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Gold Science and Technology ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 333-342.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.03.115

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Application Research of TRT Technology in the Detection of Goaf in an Underground Mine

Feng GAO(),Yindong HE(),Xin LI   

  1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering，Central South University，Changsha 410083，Hunan，China
  • Received:2021-08-14 Revised:2022-03-11 Online:2022-06-30 Published:2022-09-14
  • Contact: Yindong HE E-mail:csugaofeng@csu.edu.cn;heyindong@csu.edu.cn

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Abstract:

Geological disasters such as collapse of tunnel roof or wall and water inrush seriously threaten the life and property safety in the underground mine.It is particularly important to predict the geological conditions ahead before excavation.Based on advanced prediction，the discontinuous structures such as broken zones，weak interlayers and goafs can be found in time. Then， the geological disasters can be greatly reduced under effective measures，which is of great significance to the safe，economic and efficient mining of mines.It is discovered that the No.5 stope in the deep granite porphyry area of an underground gold-copper mine collapsed with a suspected goaf，which caused great potential safety hazards to subsequent production.Tunnel Reflection Tomography （TRT） technology，as a medium and long-distance advanced prediction technology，has the advantages of low-loss materials，convenient operation，safety and stability，and it is currently being gradually promoted and used in mines.In this paper，the TRT6000 system was applied to complex empty areas detection of this gold-copper mine，including 6 detection points distributed in 3 middle sections.Furthermore，a space three-dimensional model was established to make up for the lack of demonstration and observation of the imaging results of the TRT system.By comparing the results obtained from the interpretation of the TRT with the drilling results available，it can be found that the area covered by the borehole is basically consistent with the results of the advanced prediction of the TRT.The established three-dimensional space model intuitively reflects the distribution range of problem area such as broken zone and mined-out area，so that mine producers can have a clearer understanding of the specific situation.The TRT prediction results are basically consistent with the detection drilling results，which proves the feasibility of TRT advanced geological prediction technology in underground mines.The three-dimensional model is innovatively established to visually demonstrate and observe the TRT interpretation results，and achieved a good result.It provides ideas and directions for the visualization of TRT results interpretation.

Key words: Tunnel Reflection Tomography（TRT） technology, detection of goaf, advanced prediction, seismic waves, three-dimensional model, broken zone

CLC Number: 

  • TD166

Table 1

Main components of TRT6000 advanced geological prediction system"

主要部件数量/个
传感器10
无线传输模块11
主计算机1
基站1
触发器1
触发器导线1

Fig.1

Working principle and connection diagram of instrument"

Fig.2

Arrangement of seismic sources and sensors and their positional relationship with the test target area"

Fig.3

Layout drawing of all test points"

Table 2

Layout of test points"

测点编号标高/m具体地点描述测点布置对巷道的要求
100 m中段6#矿房北侧凿岩巷道巷道长度有限
200 m中段5#矿房北侧凿岩巷道巷道长度有限
35050 m中段东翼运输巷道符合设备要求规格
45050 m中段东翼回风巷道非独头巷道，构建虚拟掌子面
5100100 m中段东翼运输巷道符合设备要求规格
6100100 m中段东翼回风巷道非独头巷道，构建虚拟掌子面

Fig.4

Interpretation result graph"

Fig.5

Drilling location"

Table 3

Drilling hole information and drilling results"

序号钻孔编号位置信息钻探结果
①100ZK609100 m中段运输巷道掌子面，方位角为90°，水平孔17 m处漏水，18.5 m开始断断续续为空洞，没有岩心，用钻机油压就可以推进钻杆，至24 m岩心管断在孔内
②50ZK50150 m中段运输巷道近掌子面处，方位角为0°，倾角为30°向下孔口至约32 m岩心采取率低，32 m以后岩性较完整，矿石品位较好
③50ZK501-150 m中段运输巷道掌子面，方位角为90°，倾角为45°向下下钻过程中发现31~34 m钻孔被上方垮落岩石埋住，提钻、下钻困难
④50ZK50350 m中段运输巷道近掌子面处，方位角为0°，水平孔孔口至约22 m采取率低，局部有空洞，漏水，出现漏风（热风，疑似老硐的气味）
⑤50ZK50550 m中段运输巷道近掌子面处，方位角为45°，水平孔孔口至29.6 m岩石较破碎，出现空洞，岩石采取率极低；29.6~39.96 m岩石较破碎，局部采取率较低
⑥50ZK50650 m中段运输巷道近掌子面处，方位角为0°，倾角为60°向下孔内塌孔严重，施工岩心破碎甚至为泥状，无法钻进
⑦50ZK50850 m中段运输巷道近掌子面处，方位角为90°，水平孔下钻过程中发现12 m开始钻孔被上方垮落岩石埋住，9.20~18.20 m采取率较低，18.20~19.45 m为泥状物

Table 4

Comparison of interpretation results and drilling results"

测点

编号

预报结果钻探结果

预报

效果

1推断掌子面前方10~40 m岩石破碎，可能含水，判断此区段为疑似垮落区域无钻孔覆盖-
3结合现场地质情况推断震源点正下方15~30 m往北位置空区出露的可能性较大根据钻孔50ZK506、50ZK501、50ZK503和50ZK505探测情况可以肯定5#矿房（震源点正下方）往北方向大约30 m区段岩石极破碎，甚至部分岩性段出现了空洞。孔内有热风吹出，推断此区段存在贯穿至0 m的裂隙甚至局部发育成小空洞吻合
推断掌子面前方10~50 m范围内岩石破碎，特别是10~30 m范围内，岩石完整性极差，有进一步坍塌的可能性根据钻孔50ZK508探测情况推断，50中段运输巷（3号探测点）延伸方向没有空洞，但存在与空洞区相互联通的裂隙较吻合
推断掌子面前方0~20 m、中心线下10~20 m范围内偏东南方向岩石较为破碎，可能存在局部空区根据钻孔50ZK501-1探测情况，推断掌子面0~32.45 m岩石较破碎较吻合
4推断掌子面前方36~45 m范围内岩石较为破碎，可能存在空区，并往南延伸无钻孔覆盖-
5推测掌子面前方15~30 m处岩石完整性较差，裂隙发育，可能存在空区根据钻孔100ZK609探测情况，推测掌子面前方18.5 m存在空区，且存在贯穿50 m中段空洞破碎区的裂隙，裂隙一直贯穿至0 m塌陷区较吻合

Fig.6

Three-dimensional modeling diagram"

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