In recent years，many types of gold deposits have been found in Wangjiaping-Shangnan area，Shaanxi Province.Due to the lack of detailed antomy of the typical deposits in the region，and insufficient understanding of the ore-controlling factors，occurrence regularity，and genesis of the regional gold deposits，the metallogenic regularity and propecting direction in the region are not clear，which restricts the propecting breakthrough in this area.On the basis of investigating the regional geological structure background，the geological characteristics，ore-controlling factors and ore-bearing laws of typical gold deposits in Wangjiaping-Shangnan area were systematically sorted out.Combined with the characteristics of fluid inclusions in typical gold deposits，the spatial distribution characteristics，metallogenic conditions and the occurrence and mineralization patterns of gold deposits（points）in the area were summarized.The results show that the gold deposits（points） in the area are controlled by the nearly EW-trending Shanyang-Fengzhen fault，Zhen’an Banyanzhen fault，or their secondary fault belts.They are developed in the interlayer faults of specific strata and controlled by dual factors of faults and strata，the gold deposits（spots）in the area are generally enriched in the nearly EW-trending zonal segmentation.The gold orebodies in different sections are controlled by different forms of faults and overall lenticular output.According to the metallogenic characteristics，ore-controlling factors and metallogenic regularity of the mining area，the prospecting prediction model of gold deposits in the area was established，and five prospecting target areas were predicted in combination with the distribution range of strata，structures and geochemical anomalies，which provides new ideas and new directions for the next step of ore exploration work in the area.

The tectonic position of the study area belongs to the junction of the southwest edge of the Yangtze quasi platform and the Youjiang fold belt of the south China fold belt，which is an important component of carlin-type gold deposits area in southwest Guizhou.The deep hidden deposit prospecting has not made a new breakthrough.Based on the recent research on structure-controlled alteration zone （SBT） and the latest theoretical results of multi-level structural slippage metallogenic system of carlin-type gold deposits in Nanpanjiang-Youjiang area，the geological background and geological characteristics of typical deposits are studied through field investigation in the Kawu，Southwestern Guizhou，China.The results further clarified the geological characteristics of gold deposits in the Kawu area and identified the main prospecting criteria，established the core elements of gold prospecting prediction in the Kawu area，and newly identified the existence of SBT between the rock interfaces with large differences in rock competence in the area，providing an important basis for regional prospecting prediction.The gold orebody is deposited in SBT and the high-angle pressure fault and the interlayer fracture zone，system summary Kawu area gold metallogenic elements.The study shows that the regional structural detachment and interlayer fracture zone are the main channel of metallogenic fluid migration and the ore site of gold ore body，the abnormal overlap parts of the metallogenic elements such as Au，As，Sb and Hg are the most favorable parts of mineralization，which is the same metallogenic system as the regional carlin-type gold deposit，and the gold metallogenic conditions are superior.Based on the multi-level structural detachment metallogenic system and the prospecting prediction model，the prospecting prediction was carried out，3 prospecting prediction areas were delineated，the gold resources in Kawu area were predicted as 50 t，and the prospecting direction in the area is defined，so as to provide guidance and reference for the subsequent prospecting work in this area.

The Fuwen gold deposit is located in Fuwen County，central and northern Hainan Province，and also in the northern margin of the Wuzhishan fold belt of the South China fold system.The Early Cretaceous Lumuwan Formation （K₁l） is mainly exposed in the ore district.The structure in this area is developed，the magmatic volcanic movement is more frequent，the gold mineralization points are more，and the metallogenic geological conditions are better.Geological and mineral work was carried out earlier in the area，including geophysical exploration，geochemical exploration，mineral exploration，etc.，but these works focused on the ore fabric characteristics，sulfide characteristics，ore-forming fluid characteristics and isotope date of the deposit，and the research methods of element geochemical testing of gold deposits are less involved.In order to further explore the source of ore-forming materials of Fuwen gold deposit，this paper analyzed the main，trace and rare earth elements of quartz vein type ore，clastic sedimentary rock and magmatic rock of Lumuwan formation.The chemical analysis of the main components of the clastic sedimentary rocks in Lumuwan Formation shows that the weathering and alteration of the source area are weak，which reflects that the sedimentary rocks were first deposited in the active tectonic belt，and the provenance is mainly felsic rocks.The results of chemical analysis of rare earth elements show that REE is characterized by enriched LREE，lost HREE，and right-inclined normalized curve patterns，and the standardized distribution curves of REE in each sample are basically the same.It is inferred that the ore has homology with strata and rock masses.The results of trace element chemical analysis show that the ore，Lumuwan Formation strata and rock mass （quartz diorite，fine-grained granite） are significantly lost in Ba，Nb，Sr，Hf and enriched in Rb，Th，U，Pb，Sm，and their distribution trends are similar.Comprehensive analysis shows that the formation of Fuwen gold ore body in Hainan is closely related to Lumuwan strata and rock mass.Both of them provide ore-forming materials for the formation of ore bodies，and the deposit type is a magmatic hydrothermal deposit.

Pakistan is rich in mineral resources and is one of China’s “all-weather strategic partners” and an important mining investment country.Based on the five risk levels of politics and law，economy and finance，resource extraction，social culture and infrastructure，this paper constructs a mining investment environmental risk evaluation index system in Pakistan from a dynamic perspective.The weight of indicators is determined by the improved CRITIC method，and the index information is collected by the TOPSIS method to explore the possible risk factors of Pakistan’s mining investment environment，so that the evaluation results are more accurate，scientific and referenceable.The deep learning model was used to predict the mining investment environment in Pakistan from 2023 to 2033，which provides a reference for the risk prevention of Pakistan’s mining investment environment in the future.The results show that：（1）Anti-globalization risk，resource abundance，social stability，environmental regulation，credit risk and corruption risk sink are the main influencing factors of Pakistan’s mining investment environment.（2）From 2000 to 2022，Pakistan’s mining investment environment score generally showes a spiraling trend，and the risk level was stable after being reduced to medium risk.In addition to the overall dynamic downward trend of infrastructure risk scores，the political and legal risks，economic and financial risks，social and cultural risks and resource exploitation risk scores all show a fluctuating upward trend.（3）From 2023 to 2033，Pakistan’s mining investment environment will be reduced from medium risk to low risk level，stable and improving.

The East Kunlun metallogenic belt is an important gold and other metal metallogenic belt in Qinghai Province，but it is mostly concentrated in the eastern part of the East Kunlun.The western part of the East Kunlun not only has a small number of deposits， but also has a small scale of ore deposits.Meanwhile，the research on the genesis of the deposits is weak and the prospecting potential is unknown，which become the bottleneck restricting the breakthrough of gold prospecting in the western part of the East Kunlun.The discovery of Aqiyin gold ore deposit can not only enrich the types of gold deposit in the East Kunlun metallogenic belt，but also have important scientific research value to improve the understanding of gold mineralization rules in the western part of the East Kunlun.The Aqiyin gold deposit is located in the western part of the East Kunlun metallogenic belt，which is a structural ore-control gold deposit occurred in porphyritic quartz monzonite. In order to determine the metallogenic age of the gold deposit，the ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar age test of sericite in the altered granite-porphyry related to gold mineralization was carried out，and the weighted average ages of sericite are （263.2±4.5）Ma and （268.7±9.7）Ma，respectively. The results show that the main ore-forming age of the Aqiyin gold deposit is the Middle Permian，which is of great significance for further understanding of the genetic mechanism and geodynamic background and regional gold exploration of the gold deposit in the western part of East Kunlun.Meanwhile，enough attention should be paid to whether there is a Middle Permian gold deposit in the East Kunlun area.

The Geita greenstone belt is located in the northwest of Tanzania craton，and developed a world-class large-scale gold deposit with a 387 t gold resources，namely Geita gold deposit.The main rock type of Geita greenstone belt is banded iron formation（BIF），volcanic clastic sedimentation and kavirondian system conglomerate，both with syn-orogenic granite，lamprophyre and trachyandesite.The structure of folds and shear zones are well developed in the area，and the structure directions are mainly NW-SE，NE-SW and nearly E-W.The gold veins are developed in the contact of BIF and lamprophyre，and found in nearby parallel quartz veins.The characteristics of geochemistry shows that the orebodies were formed from the magmatic hydrothermal，and hosted in the shear zone.Based on the study of geology，typical gold deposits and ore-forming age of the Geita greenstone belt，this paper determines the era of mineralization and summarizes the evolutionary history of Geita greenstone belt.As a preliminary view，the evolutionary history of Geita greenstone belt shows many periods，including volcanic activities，deposit formation，tectonic activities，multi-hydrothermal activities and tectonic reworking.For the tectonic reworking of Geita greenstone belt，determines the main era of mineralization is （2 699±9）~（2 617±17）Ma，and the Geita gold deposit is a typical greenstone belt gold deposit of orogenic belt type of Archean.

In order to identify the occurrence， enrichment， storage conditions and distribution characteristics of rare metal ore in the clay layer，to study the sedimentary characteristics，variation law and metallogenic law of the Qaidam Basin，the evaluation of resource potential were studied in Balunhaima Basin of Qaidam Basin. The investigation and evaluation of lithium rare light metals as the main minerals in Balunmahai salt lake Basin of Qaidam Basin has been carried out， including drilling， sample collection and testing， statistical analysis of data， correlation of rock and ore-bearing clay layers， law summary and research work on the availability of ore-bearing clay. Three layers of ore-bearing clay layers were delineated in the Quaternary Holocene （Qh）， Upper Pleistocene （Qp³） and Middle Pleistocene （Qp²）. It is estimated that the total potential resources of LiCl can reach 1.1441 million tons， which is converted into the total potential resources of Li₂O， Rb₂O and Cs₂O reaching 403 200 tons， 357 200 tons and 31 300 tons respectively.The lithium leaching rate reaches 51%~55% with 10% sulfuric acid concentration，25% pulp concentration，1 hour leaching time and 25 ℃ leaching temperature.The thickness of ore-bearing clay layer and the contents of Li，Rb and Cs are stable. Lithium is mainly composed of Fe-Mn binding state，followed by residue state，Rb and Cs are mainly composed of residue state.The clay minerals are mainly illite，and the contents of Li，Rb and Cs are positively correlated with the clay content. It is concluded that there are both structural lithium and adsorbed lithium in clay-type lithium deposits in this area，which is a kind of clay-type lithium deposits between carbonate clay-type lithium deposits and volcanic clay-type lithium deposits.This type is a new type in Balunmahai Basin，and the mining area has the conditions for extraction and utilization.In this paper，the investigation and evaluation of rare light metal lithium deposits were carried out for the first time in clay layer，and the clay-type lithium rare light metal resources were found.The orebody is associated with liquid ore and solid salt ore，which is an important part of salt lake resources.The research lays a foundation for the overall planning，development and efficient utilization of the evaluation area of the Balunmahai Basin.

The raw ore of a carlin gold mine in Guizhou has low gold grade，fine disseminated granularity of valuable minerals and gangue minerals，and high content of harmful elements arsenic and carbon.The recovery rate of conventional fine grinding flotation process is only 80.54% and the gold grade of tailing is 0.97×10^-6，the loss of flotation tailing gold is relatively serious.In order to improve the recovery rate of gold concentrate and reduce the gold grade of flotation tailing，the process mineralogy study of secondary grinding classification overflow and flotation tailing was carried out to find out the gold distribution and loss.The results show that the gold lost in conventional fine grinding flotation tailing is mainly sulfide wrapped gold，which is mainly lost in the poor coenobium of -38 μm grade，accounting for 60.70%，and the lost sulfide gold content is high.Secondly，there are a small amount of dissociated monomer and a small amount of fusant，which are not fully recovered due to the fine particle size，and also lost in the tailings.The main cause of the loss of gold in flotation tailing is that the fine particle minerals cannot be caught by conventional fine grinding flotation.Combined with the site production situation，the JRF micro-bubble flotation was applied to rough selection Ⅰ operation and scavenge Ⅳ tailing for reselection test.The test results show that JRF micro-bubble flotation has a significant catching effect on some fine particle minerals in tailing，which can further strengthen the capture of sulfide poor coenobium of -38 μm grade and a amount dissociation monomer of -20 μm grade in conventional fine grinding flotation scavenge Ⅳ tailing，and reduce the loss of gold in flotation tailing.After the technical transformation，the cumulative recovery rate of gold is 82.39% and the tailing grade is 0.88×10^-6.The recovery rate increased by 1.85 percentage points，and the tailing grade decreased by 0.09×10^-6，and the flotation index was gradually improved，which increased the economic benefits of enterprises.

Due to the long-term mining，the resource crisis in Xishan section of Linglong gold field is becoming more and more serious.The known main veins have been basically explored and mined by pit exploration，finding new resources has become an urgent need for mines.Through regional geological analysis and summary of metallogenic regularity，the veins in the ore-section are sorted out one by one，and it is found that the local geological structure is inconsistent with the regional structural regularity.The researchers selected the 108# vein group with stable overall occurrence but large local changes to study the metallogenic regularity and tectonic movement regularity.Through the study of the movement law of the upper and lower plates of the 108# vein group and the mineralization of 108# vein group，it was found that the main vein of 108# vein is a reverse fault with obvious displacement，while its branch vein 96#，vein 98# and vein 107# are tensile-torsional or tensile faults with no obvious displacement.At the same time，there are obvious differences in mineral structure and mineral composition，so it is speculated that there are a series of structures in the footwall of the western main vein of 108# vein，which are consistent with the structural laws of the branches in the footwall and move downward with the footwall.Therefore，108# blind branches were found in the blind zone prospecting in the speculated area at -50 elevation level of Xishan ore section.The exploration of 108# veins verified the study of this metallogenic regularity and established a branch prospecting model，that is，the upper and lower walls of the main vein of 108# vein have ore-hosting secondary structures corresponding to each other with nearly parallel arrangement and nearly equal spacing distribution，and the blind veins of 108 2# veins and 108 3# veins were successfully explored by this model.At present，the proven metal amount is 2.4 tons，which prolongs the service life of the mine.It is worth mentioning that after the upper and lower wall branches of 108# main vein were dislocated by the fault of 108# main vein，the lower branch vein and the upper branch vein experienced different metallogenic periods.In the later period，the main vein of the 108# vein blocked the ore-forming hydrothermal solution，so that the ore-bearing faults of the lower plate could form better orebodies，and the mineralization of the footwall branches vein at the far end of 108# main vein also confirmed this point.According to the results of this prospecting，the same tectonic regularity and metallogenic environment have been found in other vein groups such as 53#，55# vein group，which points out the direction for the next prospecting.

Yudai copper deposit is a newly discovered and medium-sized copper deposit located in the Kalatag district，northern Dananhu-Tousuquan island-arc belt，eastern Tianshan，NW China.Through field geological survey and laboratory research，the geological characteristics and genesis of the deposit were discussed.The ore-bearing geological formation is a set of volcanic-pyroclastic rocks，and the orebody is hosted in the porphyritic quartz diorite and volcanic rocks of the Daliugou Formation.It is controlled by the faults and is mainly vein and lenticular type.The ore types are mainly disseminated and veined and the structures are mainly granular，disseminated and veined.The metal minerals are mainly chalcopyrite and pyrite，and the gangue minerals are mainly quartz，followed by chlorite and sericite.The ore-forming process can be divided into four stages，namely quartz-magnetite stage，K-feldspar-quartz-pyrite stage，quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite-molybdenite stage and quartz-carbonate-gypsum stage.The hydrothermal alteration is characterized by K-feldspar，silica，chlorite，epidote，sericite and carbonate.The alteration is typically zoned from center to outer with K-feldspar-silica zone，silica-sericite zone，argillic zone and chlorite-epidote- carbonate zone，and K-feldspar-silica zone，silica-sericite-pyrite zone and chlorite-epidote-carbonate zone from top to bottom. The metallogenic geological conditions，ore body characteristics and hydrothermal alteration of the Yudai copper deposit are consistent with the porphyry copper deposit in the Dananhu-Tousuquan island-arc belt.Therefore，it is considered that Yudai copper deposit belongs to porphyry copper deposit.

The northern margin of the Qaidam Basin is located in the north of the Qaidam Basin and the south of the Qilian orogenic belt，and in the Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun orogenic belt with strong tectonic-magmatic activity.It is one of the hot areas of geological research in recent years.A large number of early Paleozoic granites are distributed in the Xiaridawu niobium-tantalum mining area in the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin.The analysis of the magma source， formation mechanism and tectonic environment of granites plays an important role in revealing the formation mechanism and tectonic environment of granites，which also plays an important role in revealing the formation and evolution mechanism of continental crust in the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin.Based on the analysis of petrological and geochemical characteristics of granites in Xiaridawu niobium-tantalum mining area on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin，the magma source，formation me-chanism and tectonic environment of granites was analized.It is found that the biotite granite porphyry in the Xiaridawu area has high silicon，high potassium and aluminum，and the other major elements show the characteristics of low magnesium and low manganese，poor phosphorus and titanium.The biotite granite porphyry is enriched in light rare earth elements，while relatively depleted in heavy rare earth elements，REE chondrite-normalized partitioning curve is ‘V’ shaped distribution，and the negative Eu anomaly is obvious.It is relatively enriched in large ion lithophile elements，relatively depleted in high field strength elements. According to the analysis of related parameters of major，trace and rare earth elements， the granite porphyry in the mining area is a highly differentiated S-type peraluminous granite. In addition to the low-temperature melting of crustal materials， the source is not excluded from the contamination of mantle materials， and there are some separated crystallization products， which has a very favorable effect on the mineralization of niobium and tantalum deposits in this area. According to the tectonic environment discrimination of multiple sets of main elements and trace elements，the granite porphyry in the Xiaridawu niobium-tantalum mining area on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin was formed in the collision tectonic environment of the transition from collision orogenic to intraplate.The study has important geological significance for understanding the genesis，provenance，tectonic environment and prospecting direction of granite in this area.

In order to solve the problem of prospecting around and deep prospecting in Daiyinzhang mining area in Wutai County，Shanxi Province，the geoelectrochemical exploration method was carried out in the sections of three profiles 6，8 and 12 lines in the mining area，and the geoelectrochemical exploration method test under the conditions of energization （dipolar geoelectric extraction） and non-energization （foam-plastic adsorption extraction） was compared and analyzed in order to verify the feasibility of the method in the area and the influence of the applied electric field on the exploration effect.The results show that the geoele-ctrochemical extraction anomaly is clearly displayed above the known gold orebody，which corresponds well to the occurrence location of the gold orebody，and the exploration effect is remarkable，and it is effective and feasible to use geoelectrochemical methods to find hidden gold deposits in Wutai area of Shanxi Province.The applied electric field does improve the efficiency of geoelectrochemical extraction，the detection depth is also greater than the adsorption extraction without electricity，which is more sensitive，and it can clearly show the hidden orebody and weak mineralization abnormality.The anomaly corresponds to the burial location of the deep orebody，and the extracted orebody information is more comprehensive and complete，which has a good effect on further analysis of the location and distribution form of the underground orebody，and it can play a good indicator effect in deep prospecting prediction.

As an important geological prospecting method，geochemical survey has been widely used in regional mineral prospect survey with its fast and efficient characteristics，and has achieved good geological prospecting results.At present，the main methods used include river sediment survey，soil survey，rock survey，etc.The southern belt of Beishan，Gansu Province，is an important metallogenic belt in the Beishan area of Gansu Province，belonging to the arid desert Gobi landscape area，with poor natural conditions and low degree of geological work.In the area，the development of river system is generally short，and the primary and secondary river systems are the main ones. The river sediment can well reflect the mineralization information in the catchment area. The 1∶50 000 stream sediment survey was carried out in the selected blocks in the research area，and the content information of 14 elements in the research area was obtained，such as Au，Ag，Cu，Pb，Zn，Co，Ni，Hg，Sb，As，Mo，W，Sn，Bi. The obtained geochemical data were processed in combination with the strata，structure，and distribution of magmatic rocks in the research area.The elements in the research area have obvious classification characteristics，in which Au，Ag，As，Sb，Hg are a group of medium-low temperature hydrothermal elements，Cu，Pb，Zn，Mo，Ni，Co are a group of medium-high temperature hydrothermal elements and basic elements in basic and ultrabasic rocks，which are related to hydrothermal activities and basic and ultrabasic dikes controlled by NW and NE trending fault structures in the research area.W，Sn and Bi are a group of high-temperature element combinations，representing W mineralization in the research area.According to the distribution characteristics of the elements and the geological background，five comprehensive anomalies were delineated in the research area，including two Class B1 anomalies，two Class B2 anomalies，and one Class C3 anomaly. Through the general inspection and key inspection of the anomalies，Huayaoshan tungsten deposit was found in the HS-3 anomaly，and Dakouzi Dongshan tungsten deposit and Huayaoshan toxic placer deposit were found in the HS-4 anomaly.In the research area，three prospecting prospects with tungsten ore as the main ore were divided.It shows that the measurement of stream sediment has good geological prospecting effect in the southern belt of Beishan，and provides basic data for further geological prospecting work in the research area. At the same time，combined with the geological prospecting results in the southern belt of Beishan in recent years，the authors comprehensively analyzed the metallogenic geological background，metallogenic environment，mineralization，and metallogenic law in the research area，and put forward new prospecting directions and suggestions for the next step，which has reference significance for carrying out mineral prospecting in the arid desert Gobi natural landscape area of Beishan in Gansu Province.

As a type of slow-change geological hazard，ground subsidence have an important impact on people’s production and life.Since the establishment of Global Positioning System （GPS） monitoring of ground subsidence within the impact area of underground mining at Sanshandao gold mine in September 2012，significant ground subsidence has been monitored.In order to grasp the characteristics and patterns of ground subsidence in the mine area，this paper obtained the spatial and temporal variation of ground subsidence in the Sanshandao gold mine area by summarizing and analyzing the results of previous multi-period monitoring，and briefly discussed the direct and indirect factors causing the ground subsidence phenomenon，and finally proposed suggestions to mitigate the ground subsidence in the mine area.The results show that：（1）The trend of the subsidence extent in the study area is consistent since September 2012，and the center of subsidence is located in the upper disk area of the orebody，500 m to 600 m east of Sanshandao village committee. （2）The morphology of the ground subsidence basin has evolved from a nearly circular shape at the beginning to an elliptical shape at a later stage，i.e.，along the southeast side of the subsidence basin. （3）The subsidence contours are denser on the side close to the F₁ ore-control fracture and sparser on the side far from the F₁ fracture. （4）The cumulative sedimentation value of the sedimentation center becomes larger and larger over time，and the sedimentation velocity changes significantly，with a faster sedimentation velocity at first，then a slower sedimentation velocity，and an increase in the sedimentation velocity in recent years.According to the settlement velocity，the cumulative settlement curves can be divided into three stages.The first stage，between September 2012 and September 2016，the cumulative settlement is about 337 mm，with an average annual settlement of about 84 mm.The second stage，between September 2017 and September 2020，the cumulative settlement is about 73 mm，with an average annual settlement of about 24 mm.The third stage，from September 2020 to September 2021，the average annual subsidence is approximately 68 mm.The ground subsidence of Sanshandao gold mine is the product of the combined effect of mining disturbance force and self-gravity of the overlying rock.The movement deformation of the overlying rock in the mining area and the compression deformation of the overlying softer quaternary sediments will lead to the ground subsidence.The direct mining influences on ground subsidence can be divided into the shape of the orebody deposit，depth of burial，geological stress environment，presence of faults，and infill mining methods，while the indirect non-mining influences can be summarized as anthropogenic social factors，i.e.，the ground subsidence phenomenon is also aggravated by the economic development of mining，the increase of buildings，and the pumping of groundwater.

In order to accurately describe the whole process of rock stress-strain curve，a statistical damage contitutive model considering the effect of rock microdefects was proposed.Firstly，rocks containing microdefects are analysed and abstracted into a rock skeleton part and a defective part without microdefects.The rock microdefects include initial microdefects and new microdefects added to the rock by loading，which can only generate strain but not stress.The strain generated by the initial microdefects is negatively exponential to the stress during the compression-density stage，and the model parameters n and V_m are obtained by fitting the experimental curve of closed strain-stress for the microdefects.After the compression-density stage，the initial micro-defects are completely closed and the resulting strain is a constant.As additional micro-defects are mainly generated in large numbers in the post-peak stage，the effect of additional micro-defects on the post-peak stage is mainly considered.A variable b in the range of 0 to 1 is used to represent the weakening effect of the strain formed by the additional micro-defects on the strain generated in the rock.Different values of b can reflect the degree of strain softening in the rock，and a method for determining the value of b is given to obtain the value of b under different stress states for different rocks.The deformation of the rock skeletal part without micro-defects and whose damage conforms to the Weibull probability distribution，the deformation of the rock skeletal part and the micro-defective part make up the deformation of the rock，which leads to the derivation of the damage constitutive model of the rock，and the specific determination method of the parameters m and F₀ of this damage constitutive model is given.The parameters of the model are discussed.The smaller the value of b，the greater the strain generated by the new microcracks in the rock and the more obvious the strain softening is.The damage variables of the rock are analysed for different values of b.The smaller the value of b，the faster the damage value of the rock reaches 1 and the faster the skeletal part of the rock is damaged.The damage costitutive model in this paper takes into account the compression-density phase，the strain-softening phase，the effect of residual strain，and can characterise all phases of the rock stress-strain curve，and the model parameters are small and the method of determination is clear.Finally，the model is validated with sandstone and saprolite test data，and the test data agree with the theoretical results，indicating the reasonableness of the model.

A series of hydrothermal cobalt polymetallic deposits in northeastern Hunan Province occurr along the Changsha-Pingjiang fault zone，the middle section of the Jiangnan orogen belt. These deposits are hosted in the tectonic-hydrothermal alteration belt at the footwall of the Changsha-Pingjiang fault zone，and controlled by the fault zone and its secondary structures.However，the occurrence state of cobalt and cobalt-containing minerals in the whole belt isn’t sufficient，which restricts the understanding of the metallogenic process of cobalt in the belt.The detailed mineralogical observation，TIMA analysis and EPMA showed that the pyrite is the main sulfide and also an important cobalt-containing mineral in the Hengdong deposit.It exhibits a complex textural characteristics，that is，the cobalt-rich pyrite with silk-shaped，ring-shaped or irregularly at the edge replaced by the cobalt-poor pyrite at the core.The cobalt-rich pyrite has a clear oscillating zone exhibits high Co （up to 3.52%） but low Ni contents （≤0.09%）. The complex zoning indicated that fluid-coupled dissolution and precipitation mechanism was responsible for the formation of Co-rich pyrite. In comparison，cobaltite ore is the most important cobalt-bearing mineral in the Jintang cobalt polymetallic deposit，which is closely related to pyrite，marcasite，and arsenopyrite，and occurs as an isolated granular form or wrapped in arsenopyrite particles.The particle size of cobaltite is between 3 μm and 45 μm. The contents of Co，Fe，and Ni of cobalt vary from 9.51% to 23.21%（average is 15.50%），4.33% to 17.66%（average is 9.46%），and 5.52% to 15.24%（average is 9.31%），respectively.Combied with the occurrence form of cobalt in the Jingchong cobalt-copper polymetallic deposit，it could be concluded that the cobalt-containing minerals vary from cobaltite to pyrite along the Changsha-Pingjiang fault zone from southwest to northeast.Furthermore，the Co contents in cobaltite increases tend to while Ni contents decreases，and the high content of Co in pyrite decreases.The mineralizing disparity could be explained by controlling factors such as ore-forming fluid migration direction and physical-chemical conditions（e.g.，pH value and f_S2）. Combined with Co（-polymetallic） orebodies controlled by the NE-trending Changsha-Pingjiang deep fault zone，it was proposed that the southwestern part of the deep fault in Lianyunshan area would be the focus of next cobalt exploration in northeastern Hunan Province.

In order to improve the prediction accuracy of loose zone of excavation damaged zone around roadways and provide more scientific guidance for surrounding rock support and ground pressure management，a new prediction method was proposed.The improved Adaboost regression algorithm was used to integrate and optimize three machine learning algorithms，the optimal value of the error rate threshold was found to achieve the global optimal integration of Adaboost.The grid search was used to optimize the hyperparameters of BP，SVM and RF，and the regression prediction models of BP-Adaboost，SVM-Adaboost and RF-Adaboost were established.The results show that the prediction performance of BP-Adaboost is the best，it had the lowest error rate at 7.65 percent.The verification analysis was carried out based on the test example of excavation damaged zone around roadway，the results show that the mean relative error is 4.15%.Therefore，the model proposed in this paper can provide reference for the excavation damaged zone around roadway and meet the needs of engineering applications.

The distribution area of karst in China can reach about 33% of the country’s land area，therefore，in the process of tunnel excavation and construction in karst area，it is inevitable to cross the karst development location.At the same time，due to the hidden nature and irregularity of karst development，water and mud surges may occur locally in tunnel excavation，which greatly reduces the safety and stability of the tunnel and easily causes collapse accidents and threatens construction safety.To solve this problem，the geological situation of the surrounding rock needs to be fully grasped.Therefore，the evaluation of the quality of the surrounding rock is of great significance to the safety of tunnel rock design and construction.In order to scientifically and accurately evaluate the surrounding rock quality of karst tunnels，CRITIC method was used to determine the objective weight of the surrounding rock quality index affecting the tunnel in karst areas according to the measured data.The improved analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the subjective weight，and the combined weight was used to calculate the comprehensive weight of each index.Finally，the classification of surrounding rock was determined according to the fuzzy matter-element theory.Thus，the evaluation method of surrounding rock quality of tunnel in karst areas based on the comprehensive weight-fuzzy matter-element method was proposed，and this method was applied to the evaluation of surrounding rock quality of tunnel group in the seven-star data center of Tencent in karst areas.The research results show that the comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model established by introducing variance coefficients to the CRITIC method and introducing optimal transfer matrix optimization AHP method can avoid the influence of purely human subjective factors and evaluate and grade the rock quality more objectively and comprehensively.The evaluation results are in good agreement with the actual on-site grading，and the method can achieve a more scientific and accurate comprehensive determination of karst tunnel quality.The rock quality of the tunnel in this project example is mainly Ⅳ and Ⅴ surrounding rocks，which are poor and less stable，and the support of the surrounding rocks need to strengthen.

In order to realize the comprehensive recovery of valuable metals in the cyanide circulating liquid，the comparative test and analysis of acidification and SART processes（Vulcanization-Acidification-Recycling-Concentration Process） was conducted，and the application of SART process was finally determined.Then the circulating liquid generated in the cyanide gold extraction process of the domestic gold industry was purified for the first time，and the step-by-step recovery and separation and precipitation of zinc and copper in the liquid phase of the cyanidation cycle were realized.47.45% zinc mud and 54.38% copper sludge were produced respectively，and recovered with high-grade precipitate products.And the weakly complexed cyanide is converted into free sodium cyanide and then returned to the production system for recycling，thereby reducing the cost of the cyanidation process.The application of SART process not only realizes the recovery of valuable metals，reduces the cost，but also solves the employment problem，reduces the pressure of subsequent smelting and environmental protection，and achieves good economic，environmental and social benefits.

With the intellectualization of mining equipment，its reliability problem is becoming more and more prominent，and has become an important topic in the mining industry.In this work，the method combining fuzzy fault tree analysis and Monte Carlo simulation was proposed to analyze the reliability of the intelligent shovel system for actual operation in the Sanshandao mine.By analyzing the performance of the system and its operation condition in the mine，the main factors affecting the reliability of the intelligent shovel operation system were determined.Taking the operation failure of the intelligent shovel system as the top event，16 intermediate events，as well as 33 bottom events，were determined，and a fault tree model was established through field investigation，literature review and expert discussion，etc.Using the method of fuzzy set theory，the language values were transformed into fuzzy numbers according to the corresponding affiliation functions by the results feedback from 10 experts.Then，the fuzzy number was transformed into the corresponding probability of brittle failure and probability of failure by using the formula of fuzzy number，upon which the probability of occurrence of the bottom event was obtained.Based on the occurrence probability of each bottom event，the quantitative analysis of the fault tree was carried out to obtain the minimum cut set of the fault tree.Thus，the probability of failure of intelligent shovel operation was calculated，and its value is 0.3481%，which is in line with the actual situation of production.In order to obtain the dynamic law of system reliability with time，the Monte Carlo simulation method was used based on the established fault tree model.The simulation parameters and process were set reasonably，and the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm was written，upon which the mean time to failure，reliability and unreliability curves and system failure probability curves were obtained.Through the analysis of the results，the effective running time and the change in the failure probability of the system were judged，which can provide a reference for the maintenance of the equipment.Moreover，the simulation importance of the bottom events was also calculated.The results indicate that the management reason（operation specification failure） and personnel reason（information communication failure） have the greatest impact on system reliability，and the most influential mechanical reasons are operation device failure and brake system aging.Managing from the above events，the probability of system failure can be effectively reduced.The results are consistent with the actual engineering situation，which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.This work can provide a reference for the production and operation of the mine and can be promoted in mines and other industries.

The formation of the Dayingezhuang gold deposit involves the coupled effects of tectonic deformation，pore-fluid transport，heat transfer，and hydrogeochemical reactions.In this paper，FLAC^3D nume-rical simulation software and modern mineralization rate concept were used to carry out numerical simulation of force-heat-fluid-chemical coupling of Dayingezhuang gold deposit，so as to explore the controlling effect of fracture structure，bulk deformation，and chemical process coupling on the emplacement of gold orebody.The simulation results demonstrate the following findings： From the perspective of physical process，the steep-slow transition and its local undulation zones along the Zhaoping fault tend to develop larger volume strains with differences of up to 1% compared to the surrounding rocks.This uneven strain distribution leads to the formation of uneven ore-holding spaces and pore pressure variation distribution.Significantly differences between high values of positive and negative pore pressure gradients are observed near the zones with large volume strains，while the differences in other zones are less notable.From the perspective of chemical process，mineralizing fluids tend to converge and stagnate at sites with high volume strain during their migration from the deep to the shallow parts.This convergence of mineralizing fluids leads to a greater precipitation of gold orebodies （mineralization rate less than 0），indicating the occurrence of intense water-rock reactions.In contrast，the areas where the mineralizing fluids don’t converge exhibit a predominance of positive mineralization rate dis-tribution，suggesting the absence of significant gold orebody precipitation.Furthermore，the ROC curve analysis with an AUC value of 0.815 provides quantitative evidence of the strong correlation between the mineralization rate and known gold orebodies，suggesting that this coupling of multiple physical-chemical processes at the same sites may be a key factor governing the formation of Dayingezhuang gold deposit. Based on these observations，it can be inferred that the deep-seated regions of Dayingezhuang deposit hold considerable mineralization potential.

As a typical process industry，the mining of underground metal mines depends on the smooth operation of the ore transportation link，and the unmanned mine truck bears an indispensable and important responsibility in the ore transportation link，so the intelligent scheduling and management of the unmanned mine truck is the key to ensure the smooth production of the mine.There are few studies on the scheduling and management of unmanned mine trucks，and it is difficult to meet the new requirements brought by the increasing degree of unmanned mine trucks.Based on the analysis of the current situation of cluster intelligent scheduling strategy，scheduling business flow，and data integration system for unmanned mining trucks in a certain underground mine in Gansu province，an integrated system platform for intelligent decision-making，automatic scheduling，and process control serving unmanned mining trucks scheduling was proposed.In response to the transformation of unmanned mining trucks scheduling mode and two traffic control challenges，corresponding intelligent scheduling strategies were designed，and the overall architecture was designed.Some functional modules were designed，including scheduling console，real-time monitoring，scheduling visualization，and production management.The system platform has been successfully applied to the mine through the intelligent transformation of the mine truck，the construction of the intelligent dispatching system，and the development of the system.The application results show that the existing traffic control problems have been solved and the dispatching efficiency has been improved by 7.18% with the help of the intelligent dispatching system with the core of vehicle end scheduling algorithm，single-lane collision avoidance algorithm and merging truck algorithm.It provides a centralized and unified management and use platform for data，breaks the information island，and greatly improves the data utilization rate.Through vocational work split and process drive，the scheduling modular management is realized.The successful application of the platform has innovated the dispatching mode，supplemented the research in relevant fields，provides an important reference for the intelligent transformation of underground mines，and also provides reference experience for the development of cluster dispatching management system platform across equipment categories and production areas.

Based on stakeholder theory and social exchange theory，this paper analyzes the impact of resource-based enterprises’ fulfillment of social responsibility on enterprise performance from two aspects of cost payment and benefit inflow，and discusses human capital from the aspects of information communication efficiency and resource allocation efficiency.Using the panel data of China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed resource-based companies from 2011 to 2020，this paper conducts an empirical analysis on the relationship between corporate social responsibility（CSR） and corporate performance，and constructs a regression model of curve adjustment effect to investigate the impact of human capital quality on corporate social responsibility.The study found that the impact curve of CSR on the performance of resource-based enterprises is an inverted U-shaped of first promoting and then suppressing，appropriate CSR performance of resource-based enterprises can significantly improve performance，while excessive CSR performance of resource-based enterprises will damage performance.The quality of human capital has a significant moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship between corporate social responsibility and resource-based enterprise perfor-mance.The possession of high-quality human capital in resource-based enterprises will significantly reduce the negative impact of corporate social responsibility on performance，improve the positive impact to a limited extent，make the curve form smoother，and shift the inflection point to the right.This study has important enlightenment significance for guiding resource-based enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities.

As a micro-unit combination of geotechnical engineering， rock will be accompanied by complex AE signals and damage evolution characteristics during the loading process.In order to analyze the AE characteristics and damage evolution law of green sandstone under external load， a two-dimensional damage cell model of green sandstone was established based on acoustic emission，according to the self-organization， clustering behavior and power law distribution characteristics of rock damage evolution，combined with the structural characteristics of sandstone， fractal theory and Weibull distribution function.The results show that： The linear mutation of the axial stress curve of green sandstone sample in the plastic deformation stage at the late loading stage is the final result of the failure of the sample， and the failure value is 48.5 MPa. At this stage， large cracks are formed due to the combination of microcracks，resulting in the absence of event rate.This phenomenon is the precursor feature of the failure of the sample，and the main failure modes are single-bevel shear failure and double-bevel shear failure.The forming crack is shear crack.The three stages of loading damage of the sample are similar to the characteristics of AE signals.In the damage initiation stage， due to the internal microdefects of the sample affected by mine production， damage evolution will be formed at this stage， but the interval damage value is 0.41， which is lower than the unstable damage value of the established cellular model（0.43）.No failure or instability failure occurs until the damage deformation stage.When the damage value increases to 0.599 （greater than 0.43）， instability failure occurs in the sample， and the damage value rapidly increases to 1.Therefore， it can be concluded that the two-dimensional cellular model established by the relevant laws and theories of rock damage evolution can reflect the mechanical failure process and damage evolution law of bluestones under external loads， which can provide reference for related studies.

After mining operations，a large number of broken ore pillars will be left behind，forming a group of ore pillars.The group of ore pillars is of great significance for safe underground operations and the recovery of ore pillars resources.Under the influence of high ground stress，geological weak surface structure，free face generation，blasting vibration and other factors，the ore pillars group is very prone to instability，collapse，resulting in disaster of a large area of instability ore pillars group，thus causing great harm to underground workers and equipment.In order to strengthen the safety control of the mine pillars group，the stability analysis was carried out based on the renormalization group theory and Bayesian network.The renormalization group is a scaling transformation group.The self-similarity transformation of the basic unit can be used to describe the whole system，which is similar to the process in which the instability of a single pillar ultimately leads to the instability of the pillars group.Bayesian network can also overcome the uncertainty in the process of the instability of the pillars group.Therefore，based on the renormalization group theory and Bayesian network，the stability analysis model of pillars group was established.A pillars group in Tongkeng mine was taking as the research object.Firstly，the critical instability probability of the pillars group was derived based on the two-dimensional renormalization group model.Secondly，the multiple logistic regression model was used to deduce the calculation formula of the instability probability of a single pillar，then the stability，instability and instability probability of the pillar was calculated，and the stability probability of a single pillar was input into the Bayesian network to obtain the instability probability of the pillars group.Finally，by comparing with the critical instability probability of the pillars group obtained from the two-dimensional renormalization group model，the stability group of the pillars group was obtained.The research results show that this method can more accurately obtain the instability probability of the ore pillars group，and by defining the stability probability of a single ore pillar to carry out Bayesian network probability inversion and sensitivity analysis on the ore pillars，can design the optimal mining route of the ore pillars，and achieve safe，efficient and low loss recovery of pillars resources in the panel.This method can also provide reference for stability analysis and pillars resource recovery of similar mine pillar groups.

At present，the evaluation system and methods of green mine construction in the gold industry are not perfect.On the one hand，in most studies，when establishing the index system，the internal relations between indicators were ignored，and only the influencing factors related to green mine construction in general were listed.On the other hand，most of the models lack completeness when establishing the evaluation model， they only evaluate the construction results at a certain time point without showing the change trend of the construction process.Based on the framework model of driving forces，pressure，state，impact and response，the evaluation index system of green mines in gold industry was constructed to express the internal relationship between indicators more intuitively.In building the evaluation model，the subjective and objective combination weighting method was introduced so as to make the index weight meet the subjective expectations of the decision-makers and the objective judgment requirements of the inconsistency between the indicators.The TOPSIS coupling coordination model was introduced to quantitatively evaluate the space-time evolution process of green mine construction and the coupling coordination among subsystems，and the main obstacle factors affecting the green mine construction of enterprises were analyzed，providing guidance countermeasures for the improvement of green mine construction of enterprises.Through the analysis of an actual case of a gold mine in Shaanxi Province，it is concluded that the green mine construction of the general system of the mine and the coupling and coordination degree between the subsystems are steadily increasing，the construction of each subsystem is fluctuating.The industrial production capacity（C₁），the energy consumption（C₅），the mine environment（C₉），and the mineral processing（C₁₁） are the main obstacles in the construction process，which are consistent with the actual construction of the mine，and the applicability of the model is verified.The evaluation index system established in this paper clarifies the function mechanism of each index of green mine construction，which helps enterprises flexibly respond to a series of related factor changes caused by a certain index change.The established evaluation model improves the defect of subjective influence on the evaluation results in the traditional evaluation，highlights the internal connection and coordination between the evaluation indicators，makes the evaluation process and results more fair and reliable，and provides an effective way to promote the sustainable development of the gold industry mining industry.

Rock joints have significant influence on the propagation of stress waves in jointed rock mass.Study on the propagation law of stress waves in jointed rock mass is of great practical significance and theoretical value for rock blasting，earthquake engineering and explosion protection.The code was written by FISH language to modify the normal stiffness of micro-joints in the smooth joint model，and a particle flow model of rock joints with nonlinear deformation characteristics was established.The propagation characteristics of stress waves across single nonlinear deformed joints were analyzed，and the influence laws of joint stiffness，stress wave amplitude and stress wave frequency on the transmission and reflection coefficients were obtained.The interaction mechanism between stress wave and joint was revealed from microscopic perspective.The results show that the joint equivalent stiffness has a great influence on transmission and reflection coefficients of the stress wave.The larger the equivalent stiffness is，the larger the transmission coefficient is，and the smaller the reflection coefficient is.When the joint stiffness reaches a certain critical value，the transmission coefficient increases slowly and tends to a constant value.With the increase of the amplitude of incident wave，the transmission coefficient is increasing and reflection coefficient is decreasing.The stress wave transmission coefficient decreases with the increase of incident wave frequency，and the joint shows high frequency filtering.

The vibration caused by blasting is likely to cause instability and failure of facilities such as underground roadways，high and steep slopes in mining areas or ground buildings under dynamic action.Therefore，it is particularly important to predict the intensity of blasting vibration.The accurate prediction of peak particle velocity（PPV） is the premise of effectively controlling the vibration hazard of blasting engineering，but the current empirical formula for predicting the peak particle velocity is not accurate enough.Machine learning has obvious advantages in solving the problem of nonlinear relationship.In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the PPV prediction model，this study proposes to optimize the number of trees and the minimum number of leaf points in the random forest （RF）by slime mould algorithm （SMA） ，which overcomes the inability to obtain the optimal hyperparameters by using a single RF algorithm.Based on a dataset of 23 samples with four input parameters （minimum resistance line-r，height difference-H，maximum segment dose-Q_max，horizontal distance-W） and one output parameter（PPV） collected in an open-pit blasting engineering example，the combination of four parameters of these four parameters （Q_max-H-W-r、Q_max-H-r、Q_max-W-r、Q_max-r） was used as the input parameters in the RF algorithm，and then MAE，RMSE，MEDEA and R² evaluate the prediction effect of the SMA-RF model for four different input parameters to determine the optimal combination of parameters.In this model，the fitness function in SMA is defined as the root mean square error of the predicted value to enhance the robustness of the RF model.Then，the performance of SMA-RF model and unoptimized RF model and six empirical formulas commonly used in China and abroad were compared.The results show that the SMA-RF model has better prediction accuracy than the RF model，and the SMA-RF model has significantly better prediction effect than the six empirical formulas.In addition，Q_max-H-W-r can train the optimal SMA-RF model in the combination of four parameters，so it is recommended to be used to predict PPV in engineering practice.

In recent years，with the decrease of land mineral resources，the development of marine minerals has become a global emerging industry，especially the mining of coastal bedrock deposits under the sea，has been the focus of mining development in various countries.For large-scale mining under the sea，the movement and deformation of the submarine rockbody poses a major threat to mining safety.It is important to pay attention to the deformation damage of the surrounding rock，which is important to realize the safe and efficient production of submarine mines. In order to study the deformation and damage characteristics of the surrounding rocks of the underground mine body in the Xinli mining area，the 55 exploration line perpendicular to the mine body was used as the monitoring profile，and the roadway roofs of -200 m，-240 m，-320 m，-400 m，-480 m，and -600 m sublevels were monitored by the underground four-level monitoring system that has been deployed since December 2015.The vertical displacements of the surrounding rocks in sublevels of the roadway at -200 m，-240 m，-320 m，-400 m，-480 m and -600 m were monitored for a long time，and the time series data of the settlement of the roadway roof in each sublevel were obtained.The deformation of the surrounding rock caused by metal ore mining is a complex mechanical problem.By analyzing the multi-year monitoring results，several significant characteristics of underground settlement are revealed.（1）The deformation caused by mining of the orebody in sublevel at different depths of the seabed shows a large influence range on the rock mass of the fault hanging wall，while the influence range on the footwall rock mass is small.（2）The closer to the orebody（or the ore-control fault F₁） the greater the subsidence of the rock body，forming the feature that the slope of the curve to the left of the maximum settlement point in the settlement curve is larger in absolute value，while the slope of the curve to the right is slightly smaller in absolute value.（3）The final subsidence curves of the six sublevels in the line 55 profile have similar shapes and are generally asymmetric funnel-shaped，with the -200 m sublevel and the -240 m sublevel having a gentle bottom of the cumulative subsidence curve，which is similar to a “pot”，while the -320 m，-400 m，-480 m and -600 m sublevels have a “funnel” shaped subsidence curve.This phenomenon is related to the mining activities in the mine area.（4）The single settlement value in any monitoring period in the sublevel at any depth has the characteristics of up and down fluctuation，which reflects the non-linear characteristics of settlement deformation to a certain extent.The practice of seabed mining in Sanshandao gold mine confirms that：Since 2005，with the expansion of mining scale，the increase of mining intensity and the extension of mining years，the deformation of some of the underground tunnels is serious，and the movement and deformation of the underground surrounding rocks may cause seawater to gush into the tunnels along the damaged rocks，thus threatening the life safety of mining personnel.The study concluded that the thickness of the orebody，mining depth，mining intensity，surrounding lithology and rock structure as well as filling effect in the Xinli mining area are potential factors affecting the deformation of the surrounding rock in the mining of the inclined orebody.Among them，the presence of the controlling fault F₁ in the mine area directly affects the shape of the surrounding rock deformation curve，and this deformation feature should be considered in future production work as well as safety maintenance work（roadway repair work） to prevent from affecting productivity or even generating safety accidents.

With the rapid development of digital economy in the world，how to realize the rapid optimal allocation of underground mine production equipment has become the key to the continuous advancement and in-depth application of digital mine.In view of the characteristics of underground mines such as limited space，limited equipment resources，and large production tasks，an optimization model was constructed for production planning of the follow-up filling mining method in the open pit using pre-controlled roof medium-and deep-hole and sublevel open-stopping and subsequent filling method.The model aims at minimizing the interval time between adjacent processes and the total production time，and the above issue is solved using genetic algorithms.The genetic algorithms used for solving the problem include traditional genetic algorithms and optimized genetic algorithms.Taking the actual data of a copper mine test stope in Zambia as an example，it can be seen from the iterative results that all genetic algorithms can solve the model，and the optimized genetic algorithm converges faster than the ordinary genetic algorithm.The genetic algorithm accelerated by heuristic algorithm has the fastest convergence speed.Therefore，the heuristic genetic algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective optimization model and the results are visualized.After analyzing the solution results，it is found that the average utilization rate of equipment is only 49.16%，and the utilization rate of some equipment is low，so the number of equipment is optimized.After the number of equipment was optimized and solved again，the average utilization rate of mine equipment increased to 64.8%，basically meeting the requirements of the mine.In terms of production，the daily average ore output is 3 631.19 t/d，which meets the mining demand and effectively shorts the operation time interval to ensure the requirements of mining safety.In addition，copper and cobalt sunrise ore grade fluctuation is small，easy to concentrate.Therefore，the algorithm and model can quickly and effectively solve the problem of multi-equipment coordination in a copper mine in Zambia，improve production efficiency and safe mining.

Canister for high-level radioactive waste is a core part in nuclear waste disposal barrier，and its static and dynamic stability during transportation，installation，and deep buried operation is of great importance.A silicon carbide（SiC） material based canister was proposed in this paper.The material has remarkable chemical stability，but its brittleness may be the key to restrict it application.In oder to investigate the static and dynamic stability of this canister，series of numerical simulations were performed using discrete element method，considering the physical nature of rock blocks and characteristics of interactions between rock and canister.The tensile strength characteristics of SiC was first investigated via specially designed lab and numerical tests.Comparison with analytical results has proved the reliability of adopted numerical method.The influence of disposal depth and horizontal to vertical stress ratio was then investigated.The dynamic loading behaviour pattern and basic failure mode of canister under free fall and rock impact were investigated，and the influence of rock fragmentation was mainly considered.The results show that the silicon carbide material is relatively brittle，with tested tensile strength between 150 MPa and 200 MPa，compared to its very high compressive strength.The tensile strength of silicon carbide was chosen 150 MPa for safety reason in later analysis.However，this value of 150 MPa is higher than the tensile or even compressive strength of ordinary rocks.The canister can survive under 1 200 m depth，horizontal to vertical stress ratio of 3 with several disposal inclination angles.Under free fall，the maximum tensile stress in canister is determined by falling height and inclination angle.Upon rock fall without rock splitting，the maximum tensile stress in canister is determined by rock weight and contact type between rock and canister.Inclusion of rock splitting in model calculation can produce stress much lower than by traditional continuum method.The tip of the rock will crack first once the rock is hitting the canister，leaving the canister safe in the first place，which is different from that in continuum analysis.This implies the energy dissipation between rock blocks due to fracturing of rock during rock impact is not negligible.As the cohesion and residual friction angle between rock blocks increase，the stress induced in canister also increases，while the tension makes limited contribution to elevated stress.Another interesting finding is that as the rock block volume ratio gets smaller，the stress induced by impacting rock decreases first but then keeps to a constant value once certain threshold is reached.This suggests by reaching certain rock block volume ratio may be enough to reproduce dynamic impact-induced cracking，instead of decreasing rock block size constantly.Although local failure is expected under dynamic impact，a soft buffer layer with certain thickness outside the canister can guarantee static and dynamic stability of SiC canister together with appropriate emplacement.

The Huaniushan gold deposit is located in the south of Beishan orogenic belt.The orebody is hosted in the contact zone between the Indosinian K-feldspar granite veins and marble.The mineralization process can be divided into early skarn stage and late quartz sulfide stage（main metallogenic stage）.The fluid inclusion properties of quartz and calcite in the main metallogenic period indicate that the ore-forming fluid has the characteristics of medium-low temperature，medium salt，medium-high density，and with CO₂ and CH₄，which belongs to the H₂O-CO₂-NaCl system.The temperature-salinity characteristics indicate that the ore-forming fluid is the mixture of magmatic water and atmospheric precipitation.The average value of δ¹³C_V-PDB，δ¹⁸O_V-PDB and δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW of calcite is 1.7‰，-22.5‰ and 7.69‰，respectively，and the O isotope strong differentiation suggest that magmatic water mixed with atmospheric precipitation to form ore-forming fluids.The average value of sulfur isotope δ³⁴S of pyrite in the ore is -9.73‰，and its large negative value may be related to the surrounding rock strata，indicating that the sulfur source of the deposit may be a mixed source of magma and strata.The metallogenic depth and pressure features hint that the Huaniushan gold deposit belongs to the shallow metal-logenic depth.Comprehensive analysis shows that Huaniushan gold deposit is a medium-low temperature hydrothermal metasomatic （skarn type） gold deposit.Summarily，in the late Triassic，Huaniushan area expe-rienced multi-stage post-orogenic lithospheric extension and mantle-derived magma underplating，the ore-forming fluid produced in the deep and moved upward along the fracture，reacted with the surrounding rock and mixed with atmospheric precipitation.With the pressure decreasing，the ore-forming materials were precipitated and enriched，and initiated the gold mineralization.

When the traditional limit equilibrium method is used for slope reliability analysis，because of the performance function is implicit and the form is complicated，the iterative process of solving the function becomes complicated and the computational efficiency is low.Aiming at the above problems，a CNN-LSTM model method was proposed.The principle of this method is to first extract the data features by using convolutional neural network（CNN），and then predict the slope failure probability by using short and long time memory network（LSTM）.On the basis of fully considering the value range of the CNN-LSTM model’s hyperparameters，the five-factor and four-level orthogonal test table was used to design the hyperparameters.Finally，the convolutional output dimension of the first layer and the second layer of the CNN network architecture in the CNN-LSTM model were determined to be 64 and 8 respectively.Dropout ratio is 0.5，the number of the first layer of the LSTM structure is 5 units and the number of the second layer of hidden layers is 20 units，respectively.The 420 slope sample data collected from central and western regions of China were used to train the model according to the ratio of 7∶3 between the training set and the verification set，and the optimal parameters of the CNN-LSTM model were obtained. Finally，Yanshanji landslide was taken as an example to illustrate the feasibility of the model method.The CNN-LSTM model was compared with Monte Carlo method（MCS），response surface method，single CNN，LSTM model and multiple linear regression model in terms of computational efficiency and failure probability prediction.The results show that：（1）When the MCS sampling times is 10 000，compared with the traditional MCS，although the CNN-LSTM model has a relative error of 4.35% in predicting the slope failure probability，in terms of computational efficiency，the CNN-LSTM model takes 45.28 s and the MCS takes 119 s，so the CNN-LSTM model increases the efficiency nearly 2 times.（2）When the single CNN model and LSTM model both adopt two-layer architecture，although the number of parameters of the CNN-LSTM model is not optimal，it has excellent performance in terms of calculation time and prediction accuracy of failure probability due to the small overfitting risk of the model.Compared with the multiple linear regression model，the relative error of CNN-LSTM prediction is 4.35%，and that of multiple linear regression is 34.78%.Through the above two points，the CNN-LSTM model can well complete the analysis of slope reliability，and avoid solving the implicit performance function，and the work efficiency is high.

The Wulong gold mine in Liaodong has been mined for more than 80 years，the reserve of mining resources has seriously declined，and the problem of insufficient reserve resources is particularly prominent.It is urgent to identify the deep and peripheral mineral resources in the mining area.Through the measurement of transient electromagnetic method（TEM）in the northwest and southeast sides of the v163 ore vein and the south side of the No.100 fault，the corresponding 2D and 3D geoelectric models were constructed，and the charac-teristics of low resistance anomalies in the mining area were analyzed.Combined with previous achievements，the genetic types of gold deposits and the next exploration direction were inferred.The results show that the low resistance area on the P0 section in the northwest direction of the v163 ore vein is caused by a group of fine-grained diorite veins，including the northwest section of the v163 ore vein，which is highly likely to belong to the quartz vein type mineralization.The low resistance area in the 3D geoelectric model on the south side of the No.100 fault corresponds to the Dagudingzi gold deposit.The deep scale of the low resistance area on the north side increases，and the anomaly is not closed，indicating that the deep part of the north side of the area has a good prospecting prospects and it is worthy of further work.In the 3D geoelectric model in the southeast direction of the v163 ore vein，the low resistance anomaly value is significantly lower in magnitude than the former two，suggesting that it is caused by an alteration zone.After the engineering verification hole，it is revealed that there are multiple layers of discontinuous silicified altered rocks vertically in this area，with a maximum thickness of 41 m.The alteration types include silicification，sericitization，chloritization，and varying degrees of pyrite mineralization.This research indicates that there are not only quartz vein type gold orebodies in the Wulong gold deposit，but also altered rock type gold，which may be the main direction of the next pros-pecting in the mining area.

The Baishi W-Cu deposit is a medium-sized quartz vein type deposit formed in Indosinian in southern Jiangxi Province.It belongs to the Nanling metallogenic belt.Although it had been exploited since the founding of the People’s Republic of China，few studies have been done on ore-forming mass.The Baishi granite is the main magmatic rock exposed in the mining area and it is recognized as the ore-forming rock.The Baishi granite has undergone carbonation，chlorite，and muscovite alteration.The Baishi granite has obvious tungsten and copper mineralization.In order to probe into the magma genesis and its relationship with metallogenesis，this study conducted detailed geochemical analysis for the Baishi granite.From the feature of the major elements，the Baishi granite has relatively high SiO₂ contents （71.59%~75.36%），total alkali content（Na₂O+K₂O：6.28%~7.45%），aluminum saturation index（A/CNK：1.71~2.11） and differentiation index（DI：81.53~90.39）.It can be inferred that the Baishi granite is peraluminous granite and it has a high degree of differentiation.In the characteristics of rare earth elements，the Baishi granite exhibits obvious enrichment of light rare earth elements，relative depletion of heavy rare earth elements（LREE/HREE=9.94~12.29） and obvious Eu negative anomaly（δEu=0.28~0.57）.Additionally，in the diagram of trace element spider pattern，the Baishi granite is relatively enriched in large ion lithophile elements，such as Rb，Th and U，and depleted in high field strength elements，such as Nb and Ti.While Ba is depleted relative to Rb.The geochemical characteristics mentioned above and relevant geochemical diagrams of the Baishi granite display obvious characteristics of differential S-type granites.Based on the comprehensive analysis，it can be concluded that the Baishi granite is formed in the intraplate environment.The Baishi granite’s magma source is crust and it is mainly derived from the pelite.In addition，the fractional crystallization plays more important role in its forming process than partial melting.In terms of the tectonic setting，the Baishi granite was formed in the extensional environment after the Indosinian orogeny.More and more studies have shown that the Indosinian mineralization played an important role in W and Sn mineralization in South China，and the Baishi granite is closely related to the Indosinian mineralization in South China.

With the booming development of big data and Internet of Things technology，traditional mines have developed to smart mines and intelligent mines，and unmanned technology has been gradually applied to mining areas.In order to solve the problem that the rockfall detection of unstructured road in open-pit mine area has complex environment，large difference in rockfall size and similar color between rockfall and unstructured road surface，a rockfall detection model of mining road based on weighted bidirectional feature fusion was proposed.First，the SimAM attention mechanism is added to the backbone network，this attention mechanism is different from the previous channel attention mechanism and spatial attention mechanism，it can effectively eliminate the interference of the background environment without adding additional parameters，so that the model can focus more on the target characteristics of rockfall.Second，the weighted bidirectional feature pyramid（BiFPN）structure was used to realize multi-scale feature fusion in the neck.Since the PANet structure in the YOLOv5s network model only adds or splice the characteristics of the pyramid structure in the melting process，the bidirectional feature weighting was combined with the bidirectional feature of the weight and adaptive adjustment to ensure that the network model attaches proper importance to the rock ebaissees different sizes and different levels and realizes the addition between the low-level position information and high-level semantic information for multiple cross-layer weighted feature fusion，thus enhancing the feature extracion ability of the model for rockfall of different sizes.Finally，the lightweight convolution GSConv module was introduced into the col，which can be used to process function cards at this time，not only reducing redundant information，but also avoiding compression.The GSConv lightweight convolution module is based on deep separable convolution（DSC），ordinary convolution（SC） and channel shuffle operation，which improves the detection speed of the model by effectively reducing the complexity of the model.The experimental results show that the average detection accuracy of this algorithm reaches 92.8%.and the detection speed reaches 63.1FPS.Compared with the current fastest R-CNN，YOLOv4-tiny，YOLOv7 and YOLOv5s algorithms，the average detection accuracy is increased by 17.0，13.6，3.4 and 2.5 percentiles，and the detection speed is increased by 32.2，1.4，14.6 and 2.6 FPS，respectively.Moreover，the model size of the algorithm is only 12.9 MB，which is easy to deploy on mobile devices.Therefore，the algorithm can realize the real-time and accurate detection of unstructured road rockfall in mining area，and ensure the safe driving of unmanned mining card.

Deep well large-scale mining is one of the important development trends of mining methods at home and abroad，but this mining method also faces the threat of complex ground pressure disasters.Based on the requirements for the design of microseismic monitoring system in Chambishi copper mine，a typical deep well large-scale distributed mining mine，the distributed microseismic monitoring system design scheme was studied in this paper.Deep well large-scale mining will inevitably lead to the dispersion of underground monitoring equipment.Because the microseismic data acquisition substations at different locations are running underground，due to the continuous accumulation of network delays，there will be large time synchronization errors，and the time synchronization errors will cause the microseismic events originally occurring in the south mining area to be located in the north mining area or in unrelated areas，so that the true location of ground pressure disasters cannot be accurately monitored.In addition，the microseismic monitoring software will carry out statistical analysis of all the monitored events when carrying out quantitative statistical analysis，and the ground pressure disaster activity characteristics in different regions have nonlinear characteristics，so it is necessary to carry out statistical analysis of data separately.In view of the difficulties in the design of distributed microseismic monitoring system，two key technologies have been researched and developed based on the existing microseismic monitoring system technologies.One is the high-precision time synchronization technology to solve the time synchronization problem of ultra long-distance distributed equipment，and the other is the monitoring data spatial filtering technology to solve the data analysis of ground pressure disaster activities in different regions.Based on the application of the above key technologies，the design concept of the distributed microseismic monitoring system was realized.At the same time，the network numerical calculation tool was used to simulate the system positioning accuracy of the distributed microseismic monitoring design scheme.The key data required by the microseismic monitoring network analysis tool are three-dimensional coordinate information of the sensor position，sensitivity value of the sensor，seismic wave velocity，P-wave variance and arrival error variance.Based on the above data，the positioning error was calculated numerically，and finally the three-dimensional cloud map of the positioning error in the central area and the surrounding area of the monitoring station network was obtained.The network analysis results show that the design scheme meets the monitoring needs of actual ground pressure activities，thus verifying the feasibility of the design scheme.The solution can be applied to the same type of mines and has certain promotion value.

The harmless treatment process of cyanide-containing gold tailings were used as the subject of study.The Life Cycle Assessment （LCA） method was applied to construct evaluation models for two options to quantitatively assess the environmental load and resource consumption of tailings press washing，filter residue treatment and filtrate treatment.The results show that：（1） The tailings toxicity level in Option 2 is 98.5% lower than that in Option 1，but does not achieve a lower overall environmental impact；（2） The main environmental issue in Option 1 is freshwater ecotoxicity，while the environmental impacts in Option 2 are，in descending order，resource depletion，freshwater ecotoxicity and human toxicity；（3） The Thiocyanide reduction with Fenton and dry stacking of tailings in Option 1 are the main links that affect the overall environment with the dry stacking of tailings contributing over 50% to human non-carcinogenic toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity，and the cyanide removal with Fenton from tailings in Option 2 is the most central issue in all 14 environmental impact indicators.The large number of chemicals used in both options is a major element of the environmental impact while electrical energy shows low environmental impact.The transfer of environmental impacts from Option 1 to Option 2 occurs in terms of form，volume and linkage.In terms of overall environmental impact，the treatment of tailings can move towards pharmaceutical reduction and the use of clean，environmentally friendly substances.

In engineering operations such as geothermal development and utilization in high-temperature rock formations，underground coal gasification，multiple oil extractions，underground disposal of high-level radioactive waste，and protection and restoration of important buildings after fires，rocks often experience thermal shock due to drastic temperature changes.Thermal shock refers to the phenomenon where an object undergoes a large amount of heat exchange in a short time due to rapid heating or cooling，resulting in the generation of thermal shock stress within the object.To investigate the impact of thermal shock on the dynamic fracture behavior of high-temperature granite，the granite was heated to three different temperature levels of 100，300，600 ℃，followed by cooling using three different methods of furnace cooling，air cooling，and water cooling to provide different cooling rates，resulting in varying degrees of thermal shock within the granite samples.The notched semi-circular bend （NSCB） specimens of the granite samples subjected to thermal shock treatment were tested using a split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） system for dynamic fracture behavior.The fracture pattern of the specimens was recorded using a high-speed camera.The results show that with the increase in specimen temperature and cooling rate，the dry density and longitudinal wave velocity of the specimens decrease significantly，and the porosity increase.Under thermal shock，the dynamic fracture toughness value of the specimens decreased significantly.At the same loading rate level，the dynamic fracture toughness value of the water-cooled specimens is lower than that of the air-cooled specimens，indicating that the crack propagation resistance of rock materials decrease when subjected to dynamic impact.Furthermore，at loading rates higher than 130 GPa·m^0.5/s，the effect of thermal shock on fracture toughness is more pronounced.By analyzing the relationship between dynamic fracture toughness and loading rate，a power law function with a good fitting degree is obtained，revealing the impact of thermal shock on dynamic fracture toughness.Therefore，this study provides valuable reference for the stability of rock formations in cooling treatment projects involving high-temperature rocks，contributing to the design and management of engineering operations such as geothermal development and utilization，underground coal gasification，multiple oil extractions，underground disposal of high-level radioactive waste，and protection and restoration of important buildings after fires.

Rare earths are listed as crisis minerals，key raw materials or strategic minerals by countries around the world.Taking the trade networks of main rare earth products as the research object，the research gets trade data of 7 kinds of rare earth products from 54 major countries（or regions） during the period of 2009—2020，and the evolution of 7 rare earth products trade networks was compared by social network analysis，and the basis of trade network formation mechanism was explained by using the Exponential Random Graph Model（ERGM） analysis method.The conclusions are as follows：（1）Trade network links of some rare earth products，such as rare earth mineral substances，compounds of rare-earth metals，Ferro-cerium and permanent magnet，are getting tight.While the overall structures of all the networks are still relatively loose.Trade networks of all rare earth products have a high community structure and connectivity，showing a small world property but gradually weakening.（2）In the trade networks of 7 rare earth products，it can be easily found that huge trade volumes are controlled by a few countries，with an obvious center-periphery phenomenon.Rich Club Phenomenon is significant in trade networks of rare earth metals，rare-earth compounds，cerium compounds，Ferro-cerium and Ferro-alloys.（3）Countries’ performance in Degree Centrality remain stable.Germany and China are both core countries，but Germany’s advantage is weakening while China strengthening.（4）Influences of mutualism，multi-connectivity，transitive closure，convergence and expansionary structural effects on trade network evolution of 7 rare earth products are significantly heterogeneous.The research results provide policy enlightenment for China to strengthen the strategic research and judgment of the new pattern and new situation of global rare earth product trade and alleviate economic and trade frictions.