黄金科学技术 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 425-432.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.03.425
• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇
刘锋1,2,3(),王昭坤1,马凤山2,王波1,王剑波3,董春蕾1
Feng LIU1,2,3(),Zhaokun WANG1,Fengshan MA2,Bo WANG1,Jianbo WANG3,Chunlei DONG1
摘要:
随着国内外矿山进入深部开采阶段,高应力特征显现,岩爆、冲击地压等地质灾害频发,增加了深部矿产资源开采的难度。卸压技术能够有效解决矿山深部局部高应力集中并防治矿山动力地质灾害,因而受到国内外学者的广泛关注。通过梳理国内外卸压技术研究现状,归纳总结了主要卸压技术(包括水力卸压、钻孔卸压、卸压槽/卸压巷道和爆破卸压等)及常用的研究手段(相似材料模拟和数值模拟),对比分析了各类卸压技术的优缺点。结合当前金属矿山深部开采的实际需求,提出未来卸压技术理论研究的若干重要方向:(1)深化理论研究,通过经验公式来确定合理的卸压参数,从而指导生产实践;(2)相比其他卸压技术,爆破卸压的应用前景广阔,同时多种卸压方法相结合是未来深部矿山开采的有效措施;(3)数值模拟在卸压技术及参数确定方面的优势显著,未来卸压技术研究应充分了解现场复杂地质条件,结合相似模拟、数值模拟与现场试验,提出一套适用于金属矿山深部开采实际的卸压技术方案。
中图分类号:
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