节理粗糙度对应力波传播及试样破坏影响的颗粒流模拟

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.02.143

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究节理粗糙度对应力波传播规律的影响以及粗糙节理试样受应力波作用发生破坏的微观机理，利用基于离散元方法的数值分析软件PFC^2D构建了SHPB系统的颗粒流数值模型。在已有SHPB物理试验的基础上对试验中采用的节理试样进行微观参数标定，研究了较低冲击荷载下节理粗糙度对应力波传播的影响规律以及较高冲击荷载下不同形貌节理试样的微观裂纹扩展和破坏机理。研究表明：节理面的存在会降低应力波的透射系数，且节理面粗糙度越大，透射系数越小；冲击载荷下裂纹在节理面处萌生并迅速扩展到试样完整部分尤其是试样端面，大部分裂纹形成于峰后阶段，且张拉裂纹占主导地位；节理面越粗糙，动态强度越低，试样越容易破坏，产生的裂纹数也越多。

关键词: 分离式霍普金森压杆, 颗粒流, 数值模拟, 节理粗糙度, 应力波传播, 透射系数

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of joint roughness coefficient（JRC） on stress wave propagation and the mechanism of failure of rough joint rock specimens under stress wave action，a numerical model of particle flow code in a split Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB） system was established by using PFC^2D，a numerical analysis software based on discrete element method. Based on the existing SHPB physical test，the microcosmic parameters of joint rock specimens were demarcated. By comparing the waveforms of incidence，transmission and reflection generated by physical test and numerical simulation，the microscopic parameters were adjusted until the waveforms were basically the same，so that the correctness of the numerical model was verified. The numerical model was used to study the influence of JRC on stress wave propagation under low impact load and the microcosmic crack propagation and failure mechanism of joint rock specimens with different morphology under high impact load. In addition，the stress balance at both ends of the specimen under low impact load was analyzed by using the stress balance factor and the stress variation with time at the incident end and transmission end of the specimen. The typical stages of stress change at both ends of joint rock specimen and complete specimen in numerical impact test were compared and analyzed to explain the delayed effect of stress wave on joint surface and the effect of joint roughness on the increase of stress at the incident end. The results show that the presence of joint surface can reduce the transmission coefficient of stress wave，and the larger the JRC value of joint rock specimen is，the smaller the transmission coefficient is，and the stronger the reflected wave of the joint surface is，the more obvious the effect of stress growth slowing down at the incident end of the specimen is. Under impact load，the crack initiation occurs at the joint surface and spread rapidly to the whole part of the specimen，especially the end surface of the specimen，most of the cracks are formed in the post-peak stage，and tensile cracks are dominant. The rougher the joint surface is，the lower the dynamic strength is，the more easily the specimen is destroyed and the more cracks are produced.

Key words: SHPB, PFC, numerical simulation, JRC, stress wave propagation, transmission coefficient

中图分类号:

TU455

王卫华,罗杰,刘田,韩震宇. 节理粗糙度对应力波传播及试样破坏影响的颗粒流模拟[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2021, 29(2): 208-217.

Weihua WANG,Jie LUO,Tian LIU,Zhenyu HAN. Particle Flow Simulation on Influence of Joint Roughness Coefficient on Stress Wave Propagation and Specimens Failure[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2021, 29(2): 208-217.

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参数	数值	参数	数值
颗粒半径/mm	0.9~3.0	切向接触刚度/（N·m^-1）	2.45×10¹¹
孔隙率	0.12	颗粒密度/（kg·m^-3）	7 894.7
法向接触刚度/（N·m^-1）	6.86×10¹¹	法/切向黏结强度/MPa	1×10¹⁰⁰

颗粒参数	数值	平行黏结参数	数值
弹性模量/GPa	8.0	弹性模量/GPa	8.0
刚度比	2.0	刚度比	2.0
摩擦因数	0.4	法向强度/MPa	60±5
最大半径/mm	4.5	切向强度/MPa	48±5
最小半径/mm	0.3	半径乘数	1.0
密度/（kg·m^-3）	2 710.4	阻尼	0.05

SJ模型参数	数值
单位法向刚度/（GPa·m^-1）	1 000
单位切向刚度/（GPa·m^-1）	500
摩擦因数	0.5
抗拉强度、内聚力/MPa	0

试样类别	入射应力/MPa	透射应力/MPa	透射系数
完整试样	52.15	32.70	0.627
JRC4~6	52.15	31.30	0.600
JRC8~10	52.15	31.02	0.595
JRC12~14	52.15	30.34	0.582
JRC16~18	52.15	29.20	0.560

节理试样	峰值裂纹数/个			最终裂纹数/个
节理试样	剪切裂纹	张拉裂纹	总裂纹	剪切裂纹	张拉裂纹	总裂纹
JRC4~6	122	205	327	412	1 638	2 050
JRC8~10	117	162	279	422	1 756	2 172
JRC12~14	105	159	264	436	1 773	2 209
JRC16~18	81	112	193	456	1 921	2 377