Characteristics of Cobalt-bearing Minerals in Hydrothermal Cobalt Deposits in Northeastern Hunan Province and Their Implication for Mineralization
Received date: 2022-09-13
Revised date: 2022-11-22
Online published: 2023-09-20
A series of hydrothermal cobalt polymetallic deposits in northeastern Hunan Province occurr along the Changsha-Pingjiang fault zone，the middle section of the Jiangnan orogen belt. These deposits are hosted in the tectonic-hydrothermal alteration belt at the footwall of the Changsha-Pingjiang fault zone，and controlled by the fault zone and its secondary structures.However，the occurrence state of cobalt and cobalt-containing minerals in the whole belt isn’t sufficient，which restricts the understanding of the metallogenic process of cobalt in the belt.The detailed mineralogical observation，TIMA analysis and EPMA showed that the pyrite is the main sulfide and also an important cobalt-containing mineral in the Hengdong deposit.It exhibits a complex textural characteristics，that is，the cobalt-rich pyrite with silk-shaped，ring-shaped or irregularly at the edge replaced by the cobalt-poor pyrite at the core.The cobalt-rich pyrite has a clear oscillating zone exhibits high Co （up to 3.52%） but low Ni contents （≤0.09%）. The complex zoning indicated that fluid-coupled dissolution and precipitation mechanism was responsible for the formation of Co-rich pyrite. In comparison，cobaltite ore is the most important cobalt-bearing mineral in the Jintang cobalt polymetallic deposit，which is closely related to pyrite，marcasite，and arsenopyrite，and occurs as an isolated granular form or wrapped in arsenopyrite particles.The particle size of cobaltite is between 3 μm and 45 μm. The contents of Co，Fe，and Ni of cobalt vary from 9.51% to 23.21%（average is 15.50%），4.33% to 17.66%（average is 9.46%），and 5.52% to 15.24%（average is 9.31%），respectively.Combied with the occurrence form of cobalt in the Jingchong cobalt-copper polymetallic deposit，it could be concluded that the cobalt-containing minerals vary from cobaltite to pyrite along the Changsha-Pingjiang fault zone from southwest to northeast.Furthermore，the Co contents in cobaltite increases tend to while Ni contents decreases，and the high content of Co in pyrite decreases.The mineralizing disparity could be explained by controlling factors such as ore-forming fluid migration direction and physical-chemical conditions（e.g.，pH value and fS2）. Combined with Co（-polymetallic） orebodies controlled by the NE-trending Changsha-Pingjiang deep fault zone，it was proposed that the southwestern part of the deep fault in Lianyunshan area would be the focus of next cobalt exploration in northeastern Hunan Province.
Juntao NING , Baoliang HUANG , Guojun DONG , Yueqiang ZHOU , Zhuolong GAO , Bo KANG . Characteristics of Cobalt-bearing Minerals in Hydrothermal Cobalt Deposits in Northeastern Hunan Province and Their Implication for Mineralization[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2023 , 31(4) : 531 -545 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.04.118
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