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黄金科学技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 535-544.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.04.150

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    

滨海矿区地应力与岩石力学参数随埋深的变化规律及其相互关系

王玺1(),马春德2,刘兴全1,姜明伟1,范玉赟1   

  1. 1.山东黄金集团有限公司深井开采实验室,山东 莱州 261400
    2.中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-13 修回日期:2021-05-25 出版日期:2021-08-31 发布日期:2021-10-08
  • 作者简介:王玺(1989-),男,山东曲阜人,工程师,从事矿山深部开采灾害防治研究工作。 wx140924@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省重大科技创新项目“深部金属矿智能化开采关键技术及装备集成研究与工程应用”(2019SDZY05)

The Variation Law of In-situ Stress and Rock Mechanical Parameters with Buried Depth in Coastal Mining Area and Their Relationship

Xi WANG1(),Chunde MA2,Xingquan LIU1,Mingwei JIANG1,Yuyun FAN1   

  1. 1.Deep Well Mining Laboratory of Shandong Gold Group Co. ,Ltd. ,Laizhou 261400,Shandong,China
    2.School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
  • Received:2020-08-13 Revised:2021-05-25 Online:2021-08-31 Published:2021-10-08

摘要:

三山岛金矿西岭矿区是我国首个进行滨海开采的金属矿区,研究埋深对该区域地应力和岩石力学性质的影响,对于滨海岩石工程开挖设计及灾害防控具有重要意义。通过对该矿区3个地质钻孔ZK88-21、ZK88-14和ZK94-2的不同埋深岩芯进行取样,获取埋深300~1 900 m范围内的岩石标准试样。采用MTS815和声发射系统测试不同埋深岩石的力学参数与不同方向的声发射Kaiser效应点,进而获得不同埋深岩石的力学参数和地应力特征。以此为基础,分析滨海矿区不同埋深地应力、岩石力学参数及其之间的相互关系。结果表明:随着埋深的增加,滨海矿区岩石力学参数、自重应力、垂直应力、最大水平应力和最小水平应力均呈近似对数函数趋势增加,垂直应力的增幅逐渐小于自重应力。岩石力学参数与地应力大致呈对数关系,最大水平应力对岩石力学参数的影响大于最小主应力。埋深对岩石抗拉强度的影响大于其对抗压强度的影响。

关键词: 滨海矿区, 埋深, 地质钻孔, 地应力, 岩石力学参数, 西岭矿区

Abstract:

The Xiling mining area in Sanshandao gold mine is the first coastal metal mining area in China.Therefore,it is of great significance for coastal rock engineering excavation design and disaster control to study the effect of the buried depth on in-situ stress,rock mechanical properties and their relationship.For this purpose,the standard rock specimen at 5 different buried depths ranging from 300 m to 1 900 m were taken from the three geological drilling in this mining area,namely ZK88-21,ZK88-14 and ZK94-2.With the aid of MTS815,the mechanical parameters and acoustic emission Kaiser point in different directions of rock at different buried depths were tested,and the mechanical properties and in-situ stress of rocks were further obtained.On this basis,the in-situ stress,rock mechanics parameters and their interrelationships at different buried depths were analyzed.The results show that the mechanics parameters,self-weight stress,vertical stress,maximum horizontal stress and minimum horizontal stress have a logarithmic relationship with the buried depth,and the increase amplitude of vertical stress is gradually smaller than that of the self-weight stress with the increase of the buried depth.Similarly,the rock mechanics parameters are roughly logarithmic to the in-situ stress.Among them,the effect of the maximum horizontal stress on the rock mechanical parameters is greater than that of the minimum principal stress.In addition,the effect of buried depth on the tensile strength is greater than its effect on the compressive strength.

Key words: coastal mining area, buried depth, geological drilling, in-situ stress, rock mechanical parameters, Xiling mining area

中图分类号: 

  • TU452

图1

滨海开采的工程地质现象"

图2

典型地质钻孔信息与岩石试样获取过程"

图3

声发射信号采集与试件加载"

图4

不同钻孔岩芯试样的声发射Kaiser效应突变点判断方法(a)岩芯裂隙发育时的Kaiser效应突变点判断方法;(b)受节理裂隙影响,2次加载难以判断Kaiser效应突变点时的Kaiser效应突变点判断方法;(c)岩石Kaiser效应突变点对应的应力会接近并超过岩石单轴抗压强度时的Kaiser效应突变点判断方法"

表1

各钻孔不同埋深测试点地应力情况"

钻孔编号H/mσv/MPaσ/MPa水平方向Kaiser效应突变点应力值/MPaσH/MPaσh/MPa
0°(σ45°(σ90°(σ
ZK94-2钻孔3007.998.1010.5913.4620.6221.0610.15
60016.5516.212.8615.4728.1029.6011.36
90024.9124.313.9814.5931.1134.2412.85
1 20033.2332.417.1922.0135.0335.9316.29
1 50039.3439.2118.0125.2338.6539.1917.47
1 60043.5043.219.7730.3244.2144.3219.66
ZK88-21钻孔3007.978.19.8013.1819.7720.039.55
60017.0516.2314.1216.4128.4329.9214.26
90023.2024.3516.1415.4032.0635.9014.95
1 20033.4932.4717.9622.4634.9735.8617.07
1 50040.7040.5217.4727.2240.4340.5617.34
1 80044.9042.9417.5229.3142.6242.7017.44
1 90046.7043.0117.6129.7242.9343.9317.61
ZK88-14钻孔3007.658.1011.8315.5920.7320.7811.78
60015.6516.2011.7811.8233.4526.4112.62
90024.7124.3015.7514.9836.8036.3012.31
1 20032.1232.4020.0526.2043.5436.8018.79
1 50041.8240.5020.7422.6244.8942.6317.01

图5

垂直应力与埋深的关系"

图6

最大水平主应力与埋深的关系"

图7

最小水平主应力与埋深的关系"

图8

不同埋深岩芯的单轴压缩应力—应变曲线"

图9

岩石的弹性模量(a)与抗压强度(b)随埋深的变化规律"

表2

不同埋深岩芯的力学参数"

钻孔编号h/m样品编号弹性模量E/GPa抗压强度σc/MPa抗拉强度σb/MPa钻孔编号h/m样品编号弹性模量E/GPa抗压强度σc/MPa抗拉强度σb/MPa
ZK88-14300300-135.5145.38.2ZK94-21 5001500-137.2190.613.7
300-231.3143.27.31500-239.3193.515.1
300-329.4138.66.51500-341.2204.116.2
600600-131.0147.89.21 6001600-141.3207.315.6
600-234.2152.99.71600-239.0195.815.9
600-337.8163.28.81600-347.5210.617.8
900900-132.0107.69.2ZK88-21300300-126.2112.35.4
900-237.2117.39.8300-229.7115.46.7
900-338.5120.611.3300-331.2120.38.5
1 2001200-140.0139.713.2600600-135.8146.55.7
1200-243.4145.614.7600-227.8142.15.8
1200-332.6130.511.7600-339.7157.26.3
1 5001500-140.1143.614.3900900-131.2155.75.4
1500-238.1140.212.2900-235.7162.86.9
1500-341.3150.315.3900-340.2171.98.1
ZK94-2300300-127.077.35.91 2001200-132.2206.87.3
300-231.779.36.81200-236.8198.85.1
300-336.386.67.51200-341.7221.47.6
600600-130.2143.28.61 5001500-132.8213.48.5
600-235.3152.410.11500-243.5238.99.3
600-340.2163.29.81500-336.1243.212.4
900900-139.1136.510.31 8001800-144.2261.213.4
900-232.4125.69.21800-235.2242.79.1
900-342.3144.310.11800-345.1271.215.2
1 2001200-132.2168.111.61 9001900-142.2287.311.2
1200-238.6190.312.71900-245.4264.79.4
1200-343.2201.614.21900-335.5252.38.8

图10

不同埋深岩芯的拉伸应力—应变曲线注:图例“300-1”表示样品编号,其中“300”表示埋深为300 m,其他依此类推"

图11

不同埋深岩芯的抗拉强度曲线"

图12

地应力与岩石力学参数的关系"

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