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黄金科学技术 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 1-14.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.01.001

• •    下一篇

数学地质方法在南秦岭汉阴黄龙金矿中的应用

韩珂1,安乐1,杨兴科1,2,*(),刘淑文1,2   

  1. 1. 长安大学地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
    2. 长安大学西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-06 修回日期:2018-09-30 出版日期:2019-02-28 发布日期:2019-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 杨兴科 E-mail:xky61@163.com
  • 作者简介:韩珂(1990-),男,陕西礼泉人,博士研究生,从事矿田构造与矿产勘查研究工作。877415765@qq.com|杨兴科(1961-),男,陕西岐山人,教授,博士生导师,从事构造地质、矿田构造与成矿预测教学与研究工作。xky61@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局项目“陕西石泉—旬阳金矿整装勘查区关键基础地质研究”(编号:12120114014201)和中央高校基本科研项目“矿田构造与找矿预测”(编号:310827153408)联合资助

Application of Mathematical Geological Methods in Huanglong Gold Deposit,Hanyin Area,South Qinling

Ke HAN1,Le AN1,Xingke YANG1,2,*(),Shuwen LIU1,2   

  1. 1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China
    2. Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering Ministry of Education,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China
  • Received:2018-07-06 Revised:2018-09-30 Online:2019-02-28 Published:2019-03-19
  • Contact: Xingke YANG E-mail:xky61@163.com

摘要:

汉阴黄龙金矿大地构造位置处于南秦岭构造带内,矿区内岩石受多期构造变形变质作用,并叠加有稍晚期岩浆活动。金矿化类型以蚀变岩型为主,其次为石英脉型,矿化受脆—韧性剪切带和围岩蚀变的控制,主要蚀变类型有黑云母变斑晶化、黄铁矿化、碳化和石榴石化。为查明构造—蚀变与成矿之间的关系,通过主量元素聚类分析法和因子分析法进一步确认韧性剪切带中的脆性断层破碎带是矿区内主要的控矿构造,黑云母变斑晶化蚀变与金矿化关系最密切,并通常与黄铁矿化叠加出现,对成矿有利;蚀变岩型金矿石与硅化相关性不大。金相关成矿元素Q型聚类分析、R型聚类分析和因子分析结果表明,金成矿作用可能贯穿于脆—韧性剪切作用和岩浆活动的整个过程,受多期热液叠加和后期岩浆热液活动的影响。因此,黄龙金矿属于脆—韧性剪切带型金矿,并可能受后期岩浆热液叠加再富集。

关键词: 脆—韧性剪切带, 矿化蚀变, 数学地质, 聚类分析, 因子分析, 找矿预测, 黄龙金矿, 南秦岭

Abstract:

The South Qinling tectonic belt has formed a huge amount of mineral resources due to its complex tectonic evolution and magmatic activity.The gold ore field in the northern Shiquan-Hanyin area of Shaanxi Province is located in the South Qinling tectonic belt.So far,dozens of gold deposits or gold mineralization points have been discovered in the gold ore field,and the prospecting potential is huge.Huanglong gold deposit is located in the northern Hanyin area.The rocks in the mining area are subject to multi-stage structure deformation and metamorphism,and superimposed with slightly late magmatism.The type of gold mineralization is dominated by altered rock type,followed by quartz vein type.Mineralization is controlled by brittle-ductile shear zone and wall rock alteration. The main alteration types are biotite porphyroblasts crystallization and pyritization,carbonization,garinization,etc.In order to further ascertain the relationship between structure-alteration and mineralization,based on the large-scale (1/5 000~1/10 000) structure-alteration facies mapping in the mining area and the analysis of rock main elements and metallogenic elements,using SPSS17.0 software to carry out Q-type cluster analysis,R-type cluster analysis of main element and metallogenic elements,R-factor analysis for the relationship between ore and structure altered rock,alterated rocks.The results show that the altered rock type gold mineralization is closely related to the faults in the brittle-ductile shear zone and biotite porphyroblasts crystallization alteration;the correlation coefficient between TFe2O3 and TiO2,Al2O3 ,K2O is large,in the field outcrop,it usually can be seen that biotite porphyroblasts crystallization is closely associated with pyritization,gold mineralization often occurs in the biotite porphyroblasts crystallization and pyritization superposition zone;biotite porphyroblasts crystallization,carbonization,pyritization,garinization alteration has high correlation,and its superimposed zone is a favorable part of altered rock type gold mineralization,which should be the product of late hydrothermal alteration stage of regional metamorphism;Au and Cu,Zn,Bi,V,Hg having weak positive correlation shows that gold mineralization may undergo multi-stage hydrothermal superposition and is related to magmatic hydrothermal fluid;three principal component factors F1,F2 and F3 represent the existence of tectonic-hydrothermal action and magmatic hydrothermal action,Au has a certain load on all three factors,which indicates that the formation of gold in the mining area may penetrate the whole process of brittle-ductile shear and magmatism in this area,and the gold mineralization may be superimposed over multiple periods. The next prospecting direction or exploration project layout should prioritized the periphery or the deep of the mining area where brittle-ductile shear zone ,foliated rocks ,the gold-related alteration zone or the alteration superposition well develop,that is the strong structure-hydrothermal activity-water-rock reaction(WRR) concentration site.

Key words: brittle-ductile shear zone, alteration, mathematical geology, cluster analysis, factor analysis, prospecting prognosis, Huanglong gold deposit, South Qinling

中图分类号: 

  • P614

图1

黄龙金矿区域构造位置图[20]"

图2

黄龙金矿区地质简图"

图3

黄龙金矿区脆—韧性剪切带宏观和微观照片"

图4

黄龙矿区主要蚀变岩显微特征"

表1

黄龙矿区各蚀变岩相带主量元素含量[29]"

蚀变SiO2TiO2Al2O3TFe2O3MnOMgOCaONa2OK2OP2O5LOITOTAL
硅化(1)82.430.588.133.020.071.090.731.681.240.081.29100.34
黑云母变斑晶化(2)60.991.0117.968.040.082.910.411.033.820.163.4099.81
金矿石(3)55.330.9921.958.230.262.290.301.145.980.223.62100.31
黄铁矿化(4)55.460.8014.787.560.365.471.540.853.940.107.8498.70
碳化(5)64.730.7314.926.330.163.280.500.403.960.113.7299.18
石榴子石化(6)63.300.7414.597.240.103.120.461.792.400.214.3098.25

表2

各蚀变岩石与金矿石样品欧氏距离矩阵"

12345678
105.0056.2456.1384.4224.0867.9287.394
202.3943.8772.4672.4703.5474.118
304.1703.5903.4091.8083.280
403.1204.2844.8294.220
503.3844.7644.523
604.9955.113
703.342
80

图5

各蚀变岩与金矿石样品Q型聚类谱系图"

表3

各蚀变岩相主量元素相关系数矩阵(值向量的余弦)"

SiO2TiO2Al2O3TFe2O3MnOMgOCaONa2OK2OP2O5
SiO21-0.842-0.909-0.966-0.768-0.383-0.2740.570-0.904-0.709
TiO210.9500.8450.4590.056-0.059-0.4000.8800.730
Al2O310.9000.5710.0370.035-0.4770.9610.826
TFe2O310.6230.2830.303-0.5230.8500.784
MnO10.4820.509-0.5710.7180.276
MgO10.105-0.3060.068-0.201
CaO1-0.4100.1710.016
Na2O1-0.633-0.044
K2O10.693
P2O51

表4

黄龙金矿主要蚀变岩相带金相关元素含量"

蚀变元素测试结果/(×10-6
Au*Ag*CuZnBiVMoPbSbHg*
硅化(1)1.100.3414.5359.090.1060.341.2120.541.0917.62
黑云母变斑晶化(2)5.090.1058.75125.890.22152.151.9221.640.1310.83
黄铁矿化(3)1.160.3284.06117.340.34151.516.8520.600.402.55
石榴子石化(4)2.150.0973.20180.970.42188.291.5931.120.170.80
碳化(5)3.170.3346.90180.000.38101.000.9920.800.446.82
绢云母化(6)1.030.1750.000.100.070.197.5025.150.402.29

表5

蚀变岩欧氏距离矩阵"

123456
105.0905.1396.4944.0804.580
204.0313.7383.0014.729
303.9503.0983.955
403.8595.270
504.773
60

图6

各蚀变岩Q型聚类分析谱系图"

表6

金相关成矿元素相关系数矩阵(值向量的余弦)"

AuAgCuZnBiVMoPbSbHg
Au1-0.4350.1160.5060.2570.446-0.519-0.116-0.5450.188
Ag1-0.377-0.080-0.057-0.3030.015-0.7170.7250.366
Cu10.4230.6520.6440.4130.355-0.800-0.813
Zn10.9310.834-0.6010.183-0.437-0.196
Bi10.816-0.2980.294-0.517-0.495
V1-0.3660.264-0.531-0.231
Mo1-0.021-0.150-0.539
Pb1-0.462-0.593
Sb10.698
Hg1

图7

金相关成矿元素R型聚类分析谱系图"

表7

因子分析特征值和累计方差贡献"

成分初始特征值
合计方差贡献率/%累计贡献率/%
F14.67846.78546.785
F22.56325.62772.412
F31.46314.62887.040

表8

公因子方差"

初始提取初始提取
Au10.756V10.844
Ag10.980Mo10.877
Cu10.912Pb10.565
Zn10.974Sb10.888
Bi10.969Hg10.938

表9

正交旋转因子载荷矩阵"

F1F2F3F1F2F3
Au0.280-0.3680.736V0.853-0.2520.231
Ag0.0390.972-0.183Mo-0.271-0.153-0.883
Cu0.662-0.499-0.474Pb0.130-0.726-0.145
Zn0.919-0.0600.356Sb-0.4670.8160.067
Bi0.979-0.105-0.008Hg-0.4060.5490.687

图8

黄龙金矿区1/10 000构造—蚀变岩相图"

图9

剪切带变形域与金矿化类型关系[32,33]"

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