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Gold Science and Technology ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 761-770.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.05.152

• Mining Technology and Mine Management • Previous Articles    

Study on Gold Extraction from a Carbon-bearing Fine-grained Refractory Gold Ore by Flotation Process

Tianjiao WU(),Huan CAO(),Fangyin NIU,Jianping JIN,Haijun WANG,Jun CHEN,Yaru WEI   

  1. Xi’an Northwest Geological Institute for Nonferrous Metals Co. ,Ltd. ,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China
  • Received:2020-08-24 Revised:2021-09-10 Online:2021-10-31 Published:2021-12-17
  • Contact: Huan CAO E-mail:77096499@qq.com;1443479028@qq.com

Abstract:

Carbon-bearing gold ores account for more than 20% of the total gold deposits in China,so the treatment technology of carbon-bearing gold ores has been widely concerned.The flotation of carbon-bearing gold deposits mainly adopts the two following technologies,one is to remove carbon first then float the gold-bearing minerals,the other is to float carbon and gold-bearing minerals together.In the process of carbon removal,some gold is often lost in the carbon ore,resulting in a low total gold recovery.Therefore,it is of great significance to carry out the research on the direct flotation technology of carbon-bearing gold ores.The content of a carbon-containing fine-grained gold is 5.56×10-6.The gold mainly exists as naked or half naked and silicate package gold,and the grain size of the gold inlay is uneven.Natural gold is closely related to fine-grained cryptocrystalline quartz and carbon,and most of them are wrapped in carbon-containing siliceous slate clastics as fine particles.The harmful element carbon in the ore is relatively high,the organic carbon and graphite content is 1.33% and 1.50% respectively,which is a typical carbon-containing refractory gold mine.In order to realize the pre-enrichment of this refractory carbon-bearing gold ore by flotation,different technological processes such as carbon flotation followed by flotation gold and direct flotation gold were investigated and the conditions of direct flotation were optimized.The results show that higher grade gold concentrate can be obtained by direct flotation.According to the condition optimization test,the gold concentrate with a gold grade of 30.01×10-6 and a recovery rate of 76.18% can be obtained when the grinding fineness is -0.074 mm ac-counting for 85%.Its gold concentrate grade and recovery are both higher than the condition of grinding fineness is -0.074 mm accounted for 75%.The results also prove that the reason why the gold containing carbon is difficult to be treated is that the carbon and gold are closely related and belong to fine grain.By adjusting the structure of the technological process,the gold concentrate with 33.45×10-6 gold grade and recovery of 79.93% can be obtained by adopting a coarse grinding flotation-sweep concentrate and then grinding flotation.Compared with the index of one-time grinding process with ginding fineness of -0.074 mm accounting for 85%,this pro-cess is better,and the reduction of grinding energy consumption is reduced,making it an appropriate treatment process for this ore.

Key words: carbon-bearing gold ore, fine-gained gold, refractory gold mine, mineral processing enrichment, flotation process, stage grinding

CLC Number: 

  • TD953

Table 1

Results of multi-element analysis of raw ore/%"

成分含量成分含量
Au*5.56CaO4.72
Ag8.30MgO2.23
Pb0.010Al2O32.31
Cu0.016K2O0.57
Zn0.028Na2O0.058
TFe2.10P0.29
V2O50.38WO30.060
TiO20.15As0.022
Co0.0014Bi0.0001
Ni0.013SiO267.39
Sb0.007TC6.84
Mn0.040LOI9.90
S0.81Hg*0.47
Ba0.91

Table 2

Results of phase analysis of gold"

金物相含量/(×10-6占比/%
合计5.59100.00
裸露—半裸露金2.3842.58
碳酸盐包裹金0.264.65
赤褐铁矿包裹金0.468.23
硫化物包裹金1.0618.96
硅酸盐包裹金1.4325.58

Table 3

Results of phase analysis of carbon"

碳物相含量/%占比/%
合计6.39100.00
碳酸盐中碳3.5655.71
有机碳1.3320.81
石墨碳1.5023.47

Table 4

Size screening analysis results of raw ore with grinding fineness of -0.074 mm accounts for 75%"

粒级/mm产率/%金品位/(×10-6金占有率/%
合计100.005.46100.00
+0.07426.293.0114.49
-0.074+0.03824.932.9913.65
-0.038+0.01914.918.6323.56
-0.019+0.0109.494.537.87
-0.01024.399.0540.43

Fig.1

Test process of slurry pH adjustment agent type"

Table 5

Results of slurry pH adjusting agent type test"

调整剂种类及 用量/(g·t-1产品名称产率/%金品位 /(×10-6金回收率 /%

不添加调整剂

pH=6.5

粗精矿22.0316.8068.11
中矿4.296.905.45
尾矿73.681.9526.44
合计100.005.43100.00

Na2CO3,2 000

pH=7.5

粗精矿17.5522.8070.30
中矿5.607.407.28
尾矿76.851.6622.42
合计100.005.69100.00

石灰,2 000

pH=8.5

粗精矿20.8019.8973.03
中矿8.105.527.89
尾矿71.101.5219.08
合计100.005.66100.00

H2SO4,1 840

pH=6.0

粗精矿21.6517.5070.23
中矿7.206.508.67
尾矿71.151.6021.10
合计100.005.40100.00

Fig.2

Results of lime dosage test"

Table 6

Results of activator type test"

活化剂种类及用量

/(g·t-1

产品名称

产率

/%

金品位

/(×10-6

金回收率

/%

不添加活化剂粗精矿19.0021.4671.58
中矿3.056.303.37
尾矿77.951.8325.05
合计100.005.70100.00

(NH42SO4,1 000

CuSO4,400

粗精矿20.8020.4575.35
中矿4.155.864.31
尾矿75.051.5320.34
合计100.005.65100.00
(NH42SO4,1 000粗精矿21.4019.1672.68
中矿3.655.683.67
尾矿74.951.7823.65
合计100.005.64100.00
CuSO4,400粗精矿22.3018.9577.23
中矿3.155.943.42
尾矿74.551.4219.35
合计100.005.47100.00

Fig.3

Results of copper sulfate dosage test"

Table 7

Results of inhibitor type test"

抑制剂种类及用量

/(g·t-1

产品名称

产率

/%

金品位 /(×10-6

金回收率

/%

不添加抑制剂粗精矿25.7516.6378.18
中矿7.453.664.98
尾矿66.801.3816.84
合计100.005.48100.00
CMC,100粗精矿27.4015.8378.19
中矿8.253.435.1
尾矿64.351.4416.71
合计100.005.55100.00
(NaPO36,500粗精矿20.2518.8171.96
中矿4.75.394.79
尾矿75.051.6423.25
合计100.005.29100.00
Na2SiF6,500粗精矿21.7018.5174.79
中矿5.155.275.05
尾矿73.151.4820.16
合计100.005.37100.00
水玻璃,1 000粗精矿21.9017.9073.42
中矿4.454.753.96
尾矿73.651.6422.62
合计100.005.34100.00

Table 8

Results of collector type test"

捕收剂种类及用量

/(g·t-1

产品名称

产率

/%

金品位

/(×10-6

金回收率

/%

Y89

140+70+70+70

粗精矿17.5521.8170.74
中矿3.507.114.60
尾矿78.951.6924.66
合计100.005.41100.00
丁基黄药, 140+70+70+70粗精矿11.3522.8068.49
中矿3.407.714.82
尾矿80.251.8126.69
合计100.005.44100.00
异戊基黄药, 140+70+70+70粗精矿20.2020.4475.13
中矿4.804.724.12
尾矿75.001.5220.75
合计100.005.50100.00
乙基黄药, 140+70+70+70粗精矿15.0024.8768.13
中矿3.008.674.75
尾矿82.001.8127.12
合计100.005.47100.00

Table 9

Results of isoamyl xanthate dosage test"

异戊基黄药用量

/(g·t-1

产品名称

产率

/%

金品位

/(×10-6

金回收率

/%

60+30+30+15粗精矿15.9021.5067.59
中矿2.907.234.15
尾矿81.201.7628.26
合计100.005.06100.00
100+50+50+25粗精矿19.7519.7973.89
中矿3.407.713.46
尾矿80.251.8122.65
合计100.005.44100.00
140+70+70+35粗精矿20.4519.8175.27
中矿3.255.743.47
尾矿76.301.521.26
合计100.005.38100.00
180+90+90+45粗精矿22.2518.0575.34
中矿3.154.562.69
尾矿74.601.5721.97
合计100.005.33100.00

Fig.4

Results of grinding fineness test"

Fig.5

Flowsheet of closed-circuit flotation under the condition of grinding fineness(-0.074 mm accounted for) is 85%"

Table 10

Results of closed-circuit test"

磨矿细度产品名称

产率

/%

金品位

/(×10-6

金回收率

/%

-0.074 mm含量占比85%精矿14.7130.0176.18
尾矿85.291.6223.82
合计100.005.79100.00
-0.074 mm含量占比75%精矿16.4026.0875.83
尾矿83.601.6224.17
合计100.005.63100.00

Fig.6

Flowsheet of adjusted closed-circuit flotation test"

Table 11

Results of closed-circuit test of coarse concentrate regrinding"

产品名称产率/%金品位/(×10-6金回收率/%
金精矿15.8543.1144.80
金精矿27.6026.0235.13
尾矿228.351.919.62
尾矿158.201.0110.45
原矿100.005.63100.00

Table 12

Phase analysis results of tailings gold"

相类含量/(×10-6相率/%
合计1.77100.00
裸露—半裸露金0.1810.17
碳酸盐包裹金0.2715.25
赤褐铁矿包裹金0.2614.69
硫化物包裹金0.4726.55
硅酸盐包裹金0.5933.33
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