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黄金科学技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 50-63.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.01.191

• 矿产勘查与资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘南地区加甘滩金矿床主矿体特征及其与区域典型矿床对比分析

陈耀宇(),姚兴华,田向盛,冯兰君   

  1. 甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局第三地质矿产勘查院,甘肃 兰州 730050
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-08 修回日期:2022-05-16 出版日期:2023-02-28 发布日期:2023-03-27
  • 作者简介:陈耀宇(1964-),男,甘肃定西人,正高级工程师,从事矿产勘查及技术管理工作。2060304077@qq.com

Characteristics of Main Orebody of Jiagantan Gold Deposit and Comparative Analysis with Regional Typical Gold Deposit in Gannan Area

Yaoyu CHEN(),Xinghua YAO,Xiangsheng TIAN,Lanjun FENG   

  1. The Third Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration,Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development,Lanzhou 730050,Gansu,China
  • Received:2021-12-08 Revised:2022-05-16 Online:2023-02-28 Published:2023-03-27

摘要:

甘南地区是甘肃省重要的金矿集中分布区,经过30多年的地质勘查,分别形成了以早子沟、加甘滩、以地南等金矿床为代表的夏河—合作金矿富集区和以大水、辛曲等金矿床为代表的忠曲—大水金矿富集区。采用典型矿床解剖和金矿富集区区域类比的方法,通过系统总结加甘滩特大型金矿床主矿体特征,并对比分析2个金矿富集区勘查程度达到详查或勘探的5个大中型典型金矿床主矿体特征及其控矿因素,以期为甘南地区大中型金矿床地质研究提供范例。加甘滩金矿床主矿体规模以中型为主,金平均品位为2.20×10-6~3.77×10-6,查明金资源量占矿区总资源量的57.27%;对比可知,5个金矿床的矿带规模大,其长度大于1 000 m,控制斜深大于400 m,主矿体数量占矿区全部矿体数量的1.98%~7.14%,除加甘滩金矿之外,其余矿床查明金资源量占矿区总资源量的75%~79%,单个主矿体资源量大于1.5 t,且特大型、大型和中型金矿床分别圈出大型、中型和小型资源量规模的主矿体;夏河—合作矿集区主矿体规模为大中型,金平均品位小于3.5×10-6,忠曲—大水矿集区主矿体规模为中型,金平均品位大于5×10-6,即后者矿体规模相对较小但品位较富。研究表明:2个金矿富集区主矿体的控矿因素主要为断裂和中酸性岩脉。研究认为加甘滩金矿仍具有很大的勘查空间和找矿前景,若加大矿区近外围及深部探矿力度,有望大幅提升矿区金资源量。

关键词: 金矿富集区, 控矿因素, 主矿体特征, 典型矿床, 深部找矿, 加甘滩金矿, 甘南地区

Abstract:

Gannan area is an important gold concentration distribution area in Gansu Province.Through more than 30 years of gold prospecting and large-scale exploration since the 1990s,three super-large gold deposits with gold resources of 100 t have been investigated or explored in detail,including Dashui gold deposit in Maqu County,Zaozigou gold deposit in Hezuo City and Jiagantan gold deposit in Xiahe County.Among them,Jiagantan gold deposit has identified 153 t of gold resources.The gold deposits in Gannan area have the cha-racteristics of agglomeration distribution,forming two basically mature gold enrichment areas,namely Xiahe-Hezuo gold enrichment area in the northwest of Gannan area,and Zhongqu-Dashui gold enrichment area in the southwest of Gannan area.The exploration and research degree of Jiagantan gold deposit,Zaozigou gold deposit and Dashui gold deposit in Gannan area are relatively high.In the past,comparative analysis on characteristics of main orebodies of different degrees have been carried out,which provided a good basis for the study of main orebodies of Jiagantan gold deposit and its gold enrichment area.Based on the brief introduction of the distribution characteristics of gold deposits in two gold enrichment areas and the geological characteristics of Jiagantan gold deposit in Gannan area,the characteristics of main orebody of Jiagantan gold deposit were systematically summarized from the aspects of the spatial distribution,scale,shape,grade and resource distribution of the main orebody.Jiagantan gold belt is more than 1 500 m in length and 300~500 m in width.The 17 main ore bodies are roughly parallel distributed in echelon shape,530~1 480 m in length and 200~350 m in control slope depth.The scale of the main orebody is mainly medium-sized,and the resources of single main orebody are 1.8~12.7 t,and the scale of resources are mainly small,accounting for 2.04%~14.42% of the identified resources in the mining area.It provides an example for the study of the main orebodies of the super-large gold deposits.The main ore-controlling factors and main orebody characteristics of five large and medium-sized typical gold deposits in the two gold enrichment areas were compared and analyzed from four aspects of ore-bearing strata,ore-controlling faults,the relationship between intermediate-acidic dikes and gold mineralization,and surrounding rock alteration.It is considered that the main ore-controlling factors are fault structure and intermediate-acid dikes dominated by quartz diorite (porphyrite) dike and granodiorite (por-phyrite) dike.Through the comparative study of the main orebodies characteristics of five typical gold deposits,it is considered that compared with the other four gold deposits in the two enrichment areas,the main orebody of Jiagantan gold deposit is larger,but the average grade is 2.70×10-6,the proportion of 57.27% of the main orebody is lower than that of 75.34%~79.37% of other deposits.The above understanding further deepens the study of main orebody characteristics of Jiagantan gold deposit and its regional typical gold deposits,and provides an example for the comparative study of the characteristics of the main orebody in gold enrichment areas.The exploration depth of Jiagantan gold deposit is generally shallow and the exploration degree is generally low,the main orebody resource proportion is not more than 75% of the average of Gannan area.The single main orebody resources have not been a large scale orebody,the ore belt and the main orebody group has not yet been fully controlled,and the main orebody of deep stability to extension.It edicates that Jiagantan gold deposit still has great exploration space and prospecting prospect.If the near peripheral and deep prospecting is increased,the scale of the deposit and the amount of gold resources in the mining area will be greatly increased.

Key words: gold enrichment area, ore-controlling factors, characteristics of main orebody, typical deposits, deep prospecting, Jiagantan gold deposit, Gannan area

中图分类号: 

  • P618.51

图1

甘南地区大中型金矿床区域分布简图(修改自陈耀宇,2020)1.第四系;2.新近系甘肃群;3.古近系;4.白垩系;5.侏罗系;6.三叠系;7.二叠系;8.石炭—二叠系9.石炭系;10.泥盆系;11.志留—泥盆系;12.奥陶系;13.侏罗纪花岗闪长岩;14.三叠纪石英闪长岩;15.三叠纪花岗闪长岩;16.整合岩层界线;17.角度不整合界线;18.断层;19.省界;20.特大型金矿床;21.大型金矿床;22.中型金矿床"

图2

夏河县加甘滩金矿区地质简图1.第四系;2.三叠系隆务河群砂岩夹板岩段;3.三叠系隆务河群绿泥绿帘石化砂岩夹粉砂岩段;4.三叠系隆务河群砂岩夹粉砂岩段;5.三叠系隆务河群砂岩段;6.花岗闪长岩脉;7.金矿体及编号;8.地质界线;9.断层及编号;10.岩层产状"

图3

加甘滩金矿联合中段厚大矿体分布示意图"

图4

加甘滩金矿7~36勘探线矿体分布联合剖面示意图"

表1

加甘滩金矿主矿体特征"

矿体编号延长/m控制最大延深/m平均厚度/m平均品位/(×10-6厚度变化系数/%品位变化系数/%金资源量/t资源量占比/%
Au4-26201555.113.17130.0749.693.33.75
Au6-35602035.512.59156.99112.901.82.04
Au12-16201833.793.28119.5355.012.52.84
Au14-25401404.142.4793.2047.252.02.27
Au15-16101814.162.7987.4842.322.02.27
Au16-36803506.542.94205.2456.848.59.65
Au18-36202204.872.0697.3754.353.64.09
Au24-55402004.382.53101.6445.833.03.41
Au26-47402154.302.44121.8941.023.33.75
Au29-28602075.022.50100.7037.984.34.88
Au31-57102945.612.94104.0544.916.87.72
Au331 4802875.982.7797.5649.2412.714.42
Au38-86202266.842.1096.3635.364.34.88
Au40-25902183.542.8366.8638.482.73.06
Au42-46802907.512.89120.6445.0110.612.03
Au45-366023813.002.7091.8938.0711.513.05
Au51-557014110.032.9497.4632.385.25.90
合计88.157.27
平均值6882205.902.70111.1148.633.33.75

图5

加甘滩金矿Au33单工程矿体厚度(a)和平均品位(b)等值线图"

图6

加甘滩金矿Au42-4矿体单工程矿体厚度(a)和平均品位(b)等值线图"

图7

加甘滩金矿Au33(a)、Au42-4(b)矿体线金属量等值线图"

表2

加甘滩金矿各勘查线厚大矿体及主矿体统计"

勘查线编号分布厚大矿体的工程数量/个厚大矿体在勘查线上分布的数量/个

分布主矿体数

/个

勘查线编号分布厚大矿体的工程数量/个厚大矿体在勘查线上分布的数量/个

分布主矿体数

/个

115541413105
766216875
53321814106
396320765
02212422642
144224431
474326541
622228871
832232642
1044236432
12984平均值375

图8

加甘滩金矿厚大矿体和主矿体在各勘查线及探矿工程中分布曲线"

表3

夏河—合作、忠曲—大水金矿富集区典型金矿床控矿因素对比"

控矿因素夏河—合作金矿富集区忠曲—大水金矿富集区
加甘滩金矿早子沟金矿以地南金矿大水金矿辛曲金矿
大地构造背景秦岭构造带西段桑科南—格里那断裂带秦岭造山带西段夏河—合作断裂带秦岭造山带西段力士山—新堡复背斜之日加—上郎岗向斜南西翼秦岭造山带西段南亚带、西倾山隆起带南缘、大水弧形构造西翼大水弧形构造西翼中段、忠曲背斜南翼

赋矿地层及

主要岩性

下三叠统隆务河组碎屑岩建造;长石石英变砂岩、粉砂质板岩中三叠统古浪堤组下段细碎屑岩建造;硅质板岩、泥质板岩及粉砂质板岩下二叠统大关山群上部岩组细碎屑岩建造;含炭板岩、泥质板岩

中三叠统马热松多组碳酸盐岩建造;微晶(细晶)

灰岩

下二叠统大关山组海相—海陆交互相碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩建造;微晶灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩
控(容)矿断裂NW向赋矿断裂带长度约为2 000 m、宽度约为500 m,控制矿带及雁行状密集分布的矿体群以NE向张扭性断裂组为主,断裂带长度为1 160 m、宽度为540~580 m,断层长度为1 000~2 200 m、宽度为2~20 m近SN向断裂组赋矿,断裂带长度约为1 000 m、宽度约为300 m,断层长度为数百米至1 000 m、宽度为1~15 mNWW向环状和近SN向放射状断裂组,NWW向断裂带长度约为2 000 m、宽度约为300 m,主矿体赋矿断裂宽度可达100~150 mNNE向控矿破碎带,长度约为230 m、宽度为20~80 m
岩浆岩岩脉不发育,在矿带南部见花岗闪长岩脉(黑云母)石英闪长玢岩脉(枝)非常发育,此类中性脉岩与碎屑岩的接触破碎带一并赋矿矿区中部大面积分布石英闪长岩体,岩体中侵入有闪长玢岩脉和石英—方解石脉且局部具金矿化花岗闪长(斑)岩脉与灰岩破碎带一并矿化,晚期闪长玢岩脉无矿化断裂带内发育方解石大脉、见较富金矿化的闪长岩脉
资料来源田向盛等(2016b,2016c)陈耀宇等(2012);代文军等(2012a);金鼎国等(2015);陈耀宇等(2016)陈明辉等(2016,2017)王平安等(1998);殷先明(2009);李文军等(2010);代文军(2012b);陈耀宇等(2016);李鸿睿等(2019)郭林业等(2010);陈耀宇等(2019)

表4

夏河—合作、忠曲—大水金矿富集区典型矿床主矿体特征对比"

主矿体特征夏河—合作金矿富集区忠曲—大水金矿富集区
加甘滩金矿早子沟金矿以地南金矿大水金矿辛曲金矿
矿床规模特大型特大型大型特大型中型
勘查程度详查,首采地段达勘探详查,北东向主采地段达勘探勘探详查,探采集中地段达勘探详查
勘查类型Ⅱ(中等)Ⅱ—Ⅲ(中等—复杂)Ⅲ(复杂)
基本工程间距80 m×80 m80 m×80 m80 m×80 m40~80 m×40~80 m40 m×40 m
矿带规模NW向矿带长度1 400 m,宽度300~500 m,斜深200~350 mNE向主矿带长度800~1 300 m,宽度540~580 m,斜深400~1 000 m矿带长度1 600 m,最大垂深1 200 m矿带长度2 500 m、宽度 600 m,斜深大于400 m矿带长度约250 m、斜深260 m
矿体数量333个252个32个253个8个
主矿体数量17个18个2个5个2个
主矿体数量占矿区矿体数5.11%7.14%6.25%1.98%25.0%
代表性主矿体Au33、Au45-3、Au31-5、Au42-4、Au16-3Au1、Au9、Au46、Au45、M6、M4-1、Au30Au4-1、Au3-1Au2、Au7、Au20-1、Au20-2、Au111Au7、Au8
主矿体规模长度为530~1 480 m,斜深200~350 m,属于中—大型,厚度大、品位较低长度为430~1 240 m,斜深358~1 228 m,属于中—大型,厚度和品位中等长度约为1 600 m,斜深470~1 200 m,属于大型,厚度和品位中等长度为280~322 m,斜深270~506 m,属于中型,厚度大且品位富长度为155~224 m,斜深250~260 m,属于中型,厚度大且品位富
矿体形态脉状、不规则脉状脉状、断续脉状不规则脉状不规则脉状、枝杈状、透镜状等透镜状、条带状
矿体产状走向NW,倾向220°~245°,倾角38°~45°NE向主矿带矿体整体倾向SE,上部倾向NW, 倾角为80°~85°

走向5°~10°,倾向E,倾角为85°~90°或

76°~81°

西段的Au2、Au7、Au111走向NW,东段的Au20-1、Au20-

2走向近SN,倾角为45°~90°

走向30°~40°,倾向305°或205°,倾角

约为57°

主矿体平均金品位2.70×10-63.42×10-63.29×10-6~3.37×10-69.93×10-65.28×10-6~7.51×10-6
矿床平均金品位2.84×10-63.16×10-63.33×10-68.77×10-66.89×10-6
主矿体资源量占矿区查明资源量57.27%79.36%75.34%75.36%79.37%

单个主矿体资

源量

2.0~11.2 t(Au33)1.6~30.6 t(Au1),一般为1.6~9.0 t5.5~14.9 t(Au4-1)7.7~23.9 t(Au2)2.0~2.6 t(Au7)

主矿体资源量

规模

5个中型1个大型、6个中型2个大型1个大型、4个中型2个小型
单个主矿体资源量在矿区占比

1.50%~8.28%,

平均为6.52%

1.09%~21.39%,

平均为9.92%

20.39%~54.95%,

平均为37.67%

8.46%~26.23%,

平均为15.12%

34.79%~44.58%,

平均为39.69%

资料来源田向盛等(2016b)陈耀宇等(2017);刘春先等(2018);麻红顺等(2015,2018)陈明辉等(2016,2017)陈耀宇等(2016);刘春先等(2016);梁硕鹏等(2021)

史振坤等(2012);

陈耀宇等(2019)

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