高应力扇形中深孔采场边帮控制爆破参数优化

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2024.03.001

Abstract

Abstract:

At present，most of the fan-shaped hole stope blasting is difficult to achieve direct control of the sidewalls，and fan-shaped holes due to the special characteristics of its own structure can not be avoided to cause a certain amount of over-excavation or under-excavation.Aiming at the problem of controlling the sidewalls of the blasting of fan-shaped holes in the stope，a concept of constructing the fan-shaped holes close to the sidewalls into vertical parallel holes for controlling the sidewalls was proposed.Sidewall controlled blasting technology generally utilizes air-uncoupled charge structures to achieve.The model parameters of four groups of parallel boreholes under the uncoupling coefficient and spacing matching were obtained by theoretical calculation.The numerical simulation was carried out by LS-DYNA，and the blasting crack propagation of the four groups of models without in-situ stress and in different directions of in-situ stress was compared.The stress conditions of the three schemes are different.In scheme 1，four models are numerically simulated under the condition of no ground stress.In scheme 2，when the direction of the maximum horizontal stress is the same as that of the stope layout，30 MPa is loaded in the X direction and 60 MPa in the Y direction.In scheme 3，when the direction of maximum horizontal stress is perpendicular to the direction of stope layout，60 MPa is loaded in X direction and 30 MPa is loaded in Y direction.After analyzing the blasting crack propagation and blasting effect，it is found that high geostress promotes the propagation of blasting cracks in the direction of the maximum stress.When the stope is arranged parallel to the direction of maximum horizontal stress，the propagation of blasting cracks in the rock between the lines of the blast holes is promoted，which is beneficial to the breaking of rock.The propagation of blasting cracks in the rock between the blast hole and the surrounding rock will be restricted，which is beneficial to the protection of the sidewalls.When the stope is arranged vertically along the direction of the maximum horizontal stress，the propagation of blasting cracks in the rock is promoted，which is not beneficial to the protection of the sidewalls.Therefore，the direction of the stope layout should be the same as the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stresses.Statistics on the four models of excavation area damage rock，the uncoupling coefficient of 1.65，neighboring parallel hole spacing of 1.1 m is the most reasonable.Industrial experiments were carried out in the test stope，using the optimized blasting parameters for blasting，and the sidewalls were smooth and stable after the stope was mined，which verified the reasonableness of the blasting scheme.

Key words: sidewall controlled blasting, high geo-stress, theoretical calculations, numerical simulation, fan-shaped hole, blasting crack propagation

CLC Number:

TD235

Bo LI, Chen WEN, Xiuzhi SHI. Optimization of Stope Sidewall Controlled Blasting Parameters for High-Stress Fan-Shaped Medium-Depth Hole[J].Gold Science and Technology, 2024, 32(3): 511-522.

Figures/Tables 21

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 1

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 2

Table 3

RHT model parameters"

参数	取值	参数	取值	参数	取值
$ρ 0$	2 800 kg/m3	$A 2$	45 GPa	$Q 0$	0.68
$P e l$	43.3 MPa	$A 3$	16.7 GPa	B	0.05
$P c m o p$	6 GPa	$B 0$	1.4	$β c$	0.0098
N	3.0	$B 1$	1.4	$β t$	0.013
$α 0$	1.1	$T 1$	32.1 GPa	$ε o c$	3e-5
$A 1$	32.1 GPa	$T 2$	0	PTF	0.001
$f c$	130.0 MPa	$ε o t$	3e-6	$D 1$	0.04
$f t *$	0.11	$ε c$	3e25	$D 2$	1.0
$f s *$	0.22	$ε t$	3e25	$ε p m$	0.001
G	21.1 GPa	$g c *$	0.53	$A f$	0.25
A	2.45	$g t *$	0.7	$n f$	0.62
N	0.74	ξ	0.5	EPSF	2.0

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.15

Fig.16

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模型	不耦合系数K	炮孔间距L /m
1	1.36	1.44
2	1.65	1.13
3	2.11	0.84
4	2.88	0.58

参数	数值	参数	数值
密度/（kg·m^-3）	2 800	泊松比μ	0.23
抗拉强度/MPa	14.28	黏聚力/MPa	28.66
单轴抗压强度/MPa	130.0	内摩擦角/（°）	44.97
弹性模量/GPa	52.13

参数	数值	参数	数值
ρ_e /（kg·m^-3）	1 150	R₁	5.78
V_d/（m·s^-1）	4 000	R₂	2.08
PCJ/GPa	4.6	ω	0.03
A/GPa	177	e₀/GPa	7
B/GPa	9.9

方案编号	加载模型	初始应力条件
方案1	模型1	无地应力
	模型2
	模型3
	模型4
方案2	模型1	X方向30 MPa，Y方向60 MPa
	模型2
	模型3
	模型4
方案3	模型1	X方向60 MPa，Y方向30 MPa
	模型2
	模型3
	模型4

Optimization of Stope Sidewall Controlled Blasting Parameters for High-Stress Fan-Shaped Medium-Depth Hole

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