[an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive]
[an error occurred while processing this directive]
Mineral Exploration and Resource Evaluation

Occurrence Characteristics of Lithium Rare Light Metal Clay-type Deposits in Balunmahai Basin of Qaidam Basin

  • Tong PAN , 1 ,
  • Jianzhou CHEN , 2, 3 ,
  • Chengwang DING 2, 3 ,
  • Yuliang MA 2, 3 ,
  • Hui LIANG 4 ,
  • Tao ZHANG 2, 3 ,
  • Xiaochun DU 2, 3
Expand
  • 1. Qinghai Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
  • 2. The Fourth Geological Exploration Institute of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
  • 3. Qinghai Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Resources, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
  • 4. Qinghai Zhanyuan Geological Exploration Co. , Ltd. , Xining 810008, Qinghai, China

Received date: 2022-10-08

  Revised date: 2023-01-11

  Online published: 2023-07-20

Highlights

In order to identify the occurrence, enrichment, storage conditions and distribution characteristics of rare metal ore in the clay layer,to study the sedimentary characteristics,variation law and metallogenic law of the Qaidam Basin,the evaluation of resource potential were studied in Balunhaima Basin of Qaidam Basin. The investigation and evaluation of lithium rare light metals as the main minerals in Balunmahai salt lake Basin of Qaidam Basin has been carried out, including drilling, sample collection and testing, statistical analysis of data, correlation of rock and ore-bearing clay layers, law summary and research work on the availability of ore-bearing clay. Three layers of ore-bearing clay layers were delineated in the Quaternary Holocene (Qh), Upper Pleistocene (Qp3) and Middle Pleistocene (Qp2). It is estimated that the total potential resources of LiCl can reach 1.1441 million tons, which is converted into the total potential resources of Li2O, Rb2O and Cs2O reaching 403 200 tons, 357 200 tons and 31 300 tons respectively.The lithium leaching rate reaches 51%~55% with 10% sulfuric acid concentration,25% pulp concentration,1 hour leaching time and 25 ℃ leaching temperature.The thickness of ore-bearing clay layer and the contents of Li,Rb and Cs are stable. Lithium is mainly composed of Fe-Mn binding state,followed by residue state,Rb and Cs are mainly composed of residue state.The clay minerals are mainly illite,and the contents of Li,Rb and Cs are positively correlated with the clay content. It is concluded that there are both structural lithium and adsorbed lithium in clay-type lithium deposits in this area,which is a kind of clay-type lithium deposits between carbonate clay-type lithium deposits and volcanic clay-type lithium deposits.This type is a new type in Balunmahai Basin,and the mining area has the conditions for extraction and utilization.In this paper,the investigation and evaluation of rare light metal lithium deposits were carried out for the first time in clay layer,and the clay-type lithium rare light metal resources were found.The orebody is associated with liquid ore and solid salt ore,which is an important part of salt lake resources.The research lays a foundation for the overall planning,development and efficient utilization of the evaluation area of the Balunmahai Basin.

Cite this article

Tong PAN , Jianzhou CHEN , Chengwang DING , Yuliang MA , Hui LIANG , Tao ZHANG , Xiaochun DU . Occurrence Characteristics of Lithium Rare Light Metal Clay-type Deposits in Balunmahai Basin of Qaidam Basin[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2023 , 31(3) : 359 -377 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.03.137

[an error occurred while processing this directive]

矿业市场活力持续激发

7月11日,自然资源部有关负责人在国新办新闻发布会上介绍了“建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化”有关情况。2023年上半年,发现土地违法案件数量同比下降64%、面积同比下降80.5%,全国耕地总量连续两年实现净增加;全国新设探矿权242个,同比增长25.4%,并陆续取得山东莱州金矿、云南昭通磷矿等重大找矿突破。

自然资源部部长、国家自然资源总督察王广华介绍,立足推进重要能源、矿产资源国内勘探开发和增储上产,按照夯实基础工作、繁荣矿业市场、强化科技支撑的思路,自然资源部精心组织实施新一轮找矿突破战略行动,完善矿产勘查开采管理制度,激发矿业市场活力。主要开展了三方面工作:

(1)强化重大基础工作。一是开展矿产资源国情调查。对全国查明资源储量的全部163种矿产、4.5万余个矿区开展了调查,全面摸清了我国各种矿产的数量、质量、结构、空间分布和开发利用情况。二是加强矿产基础地质调查工作。划定基础调查区、重点调查区,加大矿产资源调查工作力度;划定重点勘查区、重要矿山深部,开展找矿预测和矿体定位等工作,加大“攻深找盲”力度。“十四五”以来,已初步圈定找矿远景区124处、提交找矿靶区102个,为社会资金开展商业性勘查提供指引。

(2)加强支持矿产资源勘查开发政策供给。一是完善矿业权出让收益征收管理制度。将征收方式由一次性征收,改为主要在矿山生产时按销售收入逐年征收,既维护矿产资源国家所有者权益,又切实减轻了企业负担。二是完善矿产资源勘查开采登记管理。鼓励实施矿产资源综合勘查。放活探矿权二级市场,放开招标拍卖挂牌取得的探矿权转让年限限制,允许探矿权流转。精简矿业权登记申请要件和审批环节,提高审批效率。三是深化矿产资源管理改革。允许夹缝资源、深部资源等以协议方式向同一主体出让矿业权;调整探矿权延续扣减面积比例、细化油气探采合一制度、延长探矿权保留期限、完善矿业权竞争出让等,促进矿产资源勘探开发。

(3)加强科技支撑。创新示范了一批新技术、新方法。推动实施相关重大科技项目,推进国家重点研发计划专项实施。在自然资源科学技术奖评选中专门设立“地质找矿奖”,激励地勘队伍找矿积极性。

“2023年上半年,全国固体矿产、油气矿产勘查投入同比增长17.2%、7.5%。”王广华表示,自然资源部将会同有关部门继续优化完善相关政策,为各类社会主体投资矿产勘查开发创造良好环境。比如,指导各地推进“净矿”出让,通过加强矿业权出让前期准备工作,提高服务效率,加强用地用林用草要素保障;加快推进重点矿业项目审批,促进拉动内需和稳增长,以有力举措扎实推进新一轮找矿突破战略行动。

http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2023/1005-2518/1005-2518-2023-31-3-359.shtml

Andreas B Bruce D V2014.Geochemistry at the Earth’s Surface[M].Washington:Library of Congress.

Anouk M B Martin P S Adrian A F,et al,2020.Adsorption of rare earth elements in regolith-hosted clay deposits[J].Nature Communications,11:4386.

Cui Yi Wen Hanjie Yu Wenxiu,et al,2022.Study on the occurrence state and enrichment mechanism of lithium in lithium-rich clay rock series of the Daoshitou Formation of Lower Permian in Central Yunnan[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica38(7):2080-2094.

Han Guang Fan Qishun Liu Jiubo,et al,2021.Origin and hydrochemistry of deep brines from anticlinal reservoir in the western-central Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Sait Lake Research29(4):1-11.

Han Guang Hu Yan Liu Jiubo,et al,2022.Research report of metallogenic system in Qaidam Basin [R].Golmud :Qinghai Qaidam Comprehensive Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute.

Hindshawa R S Toscab R Thomas L,et al,2019.Experimental constraints on Li isotope fractionation during clay formation[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta250(1):219-237.

Li Hongpu Hou Xianhua Zheng Mianping,et al,2022a.Discussion on metallogenic model and prospecting direction of Pleistocene gravel brine potassium deposit in western Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Lake Sciences34(3):1043-1054.

Li Hongpu Pan Tong Li Yongshou,et al,2022b.Geochemical composition and origin tracing of structural fissure and pore brine in western Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science47(1):36-44.

Li Hongpu Zheng Mianping2014a.Metallogenic characteristics of deep brine potassium salt deposit in western Qaidam Basin[J].Mineral Deposits Geology,(Supp.l):935-936.

Li Hongpu Zheng Mianping Hou Xianhua,et al,2022.Hydrochemistry characteristics and origin of new brine sandy gravelin early Pleistocene of Heibei concave in Qaidam Basin[J].Earth Science39(10):1433-1442.

Li Hongpu Zheng Mianping Hou Xianhua,et al,2015.Control factors and water chemical characteristics of potassium-rich deep brine in Nanyishan structure of western Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica36(1):41-50.

Li Wenxia Miao Weiliang Zhang Xiying,et al,2022.Distribution characteristics of lithium in surface sediments of Nalinggele River,Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Sait Lake Research30(2):86-98.

Liu Lijun Wang Denghong Liu Xifang,et al,2017.The main types,distribution features and present situation of exploration and development for domestic and foreign lithium mine[J].Geology in China44(2):263-278.

Liu Xixi Yue Xin Yuan Wenhu,et al,2019.Hydrochemical characteristics and evolutionary process of deep brines from Shizigou anticline structure in Qaidam Basin,China[J].Journal of Salt Lake Research27(1):73-81.

Lu Jun Pan Tong Li Yongshou,et al,2021.A preliminary investigation of hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of deep brine in the central Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica95(7):2129-2137.

Ma Jinyuan Hu Shengzhong Tian Xiangdong2010.Sedimentary environment and exploitation of Maihai potash deposits in Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Salt Lake Research18(3):9-17.

Ma Shengchao Wang Denghong Sun Yan,et al,2019.Geochronology and geochemical characteristics of Lower-Middle Triassic clay rock and their significances for prospecting clay-type lithium deposit[J].Earth Science44(2):427-440.

Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China, 2020. Specifications for Mineral Geology Salt Part 2: Modern Salt Lake Salt: DZ/T0212.2-2020 [S]. Beijing: Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China.

Pan Tong Li Shanping Wang Tao,et al,2022.Metallogenic characteristics and prospecting potential of lithium deposits in the Qinghai Province[J].Acta Geologica Sinica96(5):1827-1854.

Vigier N A Decarreau A B Millot R C,et al,2008.Quantifying Li isotope fractionation during smectite formation and implications for the Li cycle[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,72:780-792.

Wen Hanjie Luo Chongguang Du Shengjiang,et al,2020.Carbonate-hosted clay-type lithium deposit and its prospecting significance[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,65:53-59.

Williams L B Hervig R L2005.Lithium and boron isotopes in illite-smectite:The importance of crystal size[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta69(24):5705-5716.

Xu Chang1985.Preliminary study on clay minerals in the sediments of Qinghai-Tibet Salt Lake[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,(1):87-96.

Yue Xin Liu Xixi Qiu Xindi,et al,2021.Hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of deep pore brine in Gas Hure area,western Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Salt Lake Research29(1):69-79.

Yue Xin Liu Xixi Lu Liang,et al,2019.Hydrochemical characteristics and origin of deep pore brine deposits in Mahai Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica37(3):532-540.

Zeng Xu Lin Tong Zhou Fei,et al,2021.Carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics of carbonate and Neogene depositional environment in the Yiliping area of Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience32(1):73-85.

Zhao Yuanyi Fu Jiajun Li Yun2015.Super large lithium and Boron deposit in Jadar Basin,Serbi[J].Geological Review61(1):34-44.

崔燚,温汉捷,于文修,等,2022.滇中下二叠统倒石头组富锂黏土岩系锂的赋存状态及富集机制研究[J].岩石学报38(7):2080-2094.

韩光,樊启顺,刘久波,等,2021.柴达木盆地中西部背斜构造深层卤水水化学特征与成因[J].盐湖研究29(4):1-11.

韩光,胡燕,刘九波,等,2022.柴达木盆地成矿系统研究报告[R].格尔木:青海省柴达木综合地质矿产勘查院.

李洪普,侯献华,郑绵平,等,2022a.柴达木盆地西部更新统砂砾型深层卤水钾矿成矿模式与找矿方向探讨[J].湖泊科学34(3):1043-1054.

李洪普,潘彤,李永寿,等,2022b.柴达木盆地西部构造裂隙孔隙卤水地球化学组成及来源示踪[J].地球科学47(1):36-44.

李洪普,郑绵平,2014a.柴达木盆地西部深层卤水钾盐矿成矿地质特征[J].矿床地质,(增l):935-936.

李洪普,郑绵平,侯献华,等,2014b.柴达木黑北凹地早更新世新型砂砾层卤水水化学特征与成因[J].地球科学39(10):1433-1442.

李洪普,郑绵平,侯献华,等,2015.柴达木西部南翼山构造富钾深层卤水矿的控制因素及水化学特征[J].地球学报36(1):41-50.

李雯霞,苗卫良,张西营,等,2022.柴达木盆地那棱格勒河流域表层沉积物中锂的分布特征[J].盐湖研究30(2):86-98.

刘丽君,王登红,刘喜方,等,2017.国内外锂矿主要类型、分布特点及勘查开发现状[J].中国地质44(2):263-278.

刘溪溪,岳鑫,袁文虎,等,2019.柴达木盆地西部狮子沟背斜构造区深部卤水水化学特征及演化分析[J].盐湖研究27(1):73-81.

卢鋆,潘彤,李永寿,等,2021.柴达木盆地中部一里坪—西台吉乃尔地区深层卤水水化学特征及成因初探[J].地质学报95(7):2129-2137.

马金元,胡生忠,田向东,2010.柴达木盆地马海钾盐矿床沉积环境与开发[J].盐湖研究18(3):9-17.

马圣钞,王登红,孙艳,等,2019.我国西南部 T1/T2 黏土岩地质年代学、地球化学特征及其对黏土型锂矿的找矿意义[J].地球科学44(2):427-440.

潘彤,李善平,王涛,等,2022.青海锂矿成矿特征及找矿潜力[J].地质学报96(5):1827-1854.

温汉捷,罗重光,杜胜江,等,2020.碳酸盐黏土型锂资源的发现及意义[J].科学通报65(1):53-59.

徐昶,1985.青藏盐湖沉积物中黏土矿物的初步研究[J].地质科学,(1):87-96.

岳鑫,刘溪溪,仇新迪,等,2021.柴西尕斯库勒地区深部孔隙卤水水化学特征及成因分析[J].盐湖研究29(1):69-79.

岳鑫,刘溪溪,路亮,等,2019.马海盆地深部孔隙卤水水化学特征及成因[J].沉积学报37(3):532-540.

曾旭,林潼,周飞,等,2021.柴达木盆地一里坪地区新近系沉积环境及碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征[J].天然气地球科学32(1):73-85.

赵元艺,符家骏,李运,2015.塞尔维亚贾达尔盆地超大型锂硼矿床[J].地质论评61(1):34-44.

中华人民共和国自然资源部,2020. 矿产地质规范 盐类 第2部分:现代盐湖盐类:DZ/T0212.2-2020 [S].北京:中华人民共和国自然资源部.

Outlines

/

[an error occurred while processing this directive]