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黄金科学技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 195-202.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.02.009

• 绿色矿山专栏 • 上一篇    

中巴经济走廊建设:有色金属产业合作模式与保障措施

许礼刚1,2,3(),关景文2(),徐美娟2   

  1. 1. 江西理工大学巴基斯坦研究中心,江西 赣州 341000
    2. 江西理工大学经济管理学院,江西 赣州 341000
    3. 北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-20 修回日期:2020-02-16 出版日期:2020-04-30 发布日期:2020-05-07
  • 通讯作者: 关景文 E-mail:just20040606@163.com;552157202@qq.com
  • 作者简介:许礼刚(1980-),男,安徽桐城人,副教授,从事矿产环境管理研究工作。just20040606@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    2019年江西理工大学学科建设培育项目“中巴经济走廊建设中有色金属产业合作研究”(JGXK-19-9);江西理工大学巴基斯坦研究中心2020年度研究项目“中巴有色金属产业合作现状、挑战及方案优化研究”(JD20-ZD01)

Construction of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor:Cooperation Mode and Guarantee Measures of Nonferrous Metals Industry

Ligang XU1,2,3(),Jingwen GUAN2(),Meijuan XU2   

  1. 1. Pakistan Research Center of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China
    2. School of Economics and Management,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China
    3. Key Laboratory of High Efficiency Mining and Safety for Metal Mines (Ministry of Education),University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2019-12-20 Revised:2020-02-16 Online:2020-04-30 Published:2020-05-07
  • Contact: Jingwen GUAN E-mail:just20040606@163.com;552157202@qq.com

摘要:

中巴经济走廊贯通巴基斯坦全境,为我国与巴基斯坦进行有色金属产业合作提供了良好的机遇。基于我国有色金属资源匮乏且国内技术设施趋于饱和,而巴基斯坦有色金属资源丰富但技术设施落后的现状,从两国政治、有色金属与人力资源、投资环境与区位交通出发,开展了中巴有色金属产业合作必要性和可行性研究,认为中巴有色金属产业具有较大合作空间。从宏观角度提出了中巴有色金属产业合作国际产能转移模式,从微观角度提出了产量分成合作、联合经营合作和技术服务合作3种经营模式,以及新理念合作机制、生态环境保护措施和防控化解风险等3个方面的中巴有色金属产业合作保障建议。

关键词: 中巴经济走廊, 有色金属, 合作模式, 保障措施, 一带一路, 产能转移

Abstract:

Pakistan has a very important strategic position in the the Belt and Road initiative.The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor has penetrated the whole territory of Pakistan,that bring economic dividends to China and Pakistan and more countries of Asia.At present,China’s foreign dependence on non-ferrous metals is increasing year by year.China is urgent to obtain more non-ferrous metals resources and promote the sustainable development of non-ferrous metals industry.The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is currently a“1+4” cooperation pattern,which include energy,transportation,industrial cooperation and construction of Gwadar Port.It provides a good opportunity for China to cooperate with Pakistan in non-ferrous metal cooperation.However,the construction of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor tends to electric power cooperation and road construction,while the research on non-ferrous metal industry cooperation is less between China and Pakistan.Based on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor,through a comprehensive analysis of the current situation of non-ferrous metals cooperation between China and Pakistan,it is found that Pakistan is rich in undeveloped mineral resources due to its backward technical facilities,while China is short of metal resources,but the technical facilities for mining are too saturated in China.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the non-ferrous metals cooperation between China and Pakistan.From the perspective of good investment environment,convenient location and transportation,and clear focus on non-ferrous metal development,the feasibility of cooperation is explored,and it is found that non-ferrous metal cooperation has a large space for cooperation between China and Pakistan.The cooperation of nonferrous metals industry can bring more economic benefits and promote the common development of China and Pakistan.Then from the macro point of view,the paper puts forward the international capacity transfer mode of China and Pakistan non-ferrous metal industry cooperation,and from the micro point of view,puts forward three business models, namly production sharing cooperation,business cooperation and technical service cooperation in China and Pakistan.Finally,the paper puts forward three aspects of cooperation guarantee,which are cooperation mechanism,environmental protection measures and risk prevention and control measures based on the new concept of “five links”,in order to implement the cooperation between China and Pakistan’s non-ferrous metal industry,greatly alleviate the pressure of China’s lack of non-ferrous metal resources supply,and help Pakistan improve its national governance ability and improve the livelihood and employment of Pakistan in order to promote the common development of China and Pakistan.

Key words: China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, nonferrous metals, cooperation mode, safeguard measures, the Belt and Road, capacity transfer

中图分类号: 

  • TD9

图1

2006~2018年我国有色金属产量"

图2

巴基斯坦有色金属矿产资源情况"

表1

从我国角度考虑合作的必要性"

角度 必要性
政治 推进两国贸易合作,加速资金融通
有色金属资源 实现矿产资源的配置优化,大幅缓解我国有色金属资源供给匮乏的压力
人力资源 缓解了我国有色金属产业开采技术设施在国内已过于饱和从而造成浪费的难题

表2

从巴基斯坦角度考虑合作的必要性"

角度 必要性
政治 使巴基斯坦国家经济快速发展,缓解并改善经济低迷问题
有色金属资源 将矿藏丰富的有色金属资源充分开发,解决矿藏开发资金短缺的困扰
人力资源 促进巴基斯坦人力资源的合理利用,将人力资源提供给发展劳动密集的矿业,降低巴基斯坦失业率,解决就业问题

图3

美、日国际产能转移模式"

表3

中巴有色金属产业的产能转移方式"

产能转移方式 内容
制定专项规划 制定我国与巴基斯坦过剩产能转移的专项规划,形成巴基斯坦有色金属“资源禀赋”+我国科技生产力“技术创新”的产能转移模式,通过合适的经营模式进行产能转移
加快基础设施建设 加快基础设施建设以实现互联互通,有利于有色金属资源的转移,帮助国际产能转移理念在巴基斯坦落地生根
建立经贸区与工业园区 在巴基斯坦的有色金属矿藏附近建立经贸区与工业园区,通过我国核心产业与优势产业的投资带动有色金属产业进行投资,提高富余产能和有色金属资源的转移效率

表4

3类合作模式特点"

合作模式 特点
产量分成 资源国拥有所有权、资源权,合作国承担勘探风险、生产费用
联合经营 资源国与合作国共同出资,组建新的机构
技术服务 不涵盖整个过程,合作国作业服务无风险,不承担勘探风险

表5

基于中巴经济走廊与“五通”新理念的保障机制"

保障机制 内容
政府沟通 加强中巴之间的政策沟通,深化政治互信与利益融合,积极协商有色金属合作中出现的问题,重视制定合作机制
设施联通 加强中巴经济走廊建设的电力、道路设施建设,促进有色金属产业的合作
贸易畅通 重点推动有色金属矿开发相关产业链合作机制
资金融通 针对有色金属矿勘探周期长、投资大且回报慢的特点,通过丝路基金以及中巴金融机构两边合作机制筹集资金
民心相通 加强中巴合作区域周边的工作就业合作机制,提高就业率,造福当地人民
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