received:2022-10-29 Revised:2023-01-06 Online:2023-04-30 Published:2023-04-27
  • Contact: Li QING E-mail:1948865190@qq.com;qingli_km@sohu.com

摘要:

针对接触式测量方法无法满足深部高陡岩体结构信息采集的要求,以金川二矿+650 m水平卸载站硐室掌子面为研究对象,采用三维激光扫描仪获取其表面点云数据集,并对点云数据进行处理提取岩体结构信息参数,并利用校核算法与地质测量结果验证数据的可靠性。结果表明:(1)通过对高精度获取的扫描数据进行快速处理,在控制点已知和未知的情况下,均可获取结构面的产状信息,降低了人员获取结构面信息的危险性;(2)利用最小二乘法计算产状、近似平行结构面组间距算法计算间距,以及将实测结构面产状与提取出来的结构面信息做差比较,可知倾向和倾角误差均在±6°范围以内,间距误差在±0.03 m以内,验证了提取数据的可靠性;(3)在金川二矿+650 m卸载站硐室掌子面结构面产状等信息的提取中应用了本文方法,有效识别了结构面产状信息。该项研究工作不仅避免了危险性,而且提高了精度与效率。

关键词: 岩体掌子面, 三维激光扫描技术, 结构面几何参数, 深部隧道, 控制点, 非接触式测量

Abstract:

In view of the difficulties in collecting structural information of deep high-steep rock mass,the cumbersome data acquisition and the operation of personnel in high-risk environment,the contact measurement method has been unable to meet the requirements of collecting structural information of rock mass.Therefore, the chamber face of +650 m level unloading station of Jinchuan No.2 mine was taken as the research object,the 3D laser scanner was used to obtain its surface point cloud data set,and the point cloud data was denoised and spliced.After processing,the information parameters of rock mass structure were extracted,and the reliability of the data was verified by checking algorithm and geological survey results.The results show that:(1)Through rapid processing of high-precision scanning data,the occurrence information of structural plane can be obtained when the control point is known and the control point is unknown,which reduces the risk of personnel acquiring structural plane information.(2)The least square algorithm was used to calculate the attitude,the approximate parallel structural plane group spacing algorithm was used to calculate the spacing,and the measured structural plane attitude was compared with the extracted structural plane information.It is known that the inclination and inclination errors are within ±6°,and the spacing errors are within ±0.03 m,which verifies the reliability of the extracted data.(3)The method proposed in this paper was applied to the extraction of the occurrence of the structural plane of the chamber face of the +650 m level unloading station in Jinchuan No.2 mine,and the occurrence information of the structural plane is effectively recognized.This research work not only avoids the danger,but also improves the accuracy and efficiency.

Key words: face of rock mass, three-dimensional laser scanning technology, geometric parameters of structural plane, deep tunnel, control points, non-contact measurement

中图分类号: 

  • P585.2

图1

结构面倾向倾角示意图(a)和近似平行结构面示意图(b)"

图2

深部巷道三维表面模型构建与结构面提取技术"

图3

650 m水平溜井硐室的结构面主要发育条件"

图4

三维激光扫描仪"

图5

隧洞结构面地质测量"

图6

扫描得到的+650 m水平巷道整体图"

图7

650 m水平溜井硐室掌子面及其点云三角剖分图"

图8

650 m水平溜井硐室掌子面还原图与相应现场图"

图9

结构面识别"

图10

650 m水平卸载站硐室掌子面赤平投影图"

表1

+650 m水平卸载站硐室工程区混合岩地层发育的优势结构面组汇总"

岩组名称主要岩性

中段

水平/m

岩体结构类型间距提取/m优势结构组产状(倾向∠倾角)
第1组第2组第3组
混合岩带花岗岩、角闪岩、大理岩+650层状、层状—碎裂0.61222°∠61°184°∠47°153°∠60°

图11

650 m水平卸载站硐室掌子面结构面识别"

表2

+650 m水平卸载站硐室工程区混合岩地层发育的优势结构面组地质测量与利用校核算法计算产状和间距汇总"

岩组名称主要岩性岩体结构类型间距测量/m优势结构组产状(倾向∠倾角)近似平行结构面组间距/m利用最小二乘法计算产状(倾向∠倾角)
第1组第2组第3组第1组第2组第3组
混合岩带花岗岩、角闪岩、大理岩层状、层状—碎裂0.58220°∠67°180°∠45°158°∠66°0.62217°∠67°182°∠44°151°∠65°

表3

+650 m水平卸载站硐室工程区混合岩地层发育的优势结构面组提取与地测结果差值及利用校核算法计算产状差值比较"

岩组名称主要岩性岩体结构类型提取间距与地测间距差值/m优势结构面组提取与地测结果差值提取间距与校核算法间距差值/m优势结构面组提取与利用校核算法计算产状差值
第1组第2组第1组第1组第2组第3组
混合岩带花岗岩、角闪岩、大理岩

层状、层

状—碎裂

0.03倾向之差2°,倾角之差6°倾向之差4°,倾角之差2°倾向之差5°,倾角之差6°0.01倾向之差5°,倾角之差6°倾向之差2°,倾角之差3°倾向之差2°,倾角之差5°
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