The process of material particle fragmentation in impact crushers is inherently complex，posing challenges in quantifying and characterizing particle crushing behavior.This study aims to investigate the influence of crushing parameters on the impact crushing characteristics and energy consumption of material particles，thereby elucidating the underlying crushing mechanisms of impact crushers.An analytical method grounded in an active impact crushing experiment was proposed to examine the crushing characteristics of material particles. Firstly，to address the discrepancy between passive impact experiments，which are commonly employed，and the active impact crushing behavior of materials in impact crushers，this study involves the design and development of an active impact crushing experimental apparatus powered by compressed air.This device is intended to investigate the impact crushing behavior of material particles under active impact conditions. Subsequently，impact crushing experiments were conducted utilizing limestone particles of varying initial sizes as test subjects.These experiments were performed under different impact velocities to analyze the crushing patterns of the limestone particles，the degree of fragmentation，the sand formation rate，and the specific energy consumption per unit of produced sand. The findings indicate that an increase in impact velocity leads to the formation of a greater number of cracks upon impact，thereby resulting in finer fragmented particles. The impact velocity exerts a substantial influence on the average particle size of the crushed product. As the impact velocity increases，there is a corresponding reduction in particle size，leading to a gradual decrease in the average particle size.The most pronounced reduction is observed within the velocity range of 22.4 m/s to 34.0 m/s and particle size range of 22 mm to 25 mm. Beyond this range，as the impact velocity continues to rise，the rate of sand formation deceleration becomes evident. Notably，when the impact velocity exceeds 55.0 m/s，there is a marked increase in the specific energy consumption per unit of sand produced.Taking into account both the rate of sand formation and the specific energy consumption，the optimal impact effect for limestone particles is attained at an impact velocity of approximately 55.0 m/s.

http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2024/1005-2518/1005-2518-2024-32-6-1068.shtml