湘东北万古金矿床不同期次黄铁矿微量元素特征及其对金成矿机制的启示

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.05.188

黄金科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 676-690.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.05.188

湘东北万古金矿床不同期次黄铁矿微量元素特征及其对金成矿机制的启示

万泰安^1,²(),许德如^1,^2,³(),马文^1,²,张胜伟^1,²,王国建^1,²,卞玉冰^1,²,李博^1,²

^1.东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室，江西南昌 330013
^2.东华理工大学地球科学学院，江西南昌 330013
^3.东华理工大学江西省放射性地学大数据技术工程实验室，江西南昌 330013

收稿日期:2021-11-30 修回日期:2022-01-20 出版日期:2022-10-31 发布日期:2022-12-10
通讯作者: 许德如 E-mail:wantaian@foxmail.com;xuderu@gig.ac.cn
作者简介:万泰安（1992-），男，江西泰和人，硕士研究生，从事金矿勘查研究工作。wantaian@foxmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“江南造山带万古金矿床成矿流体活动的精细研究”(42002090);“江南古陆金（多金属）大规模成矿的机理研究”(41930428)

Trace Element Characteristics of Different Chronology Pyrite in Wangu Gold Deposit，Northeast Hunan and Its Implication to Gold Mineralization Mechanism

Tai’an WAN^1,²(),Deru XU^1,^2,³(),Wen MA^1,²,Shengwei ZHANG^1,²,Guojian WANG^1,²,Yubing BIAN^1,²,Bo LI^1,²

^1.State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
^2.School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China
^3.Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory on Radioactive Geoscience and Big Data Technology, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China

Received:2021-11-30 Revised:2022-01-20 Online:2022-10-31 Published:2022-12-10
Contact: Deru XU E-mail:wantaian@foxmail.com;xuderu@gig.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

万古金矿是江南造山带中金（多金属）成矿带的代表性矿床，目前对该矿床硫化物中的元素特征和金的富集机制研究相对较少。为了进一步探讨万古金矿中硫化物的微量元素特征，依据黄铁矿晶型及其他共生矿物特征，将其中的黄铁矿划分为3期（Py1、Py2和Py3），并对3期黄铁矿分别进行LA-ICP-MS分析。研究表明：Py1平行于地层层理，为不含金的原生黄铁矿；Py2与菱铁矿共生，是富CO₂流体与围岩发生水岩反应所致，且对Py1具有继承性；Py3与烟灰色石英和毒砂共生，金含量较高。Py2表面孔隙发育，表明该期黄铁矿通过溶解—沉淀形成Py3。富金的Py3存在Au-As耦合现象，Au浓度明显低于金饱和曲线，推测Au以Au¹⁺的形式赋于黄铁矿的晶格中。结合以往研究，推断硫化作用是万古金矿主要的金沉淀机制，富含Py2与菱铁矿的围岩是金沉淀理想的化学圈闭。

关键词: 黄铁矿, 江南造山带, 万古金矿, Au-As耦合, LA-ICP-MS, Mapping

Abstract:

The Wangu gold deposit is one of the most important parts of the gold （polymetallic） metallogenic belt in the Jiangnan orogenic belt，in which the mineral element composition characteristics of sulfide has relatively few research on the enrichment mechanism of Au.For further exploration of the element composition characteristics of sulfide in Wangu gold deposit，85 representative samples were selected and made into thin sections.The ore mineral pyrite and arsenipyrite in the deposit was taken as the research object，and the basic characteristics of mineral assemblage and mineral structure were observed under the microscope.According to the characteristics of pyrite crystal form and other symbiotic minerals，the pyrite in Wangu gold mine is divided into three stages：Py1，Py2 and Py3.Laser ablation plasma mass spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） and mapping was used to analyze the trace element composition in these three stages.There are obvious differences in Au con-centrations in Py1，Py2 and Py3 of pyrite in Wangu gold deposit.Au elements mainly exists in Py3 in the metallogenic stage，while Au concentration in Py2 is low.At the same time，As elements in Py3 also appear in the position corresponding to the enrichment of Au elements.There is a coupling relationship between Au and As in pyrite of Wangu gold deposit.Therefore，speculation is made that Au mainly migrates in the form of Au-HS in the fluid and is mainly assigned to the lattice of pyrite in the form of Au¹⁺.In this process，As is likely to replace S with As^1- and form Fe（As，S）₂ solid solution between pyrite and arsenopyrite，which is arsenic containing pyrite.Combined with the previous study，the result is that Py1 does not contain gold and is primary pyrite，and Py2 exists symbiotically with siderite.It is considered that siderite was formed before mineralization and was caused by water-rock reaction between Caledonian CO₂ rich fluid and surrounding rock.Therefore，Py2 has a certain inheritance to Py1.As the main gold mineralizeation stage of Caledonian period，Py3 exists with smoky gray quartz and arsenipyrite，and has a high percentage of sulfide in gold.The growth of pores on the surface of Py2 is the typical dissolution reprecipitation feature，indicating that pyrite in this period was dissolved by later fluid and reprecipitation into Py3.In this process，the Yanshanian gold bearing fluid reacts with early Py2，which destroys the stability of Au-HS complex in the fluid and forms gold bearing Py3 through pyrite dissolution and reprecipitation.Combined with previous studies，it is considered that sulfidation is the main gold precipitation mechanism of Wangu gold deposit，and early Py2 and siderite can also provide ideal chemical traps for gold precipitation.

Key words: pyrite, Jiangnan orogenic belt, Wangu gold deposit, Au-As coupling, LA-ICP-MS, Mapping

中图分类号:

P618.51

万泰安,许德如,马文,张胜伟,王国建,卞玉冰,李博. 湘东北万古金矿床不同期次黄铁矿微量元素特征及其对金成矿机制的启示[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2022, 30(5): 676-690.

Tai’an WAN,Deru XU,Wen MA,Shengwei ZHANG,Guojian WANG,Yubing BIAN,Bo LI. Trace Element Characteristics of Different Chronology Pyrite in Wangu Gold Deposit，Northeast Hunan and Its Implication to Gold Mineralization Mechanism[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2022, 30(5): 676-690.

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形成时期	测点号	Au	As	Se	Mn	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	Mo	Ag	Sb	Te	Pb	Bi	Co/Ni
Py1	20ZK6S01-4J-1	0.10	1 244	24.78	152.9	530	374	41.8	4	-	0.58	139.1	3.41	697	2.75	1.42
	20ZK6S01-4J-2	0.20	752	31.88	34.5	188	295	90.6	4	-	1.01	277.4	2.11	1 309	2.25	0.64
	20ZK6S01-4J-3	0.14	1 045	31.92	86.9	784	404	57.1	3	-	0.66	183.5	3.25	957	3.21	1.94
	20ZK6S01-4J-4	0.11	858	24.15	778.7	154	386	48.4	4	-	0.73	159.7	2.73	862	4.78	0.40
	20ZK6S01-4T-1	0.22	253	4.78	234.7	130	14	94.7	19	-	1.58	378.2	-	1 735	1.63	9.36
Py2	20ZK6S01-4J-5	0.18	590	18.36	71.4	559	890	68.9	2	-	1.32	187.3	2.90	951	10.64	0.63
	20ZK6S01-4J-6	0.34	817	26.67	20.5	350	375	115.5	6	-	1.83	388.3	3.91	1 370	3.68	0.93
	20ZK6S01-4J-7	0.26	3 743	18.63	42.3	578	1 858	95.4	10	0.25	1.82	355.0	4.20	1 112	4.84	0.31
	20ZK6S01-4J-8	0.24	1 312	27.83	46.9	498	248	67.8	12	-	1.05	198.0	3.15	879	6.34	2.01
	20ZK6S01-4J-9	1.02	2 720	51.36	529.3	566	818	174.3	32	2.28	5.07	393.8	7.49	1 205	13.39	0.69
	20ZK6S01-4J-10	1.18	5 782	49.73	25.8	726	1 618	365.4	9	7.46	6.52	361.9	14.61	1 051	17.12	0.45
	20ZK6S01-4T-8	0.34	1 038	14.94	42.3	347	743	113.3	10	0.41	1.88	335.8	4.46	1 066	7.13	0.47
	20ZK6S01-4T-9	0.61	3 015	26.90	35.9	4 120	991	174.0	11	-	1.55	493.0	7.52	1 173	10.18	4.16
Py3	20HJW-2J-1	12.03	38 258	5.00	1.3	78	508	63.3	4	-	0.08	21.2	2.52	632	1.40	0.15
	20HJW-2J-2	18.08	31 836	10.28	1.0	57	227	68.1	3	0.53	0.09	51.3	6.33	529	5.55	0.25
	20HJW-2J-3	30.90	41 672	5.81	-	26	176	102.3	7	-	0.06	47.5	6.88	209	4.26	0.15
	20HJW-2J-4	11.79	31 137	7.97	0.8	62	255	55.1	3	-	0.05	25.6	4.19	77	3.17	0.24
	20HJW-2J-5	63.90	42 007	9.84	1.5	91	615	67.8	2	-	0.07	23.3	6.11	79	2.61	0.15
	20HJW-2J-6	13.81	24 988	11.73	1.3	279	280	55.5	2	0.15	0.04	23.3	2.38	118	2.80	0.99
	20HJW-2J-7	4.67	7 981	20.47	7.8	142	241	48.0	3 053	0.20	1.34	46.2	7.88	3 031	10.17	0.59
	20HJW-2J-8	58.57	49 630	9.14	-	27	145	52.5	2	-	-	13.6	2.66	44	1.27	0.19
	20HJW-2J-9	11.53	24 857	11.25	0.7	48	209	43.3	2	-	-	19.6	1.98	694	2.17	0.23
	20HJW-2J-10	1.81	2 545	14.64	4.5	459	173	78.1	6	-	0.27	162.9	4.74	552	13.83	2.65
检出限		0.03	2.07	3.33	0.4	0.65	0.37	0.35	0.5	0.1	0.01	0.24	0.45	0.002	0.02

测点号	S	Mn	Fe	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Se	Mo	Ag	Cd	In	Sn	Sb	Te	Au	Tl	Pb	Bi	Co/Ni
G-1-3	342 782	1.20	342 016.81	65.51	207.24	3.27	-	771 414	28.41	0.164	0.27	0.84	0.566	0.38	472	6.35	8.42	0.013	21.56	5.33	0.316
G-1-6	311 201	1.49	342 016.84	36.17	110.50	6.00	-	767 418	36.36	0.253	0.34	0.58	0.518	0.52	123	2.82	74.99	0.019	1.63	0.33	0.327
G-1-7	232 453	1.41	342 016.81	1.43	27.96	3.85	-	791 261	33.15	0.253	0.30	0.48	0.488	0.40	3 010	3.99	8.42	0.019	12.94	8.02	0.051
G-1-9	370 857	1.59	342 016.84	3.10	35.22	11.30	-	815 334	49.33	0.209	0.64	0.41	0.485	0.48	466	3.76	27.83	0.039	19.77	5.81	0.088
G-1-10	317 107	1.55	342 016.88	2.62	23.52	6.64	-	776 218	34.84	0.260	0.35	0.56	0.572	1.56	579	2.78	13.45	0.014	19.74	4.33	0.111
G-1-13	343 646	6.26	342 016.88	28.79	32.16	11.00	-	738 722	68.08	0.720	0.36	0.47	0.507	0.49	207	2.81	96.84	0.033	25.76	4.68	0.895
G-1-14	397 823	1.54	342 016.84	1.54	23.17	4.22	-	806 938	45.73	0.250	0.39	0.51	0.662	0.46	114	3.03	47.49	0.030	11.92	2.03	0.066
G-1-15	289 735	2.03	342 016.84	93.37	178.65	4.57	-	699 271	35.46	0.215	0.35	0.47	0.570	0.52	152	3.80	88.38	0.018	7.32	2.09	0.523
G-4-6	338 040	2.44	342 016.84	434.85	687.52	6.30	-	727 245	47.10	0.350	0.50	0.82	0.581	0.73	747	4.65	28.37	0.029	28.53	5.07	0.632
G-4-7	255 586	1.67	342 016.84	49.41	176.78	10.40	-	645 212	33.83	0.300	0.37	0.50	0.440	0.47	191	2.98	62.54	0.015	17.11	3.67	0.279

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湘东北万古金矿床不同期次黄铁矿微量元素特征及其对金成矿机制的启示

Trace Element Characteristics of Different Chronology Pyrite in Wangu Gold Deposit，Northeast Hunan and Its Implication to Gold Mineralization Mechanism

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