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Gold Science and Technology ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 425-432.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.03.425

• Mining Technology and Mine Management • Previous Articles    

Current Situation and Prospect of Destressing Techniques in Deep Mine

Feng LIU1,2,3(),Zhaokun WANG1,Fengshan MA2,Bo WANG1,Jianbo WANG3,Chunlei DONG1   

  1. 1. Shandong Gold Group Co. ，Ltd. ，Jinan 250100，Shandong，China
    2. Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering，Institute of Geology and Geophysics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100029，China
    3. Deep Mine Laboratory of Shandong Gold Group Co. ，Ltd. ，Laizhou 261442，Shandong，China
  • Received:2018-07-24 Revised:2018-12-10 Online:2019-06-30 Published:2019-07-09

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Abstract:

Presently，the mines in domestic and foreign had been on the stage of deep mining.The high ground stress characteristics emerged and frequent dynamic geological hazards of mines happened，such as rock burst，which increased the difficulty of mining deep mineral resources.The rock bolt，anchor-mesh and other hard support which were used in shallow mines cannot achieve ideal governance effect，at the same time repair rate and maintenance cost was also high.Hence，it was imperative to carry out the study of deep mine destressing technology.This paper mainly introduced the destressing theory and destressing technology，summarized the current main destressing methods at home and abroad，and revealed the advantages and disadvantages of existing destressing methods.On this basis，some suggestions were put forward for the research methods and future research direction of destressing technology.Destress is one of the most effective ways to solve the high ground stress concentration in the deep part of the mine.Its basic principle was to improve the stress and energy release in the local surrounding rock by certain technical means，reduced the stress and energy concentration and the possibility of the instability of the deep rock mass.At present，the main destressing technologies at home and abroad include hydraulic destressing，borehole destressing，excavation destressing groove or destressing roadway and blasting destressing.The advantage of hydraulic destressing lied in increasing pore water pressure of rock mass and reducing effective stress and shear strength of rock mass，which was conducive to rock fracture expansion.However，the water injection pressure was relatively small，so good destressing effect cannot be achieved in hard rock area.The design of borehole destressing took fewer parameters into consideration and the parameters can be easily determined.However，the destressing of boreholes has a small range of influence.To achieve the desired effect of destressing，the number of boreholes was large，the construction time was long，and the construction schedule was also affected.The destressing groove or destressing roadway shall be determined in the direction of excavation and the distance from the high stress area.When the distance was too large，the destressing effect cannot be achieved.When the distance was too small，the size of destressing groove or destressing roadway was larger，which will lead to more obvious fracture and deformation of rock mass and is not conducive to rock mass stability.The blasting destressing process was simple，the effect was good，and the disturbance to the shallow surrounding rock was small.However，there were few studies on the mechanism of rock mass disturbance at present，and it was difficult to determine the influence range of blasting destressing pressure.The determination of reasonable and feasible destressing methods and parameters was the precondition and foundation for the field destressing. Similar material simulation and numerical simulation are the main methods for the research of destressing methods and parameters.The physical simulation can basically satisfy the similarity of geometric shape and mechanical parameters，but cannot achieve the simulation of factors such as ground stress，pore water pressure and structural surface，resulting in the deviation of the simulation results.The numerical simulation was relatively convenient and intuitive，and can simulate any mine engineering activities，which was widely used in determining the optimal parameters.Therefore，the main research direction of future pressure relief technology was to use numerical simulation method and combine various destressing methods to deal with complex geological conditions.

Key words: destressing techniques, destressing theories, destressing parameters, numerical simulation, similar simulation, fractured Zone, blasting destress, stress transfer

CLC Number: 

  • P694

Fig.1

Methods to reduce excessive stress in mines[7] "

Fig.2

Schematic diagram of destressing principle[8] "

Fig.3

Mechanism of blasting destressing[28] "

Fig.4

Application of destress blasting [7] "

Table 1

Comparison of different distressing techniques"

卸压技术特点 优点 缺点
水力卸压 增大岩体孔隙水压力，降低岩体的有效应力及抗剪强度，有利于岩石裂隙扩展 注水压力相对较小，水力卸压在软岩或裂隙发育区域可取得较好的效果
钻孔卸压 钻孔卸压设计考虑参数较少，参数易于确定 钻孔卸压影响范围较小，要达到理想的卸压效果必然导致钻孔数量多、施工时间长
卸压槽/卸压巷 施工工艺简单 卸压槽/卸压巷距应力集中区距离难以确定
爆破卸压 施工工艺简单、卸压效果好，对浅部围岩扰动小 爆炸对岩体扰动机理研究较少，爆破卸压影响范围确定比较困难
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