粉煤灰改良铁尾矿膏体充填材料试验研究

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.05.057

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铁尾矿大量堆存不仅造成环境污染而且存在地质灾害风险，将其用作膏体充填材料骨料，能够解决尾矿危害并保证矿山地下采场的安全稳定。通过开展相关试验，研究了本溪歪头山铁尾矿基本性质，发现其比重大、细颗粒含量少且级配不良，不适合单独作为膏体充填材料骨料。通过试验研究粉煤灰基本性质，选择将其作为掺合料，掺量由0开始以2.5%的梯度升高至15%，通过坍落度试验确定料浆质量浓度为72%，混合各材料制备膏体充填材料。试验研究了不同粉煤灰掺量下充填材料的坍落度、抗压强度、孔隙率和吸水率的变化。结果表明：随着粉煤灰掺量的增加，料浆坍落度由180.2 mm增加至240.2 mm，试件孔隙率先减小后略微上升，吸水率提升，28 d无侧限抗压强度达1.359 MPa。研究表明掺入粉煤灰可以提升膏体充填材料流动性和强度，但粉煤灰掺入量以不多于固体质量的12.5%为宜，该研究成果可为其他金属矿山改良充填结构提供理论支持。

关键词: 铁尾矿, 全尾砂, 膏体充填, 粉煤灰, 性能改良

Abstract:

The large storage of iron tailings not only causes environment pollution，but also has the risk of geological disasters.It can be used as paste filling material aggregate，which can solve the harm of tailings and ensure the safety and stability of underground stope.The Waitoushan iron mine adopts filling method.The filling material is composed of iron tailings，cement and water and the filling slurry has a mass concentration of 68%，which belongs to cemented filling with low-concentration whole tailings.Due to the low mass concentration of filling slurry， the whole tailings of iron tailings are coarse.Fine particles such as cement in the slurry are easily lost，which are not only waste cementing materials and affect the strength of the filling body，but also seriously pollute the underground environment.The filling material composition is fixed，and other admixtures and additives are not added，so the filling structure of the mine is single.Aiming at the problems of waste of filling materials and single filling structure in Waitoushan iron mine，the basic properties of Waitoushan iron tailings were studied by relevant tests.The test shows that the iron tailings have a large proportion，a small content of fine particles and poor gradation，so it is not suitable as paste aggregate alone.The fly ash was selected as admixture to supplement the fine particles in the iron tailings.The content of fly ash increased from 0 to 15% in a gradient of 2.5%，and the mass concentration of slurry was 72%，the paste filling material was prepared by mixing all materials.The slump，compressive strength，porosity and water absorption of filling materials with different fly ash content were tested.The results show that with the increase of fly ash content，the slump of slurry increases from 180.2 mm to 240.2 mm，the porosity decreases first and then slightly increases，and the water absorption rate increases.The unconfin compressive strength of filling material specimen could reach 1.359 MPa in 28 days.The results show that the fluidity and unconfined compressive strength of paste filling materials can be improved by adding fly ash，but the amount of fly ash should be no more than 12.5% of the solid mass.The results provide theoretical support for other metal mines to improve the filling structure.

Key words: iron tailings, full tailings, paste filling, fly ash, performance improvement

中图分类号:

X753

海龙,程同俊,徐博,赵鑫. 粉煤灰改良铁尾矿膏体充填材料试验研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2022, 30(5): 724-732.

Long HAI,Tongjun CHENG,Bo XU,Xin ZHAO. Experimental Study on the Paste Filling Material of Iron Tailings Improved by Fly Ash[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2022, 30(5): 724-732.

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参数名称	数值	参数名称	数值
初凝时间/min	210	体积安定性	合格
终凝时间/min	300	标准稠度用水量/%	28.5
3 d抗折强度/MPa	3.6	w（SO₃）/%	≤3.5
3 d抗压强度/MPa	15.6	w（MgO）/%	≤6.0
28 d抗折强度/MPa	7.7	w（Cl^-）/%	≤0.10
28 d抗压强度/MPa	33.9

化学成分	铁尾矿	粉煤灰
SiO₂	73.93	49.35
Al₂O₃	2.38	28.58
Fe₂O₃	14.18	8.66
CaO	3.85	5.37
MgO	3.49	1.27
SO₃	0.14	-

组别	坍落度/mm	无侧限抗压强度/MPa				孔隙率/%		吸水率/%
组别	坍落度/mm	3 d	7 d	14 d	28 d	3 d	28 d	吸水率/%
T₁	180.2	0.149	0.231	0.455	0.841	11.17	9.71	17.32
T₂	199.6	0.174	0.237	0.440	0.949	11.07	9.32	19.12
T₃	216.8	0.156	0.282	0.464	1.072	10.49	8.74	19.72
T₄	225.3	0.184	0.265	0.498	1.225	10.13	8.09	21.49
T₅	232.1	0.199	0.294	0.551	1.359	9.26	7.12	23.89
T₆	237.5	0.205	0.302	0.532	1.313	9.21	7.23	27.12
T₇	240.2	0.201	0.302	0.519	1.298	9.41	7.32	31.43

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