一体化聚能水压爆破技术在软弱围岩隧道的应用

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.06.053

Abstract

Abstract:

There are few rugged plains in southwest China，and tunnel construction plays an important role in southwest China.However，when the tunnel is excavated by blasting in grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ weak surrounding rock，the traditional continuous charge smooth blasting technology often has problems such as over-excavation，low footage rate and large fragmentation after blasting.In order to solve such problems，based on the principle and application status of shaped water pressure smooth blasting technology，an axial porous shaped charge tube was designed.The integrated shaped water pressure structure was formed by alternately arranging the water bag and cartridge in the tube with detonating cord and digital electronic detonator.Four kinds of tests were carried out in the Ⅳ surrounding rock area of Mengsheng tunnel in Yunnan Province，including continuous charge smooth blasting，water bag interval smooth blasting，air interval smooth blasting and shaped water pressure smooth blasting.In order to maintain comparability，15 holes at the vault position were selected for the four tests.The blasting effect was checked one hour after blasting，and the blasting technical indexes such as single cycle footage，half-hole rate and overbreak and underbreak were measured by using range finder，tape and benchmark.The test results show that the half-hole rates of continuous charge smooth blasting，water bag interval smooth blasting and air interval smooth blasting are 13%，45% and 38% respectively，and the footage of one cycle is 3.40 m，3.50 m and 3.45 m respectively.The surrounding rock of the contour surface is broken and there is overbreak and underbreak phenomenon，while the half-hole rate of the shaped water pressure smooth blasting with integrated charge structure is 62%.The contour of a test area with a cycle footage of 3.60 m is relatively flat，there is no obvious over-excavation phenomenon，and the gravel after blasting is small.The comparison between the control test groups verifies the superiority of the energy-gathering structure based on plastic pipe research and development.The field application shows that the new shaped water pressure blasting has a significant effect on the flatness control of the surrounding contour of the weak surrounding rock tunnel.While reducing the number of boreholes and the amount of explosives，it maintains the integrity of the surrounding rock.It is an environmentally friendly and energy-saving controlled blasting technology.

Key words: smooth blasting, tunnel excavation, weak surrounding rock, shaped water pressure blasting, integrated charging structure

CLC Number:

U455.6

Huilian GAN, Xinwen JIANG, Zhiwei CHEN, Yongxin QIAO, Shuhua CHEN, Jianguo WANG. Application of Integrated Shaped Water Pressure Blasting Technology in Soft and Weak Surrounding Rock Tunnels[J].Gold Science and Technology, 2023, 31(6): 944-952.

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参数名称		数值
单轴抗压强度/MPa	单值1	24.30
	单值2	36.70
	单值3	22.90
	平均值	28.00
抗拉强度/MPa	单值1	4.61
	单值2	4.47
	单值3	5.07
	平均值	4.72
抗剪强度（直剪）	黏聚力/MPa	7.02
抗剪强度（直剪）	内摩擦角/（°）	31.80
单轴压缩变形	静弹性模量/（×10⁴ MPa）	5.55
单轴压缩变形	泊松比	0.20

炮孔类型	炮孔深度/m	炮孔个数/个	炮孔间距/m	孔径/mm
合计	-	125	-	-
周边孔顶拱	4.0	15	0.4~0.5	40
周边孔左帮	4.0	10	0.4~0.5	40
周边孔右帮	4.0	10	0.4~0.5	40
内圈孔	3.5	30	0.6	40
辅助孔	3.5	36	0.5~0.7	40
掏槽孔	4.5	16	0.4~0.6	40
底板孔	4.5	8	1.0~1.2	40

参数名称	数值	参数名称	数值
炮孔位置	拱顶	平均炮孔间距/mm	0.7
孔径/mm	50	单孔药量/kg	0.9
炮孔深度/m	4	总药量/kg	13.5
炮孔个数/个	15	延期时间/ms	950
炮孔角度/（°）	90

参数名称	数值	参数名称	数值
外径/mm	38.50	开口高度/mm	3.00
内径/mm	34.50	长管长度/m	1.2
壁厚/mm	2.00	短管长度/m	0.6

装药结构类型	孔间距/m	每孔药量/卷	水袋/个	延期时间/ms
连续装药光面爆破	0.4~0.5	4	无	950
水袋间隔光面爆破	0.5~0.9	3	8	950
空气间隔光面爆破	0.5~0.9	4	无	950
聚能水压光面爆破	0.5~0.9	3	8	950

Application of Integrated Shaped Water Pressure Blasting Technology in Soft and Weak Surrounding Rock Tunnels

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爆破方案	周边孔数/个	循环进尺/m	半孔痕数/个	半孔率/%	超欠挖/m	装药量/kg	轮廓平整度
连续装药光面爆破	15	3.40	4	13	±0.20	18.0	较差
水袋间隔光面爆破	15	3.50	8	45	±0.10	13.5	一般
空气间隔光面爆破	15	3.45	7	38	±0.15	18.0	一般
聚能水压光面爆破	15	3.60	15	62	基本无	13.5	较好

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