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黄金科学技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 854-862.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.06.066

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于JKSimBlast软件的露天矿爆破毫秒延期时间优化

吴钦正1(),李润然2,李桂林1,李金平3,尹延天1,徐帅2()   

  1. 1.山东黄金集团有限公司深井开采实验室,山东 烟台 261442
    2.东北大学深部金属矿山安全开采教育部重点实验室,辽宁 沈阳 110819
    3.甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司,甘肃 嘉峪关 735100
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-27 修回日期:2021-09-23 出版日期:2021-12-31 发布日期:2022-03-07
  • 通讯作者: 徐帅 E-mail:qdwuqinzheng@163.com;xushuai@mail.neu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:吴钦正(1991-),男,山东泰安人,工程师,从事矿山开采技术研究工作。qdwuqinzheng@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“地下金属矿规模化无人采矿关键技术研发与示范”(2018YFC0604400);国家自然科学基金项目“爆破载荷下自膨胀填塞体作用机理与爆破能量调控机制研究”(51874068);“热—应力—腐蚀耦合作用下自膨胀锚杆锚固强度时效性能研究”(52074062)

Optimization of Millisecond Delay Blasting Time in Open Pit Mine Based on JKSimBlast Software

Qinzheng WU1(),Runran LI2,Guilin LI1,Jinping LI3,Yitian YIN1,Shuai XU2()   

  1. 1.Deep Mining Laboratory of Shandong Gold Group Co. , Ltd. , Yantai 261442, Shandong, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
    3.JISCO Hongxing Iron & Steel Co. , Ltd. , Jiayuguan 735100, Gansu, China
  • Received:2021-05-27 Revised:2021-09-23 Online:2021-12-31 Published:2022-03-07
  • Contact: Shuai XU E-mail:qdwuqinzheng@163.com;xushuai@mail.neu.edu.cn

摘要:

随着数码电子雷管的广泛使用,实现逐孔毫秒精确延时爆破成为可能。为选取最优的孔间和排间毫秒延期时间,基于JKSimBlast爆破模拟软件,在给定的孔网参数和装药结构下,结合矿山常用经验公式,使用二分法设计孔间和排间毫秒延期时间的两因素三水平模拟方案,以最大起爆孔数、质点峰值振动速度和空气冲击压力等参数为指标,选择最优毫秒延期时间。然后,将模拟得到的优选方案与经验方案进行现场爆破试验对比,以爆破块度和爆破振动为指标对爆破效果进行评价。与原方案相比,优化后方案的爆堆大块率从14.30%降至7.94%,测量点爆破振动速度均值从11.682 cm/s降至6.418 cm/s,表明JKSimBlast爆破模拟软件能够较好地进行露天台阶爆破延期时间的优化设计。

关键词: JKSimBlast软件, 露天矿山, 毫秒延期时间, 数码电子雷管, 爆破振动, 爆破块度

Abstract:

Millisecond delay blasting refers to the delay blasting with the interval of several millisecond to tens of millisecond between the adjacent blasting holes. The reasonable millisecond time can make the ore rock fully collide and break,and reduce the production of large blocks. It can weaken or even cancel the stress waves between the blastholes and reduce the blasting vibration. With the wide use of digital electronic detonators,it is possible to realize precise millisecond delay blasting hole by hole. Selecting the optimal millisecond time between holes and rows is of great significance to further improve the blasting efficiency and quality. Based on JKSimBlast blasting simulation software,relying on an open-pit iron mine,under the given hole network parameters and charging structure,combined with the commonly used empirical formula of mine,we design a comprehensive simulation scheme of two factors and three levels,in which the millisecond time between holes is 21 ms,39 ms,56 ms respectively,and the millisecond time between rows is 60 ms,78 ms,96 ms respectively. Taking the maximum number of blasting holes in the same section,the peak vibration velocity of particles and the air impact pressure as indexes,the blasting effect is evaluated. The results show that when the millisecond time between holes is 39 ms and the millisecond time between rows is 78 ms,the maximum number of blasting holes and the maximum number of segments in the same blasting section are both 2,which is the minimum of all simulation results,indicating that the harmful effect of blasting is the smallest. Then,under the condition that the spacing pattern parameter,loaded constitution and layout of priming network remain unchanged,the optimized design scheme of millisecond time is used to design 39 ms between holes and 78 ms between rows,compared with 25 ms between holes and 42 ms between rows,and the delay time in holes is set to 450 ms,The blasting effect is evaluated according to two indexes of blasting fragmentation and blasting vibration. The results show that compared with the empirical scheme,the boulder rate of millisecond time blasting obtained by JKSimBlast blasting simulation software is reduced from 14.30% to 7.94%,with a decrease of 44.5%.At about 200 m away from the blasting center,the average blasting vibration velocity decreased from 11.682 cm/s to 6.418 cm/s,a decrease of 45%. It is proved that JKSimBlast blasting simulation software has the advantages of high accuracy,strong operability,low cost and wide coverage,which provides a new idea for the determination of Millisecond delay blasting time parameters in open pit mining process.

Key words: JKSimBlast software, open-pit mining, millisecond time, digital electronic detonator, blasting vibration, bursting block

中图分类号: 

  • TD235

表1

矿区典型岩性岩石力学数据及可爆性分级结果"

岩性单轴抗压强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa可爆性分级
黑灰色千枚岩234.8012.83中等
灰绿色千枚岩86.749.33极易爆
白云岩137.5712.80中等
镜铁矿115.3011.61易爆

表2

孔网参数计算结果"

参数取值范围/m经验取值/m
抵抗线5~7.57.5
孔距4.8~7.87
排距6~6.756
钻孔超深2~32.5

图1

装药结构示意图"

图2

毫秒延期时间设置示意图"

表3

起爆网路布置参数方案"

编号孔间毫秒延期时间/ms排间毫秒延期时间/ms
红色箭头蓝色箭头紫色箭头
1392160
22178
32196
4213960
53978
63996
7395660
85678
95696

表4

不同延期时间的爆破方案模拟结果"

方案编号

最大同段起爆孔数

/个

最大同段起爆药量

/kg

质点峰值 振动速度 /(mm·s-1

超压值

/kPa

噪声 /dBL
方案331 678.86.90.91153.1
其余方案21 119.25.00.8151.7

图3

不同延期时间的爆破方案模拟结果"

图4

爆破前后台阶坡面"

图5

Split-Desktop软件分析过程"

图6

现场爆破块度分析结果"

图7

爆破振动监测设备"

表5

优化前后爆破振动速度变化"

编号爆心距/m

X方向振速

/(cm·s-1

Y方向振速

/(cm·s-1

Z方向振速

/(cm·s-1

原方案201.237.7599.6127.813
203.1512.19711.1998.011
199.455.92613.2386.820
优化后197.115.5226.6265.216
206.843.5674.1074.812
195.287.9268.1477.984
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