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黄金科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 333-342.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.03.115

• 采空区专栏 • 上一篇    

TRT技术在某地下矿山空区探测中的应用研究

高峰(),何银东(),李新   

  1. 中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-14 修回日期:2022-03-11 出版日期:2022-06-30 发布日期:2022-09-14
  • 通讯作者: 何银东 E-mail:csugaofeng@csu.edu.cn;heyindong@csu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:高峰(1981-),男,湖南怀化人,博士,副教授,从事矿山开采、灾害机理与防治方面的研究工作。csugaofeng@csu.edu.cn

Application Research of TRT Technology in the Detection of Goaf in an Underground Mine

Feng GAO(),Yindong HE(),Xin LI   

  1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
  • Received:2021-08-14 Revised:2022-03-11 Online:2022-06-30 Published:2022-09-14
  • Contact: Yindong HE E-mail:csugaofeng@csu.edu.cn;heyindong@csu.edu.cn

摘要:

在矿山开采过程中,破碎带、软弱夹层等地质构造以及隐患空区的存在严重影响矿山的生产安全。开采前对工作面前方的地质条件进行超前预报,并及时采取有效的应对措施,对于矿山安全、经济且高效开采具有重要意义。为了探明某金铜矿深部矿房塌陷后涉及多中段的复杂空区位置和形状,在现场勘查的基础上,采用TRT6000系统分多中段多测点对需探测区域进行了不同方位的探测,结合钻探结果对预报结果进行详细分析与验证,并建立了反映空区形态的三维模型。结果显示TRT6000系统预报结果与钻探结果基本吻合,表明应用TRT在矿山井下开展超前预报具有可行性。建立的三维模型更加直观地揭示了空区及破碎带等问题区域可能出露的位置,为TRT结果解译的可视化提供了参考。

关键词: TRT技术, 空区探测, 超前预报, 地震波, 三维模型, 破碎带

Abstract:

Geological disasters such as collapse of tunnel roof or wall and water inrush seriously threaten the life and property safety in the underground mine.It is particularly important to predict the geological conditions ahead before excavation.Based on advanced prediction,the discontinuous structures such as broken zones,weak interlayers and goafs can be found in time. Then, the geological disasters can be greatly reduced under effective measures,which is of great significance to the safe,economic and efficient mining of mines.It is discovered that the No.5 stope in the deep granite porphyry area of an underground gold-copper mine collapsed with a suspected goaf,which caused great potential safety hazards to subsequent production.Tunnel Reflection Tomography (TRT) technology,as a medium and long-distance advanced prediction technology,has the advantages of low-loss materials,convenient operation,safety and stability,and it is currently being gradually promoted and used in mines.In this paper,the TRT6000 system was applied to complex empty areas detection of this gold-copper mine,including 6 detection points distributed in 3 middle sections.Furthermore,a space three-dimensional model was established to make up for the lack of demonstration and observation of the imaging results of the TRT system.By comparing the results obtained from the interpretation of the TRT with the drilling results available,it can be found that the area covered by the borehole is basically consistent with the results of the advanced prediction of the TRT.The established three-dimensional space model intuitively reflects the distribution range of problem area such as broken zone and mined-out area,so that mine producers can have a clearer understanding of the specific situation.The TRT prediction results are basically consistent with the detection drilling results,which proves the feasibility of TRT advanced geological prediction technology in underground mines.The three-dimensional model is innovatively established to visually demonstrate and observe the TRT interpretation results,and achieved a good result.It provides ideas and directions for the visualization of TRT results interpretation.

Key words: Tunnel Reflection Tomography(TRT) technology, detection of goaf, advanced prediction, seismic waves, three-dimensional model, broken zone

中图分类号: 

  • TD166

表1

TRT6000超前地质预报系统主要零部件"

主要部件数量/个
传感器10
无线传输模块11
主计算机1
基站1
触发器1
触发器导线1

图1

仪器工作原理及连接图"

图2

震源和传感器布置方式及其与测试靶区的位置关系"

图3

各探测点平面布置图①黑色粗线为巷道边界线;②蓝色曲线为矿体边界线;③浅色虚线为各矿房中心线;④红色实心圆点表示震源点;⑤粉红色实心圆点表示传感器布点"

表2

测试点布置情况"

测点编号标高/m具体地点描述测点布置对巷道的要求
100 m中段6#矿房北侧凿岩巷道巷道长度有限
200 m中段5#矿房北侧凿岩巷道巷道长度有限
35050 m中段东翼运输巷道符合设备要求规格
45050 m中段东翼回风巷道非独头巷道,构建虚拟掌子面
5100100 m中段东翼运输巷道符合设备要求规格
6100100 m中段东翼回风巷道非独头巷道,构建虚拟掌子面

图4

解译结果图(a) 1号探测点侧视图;(b) 4号探测点侧视图;(c) 5号探测点解译结果;(d) 3号探测点侧视图注:蓝色信号为低阻抗信号,一般解释为相对背景值较破碎、含水等区域;黄色信号为高阻抗信号,一般解释为相对背景值较硬质岩石"

图5

钻孔位置图"

表3

钻孔信息及钻探结果"

序号钻孔编号位置信息钻探结果
100ZK609100 m中段运输巷道掌子面,方位角为90°,水平孔17 m处漏水,18.5 m开始断断续续为空洞,没有岩心,用钻机油压就可以推进钻杆,至24 m岩心管断在孔内
50ZK50150 m中段运输巷道近掌子面处,方位角为0°,倾角为30°向下孔口至约32 m岩心采取率低,32 m以后岩性较完整,矿石品位较好
50ZK501-150 m中段运输巷道掌子面,方位角为90°,倾角为45°向下下钻过程中发现31~34 m钻孔被上方垮落岩石埋住,提钻、下钻困难
50ZK50350 m中段运输巷道近掌子面处,方位角为0°,水平孔孔口至约22 m采取率低,局部有空洞,漏水,出现漏风(热风,疑似老硐的气味)
50ZK50550 m中段运输巷道近掌子面处,方位角为45°,水平孔孔口至29.6 m岩石较破碎,出现空洞,岩石采取率极低;29.6~39.96 m岩石较破碎,局部采取率较低
50ZK50650 m中段运输巷道近掌子面处,方位角为0°,倾角为60°向下孔内塌孔严重,施工岩心破碎甚至为泥状,无法钻进
50ZK50850 m中段运输巷道近掌子面处,方位角为90°,水平孔下钻过程中发现12 m开始钻孔被上方垮落岩石埋住,9.20~18.20 m采取率较低,18.20~19.45 m为泥状物

表4

解译结果与钻探结果对比"

测点

编号

预报结果钻探结果

预报

效果

1推断掌子面前方10~40 m岩石破碎,可能含水,判断此区段为疑似垮落区域无钻孔覆盖-
3结合现场地质情况推断震源点正下方15~30 m往北位置空区出露的可能性较大根据钻孔50ZK506、50ZK501、50ZK503和50ZK505探测情况可以肯定5#矿房(震源点正下方)往北方向大约30 m区段岩石极破碎,甚至部分岩性段出现了空洞。孔内有热风吹出,推断此区段存在贯穿至0 m的裂隙甚至局部发育成小空洞吻合
推断掌子面前方10~50 m范围内岩石破碎,特别是10~30 m范围内,岩石完整性极差,有进一步坍塌的可能性根据钻孔50ZK508探测情况推断,50中段运输巷(3号探测点)延伸方向没有空洞,但存在与空洞区相互联通的裂隙较吻合
推断掌子面前方0~20 m、中心线下10~20 m范围内偏东南方向岩石较为破碎,可能存在局部空区根据钻孔50ZK501-1探测情况,推断掌子面0~32.45 m岩石较破碎较吻合
4推断掌子面前方36~45 m范围内岩石较为破碎,可能存在空区,并往南延伸无钻孔覆盖-
5推测掌子面前方15~30 m处岩石完整性较差,裂隙发育,可能存在空区根据钻孔100ZK609探测情况,推测掌子面前方18.5 m存在空区,且存在贯穿50 m中段空洞破碎区的裂隙,裂隙一直贯穿至0 m塌陷区较吻合

图6

三维模型注:黄色部分为空区出露可能性较大的位置;绿色实体为岩体极为破碎,与空区相连的实体有进一步垮落的可能性;蓝色实体为垮落的岩石与局部空区交替存在"

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