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Gold Science and Technology ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 315-323.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.02.104

• Mining Technology and Mine Management • Previous Articles    

Experimental Research on Treatment of Low-grade Gold-bearing Tailings by Combined Process of Concentration and Smelting

Dawei FENG1,2(),Ling WANG1()   

  1. 1.School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China
    2.Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recycling and Extraction of Metals，Beijing 100083，China
  • Received:2020-06-10 Revised:2021-03-29 Online:2021-04-30 Published:2021-05-28
  • Contact: Ling WANG E-mail:dwfeng@ustb.edu.cn;greentech2008@126.com

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Abstract:

In order to recover gold from solid waste efficiently，a combined beneficiation and metallurgical test was carried out on gold-bearing tailings.The results of chemical analysis show that the gold content in solid waste is 0.86 g/t.Process mineralogy showes that the main gold minerals are tellurite ore，tellurium-gold-silver ore and gold-bearing tellurium-silver ore，followed by natural gold and silver-gold ore.In the original ore sample，gold is mainly produced in the form of sulfide wrapped gold，accounting for 51.72%，followed by bare gold，accounting for 31.03%，a small amount of gold is produced in the form of quartz wrapped gold，accounting for 17.24%.The original ore sample was vibrated to the particle size of -0.074 mm accounted for 98.15%.According to chemical phase analysis，gold is still mainly produced in the form of sulfide wrapped gold，accounting for 50.00%，with little change.Part of gold is produced in the form of bare gold，accounting for 41.86%，and a small amount is produced in the form of quartz wrapped gold，accounting for 8.14%.It can be seen that grinding can obviously improve the leaching rate of gold.If gold is recovered by flotation，the recovery rate of gold can be increased.At the same time，it can also be seen that the recovery rate of gold is less than 50% by direct cyanidation leaching method，and the gold in the ore sample needs to be recovered by the combined process of concentration and smelting.The flotation gold concentrate pretreatment leaching process for gold concentrate should be adopted to recover gold.The closed circuit process of “one roughing-two sweeping-two cleaning” was adopted.Gold concentrate with the yield of 14.23%，gold grade of 5.21 g/t and gold recovery of 86.21% can be obtained.When the gold concentrate is grinded to -0.037 mm accounted for 70.12%，the leaching rate of direct cyanide gold is 41.60%.The main barrier effecting the gold leaching is that most gold is wrapped by pyrite and gold minerals are mainly tellurite，tellurite，gold-bearing silver tellurite，etc.The oxidizing roasting-leaching improved the leaching rate effectively.The suitable conditions for the oxidation roasting cyanidation leaching of gold concentrate are：The temperature of oxidation roasting is 750 ℃，the roasting time is 60 min，and the fineness of the roasting sand is -0.037 mm accounted for 85%，pulp concentration is 33%，pulp pH value is 10.5，sodium cyanide dosage is 10 kg/t，leaching time is 24 h.Under these conditions，the cyanide leaching rate is of gold is 73.76%，compared with the direct cyanide index of gold concentrate （cyanide leaching rate is 41.60%），the cyanide leaching rate of gold is increased by 32.16%.

Key words: gold concentrate, leaching, solid waste, roasting, process mineralogy

CLC Number: 

  • TD852

Table 1

Main chemical composition of a gold-bearing tailings"

组分含量/%组分含量/%
Au*0.86SiO253.70
Ag*8.21Al2O314.15
Pb0.12CaO2.63
Zn0.38MgO1.95
Cu0.16K2O3.62
Fe9.29Na2O0.95
S8.44C0.53
As<0.005

Table 2

Chemical phase results of gold in raw ore samples without grinding"

相别含量/（g·t-1）分布率/%
合计0.87100.00
裸露金0.2731.03
硫化物包裹金0.4551.72
其他矿物包裹金0.1517.24

Table 3

Chemical phase results of gold after vibration milling"

相别含量/（g·t-1）分布率/%
合计0.86100.00
裸露金0.3641.86
硫化物包裹金0.4350.00
其他矿物包裹金0.078.14

Fig.1

X-ray diffraction pattern of ore samples"

Table 4

Mineral composition and relative content of the mineral samples"

矿物名称含量/%矿物名称含量/%
黄铁矿15.31石英34.50
毒砂0.06长石16.80
黄铜矿0.46云母14.50
方铅矿0.13绿泥石10.30
闪锌矿0.55方解石5.40
褐铁矿0.60其他矿物0.84
磁铁矿0.55合计100.00

Fig.2

Electron backscatter image and X-ray energy spectrum analysis of minerals"

Table 5

Quantitative distribution of gold in different gold minerals"

金矿物面积分布率/%比重质量分布率/%
合计100.00-100.00
碲金矿9.219.217.74
碲金银矿60.899.0550.31
含金碲银矿2.999.052.47
银金矿17.5915.6025.05
自然金9.3216.9514.43

Fig.3

Flowsheet of grinding fineness test"

Table 6

Results of grinding fineness test"

磨矿细度 （-0.074 mm占比）/%产品 名称产率 /%金品位 /（g·t-1）金回收率 /%
80精矿16.283.0758.11
尾矿83.720.4341.89
原矿100.000.86100.00
85精矿16.493.2062.08
尾矿83.510.3837.92
原矿100.000.85100.00
90精矿20.972.9271.20
尾矿79.030.3128.80
原矿100.000.86100.00
95精矿20.673.6888.44
尾矿79.330.1311.56
原矿100.000.86100.00
98精矿21.603.4286.91
尾矿78.400.1413.09
原矿100.000.85100.00

Fig.4

Flowsheet of open circuit test"

Table 7

Results of open circuit test"

产品名称产率/%金品位/（g·t-1）金回收率/%
精矿12.365.3077.07
精2尾0.812.842.71
精1尾4.121.406.63
扫1精5.761.006.78
扫2精3.990.361.69
尾矿72.960.065.12
原矿100.000.85100.00

Fig.5

Principle test flowsheet of direct cyanide leaching（a）and oxidation roasting leaching（b）of gold concentration"

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