[an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive] [an error occurred while processing this directive]
[an error occurred while processing this directive]

Gold Science and Technology >

2023 , Vol. 31 >Issue 2: 232 - 251

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.02.124

Composition Characteristics of Garnet in Xintianling Skarn-type Scheelite Deposit，South Hunan Province and Its Implications for the Tungsten Mineralization

  • Bo LI ,
  • Shaohao ZOU ,
  • Deru XU ,
  • Xilian CHEN ,
  • Xuena WANG ,
  • Hua WANG
Expand
  • State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment，East China University of Technology，Nanchang 330013，Jiangxi，China

Received date: 2022-09-20

  Revised date: 2022-12-11

  Online published: 2023-04-27

Fold

Highlights

The Xintianling deposit is one of the largest skarn-type scheelite deposits in South China，and its mineralization has undergone complex magmatic and hydrothermal processes.Taking the skarn garnet in the Xintianling deposit as the research object，the U-Pb dating，in-situ major and trace element analysis of garnet were carried out by EPMA and LA-ICP-MS in-situ micro-area testing techniques.The U-Pb dating reveals that the age of ore-related garnet in Xintianling deposit is ca.（159.5±3.0）Ma，which is consistent with that of the fine-grained porphyritic biotite granite（164~157 Ma）of the Qitianling rock mass，indicating that the Xintianling tungsten mineraliztion is closely related to the Qitianling rock mass.Based on the mineral assemblages and backscattering images，it is determined that there are three generations of garnet in the Xintianling tungsten deposit.According to the structural characteristics of garnets in the backscattered images，the garnets in the Xintianling deposit can be divided into three generations，namely，the early stage dark garnet（Grt1），the middle stage garnet with obvious oscillation zone（Grt2） and the late stage bright garnet （Grt3）.Among them，Grt2 can be divided into Grt2-1 with oscillatory zones and Grt2-2 with thick oscillatory zones.Grt1，Grt2-1and Grt3 show the left-skewed REE patterns with LREE depleted and HREE enrichment.Grt1 has an obvious negative Eu anomaly，Grt2-1 has a weak Eu negative anomaly，and Grt3 has a weak Eu negative anomaly.In contrast，Grt2-2 has a “hump-type” REE pattern with LREE enrichment and HREE depleted，and the weak Eu positive anomaly.From Grt1 to Grt3，the content of Mn in garnet showes a trend of first decreasing and then rising，and the W content in Grt3 is higher than Grt2 but lower than Grt1.These results suggest that the Xintianling deposit has experienced multiple hydrothermal processes，and the oxygen fugacity and temperature of the ore fluid first increas and then decreases，and the pressure pH value first decreases and then increases during the ore-forming processes.Combined with the variations of W content in garnet from different mineralization stages，it is considered that the mineralization of tungsten in the Xintianling deposit mainly occurs in the retrograde metamorphic stage，and undergoes the process of dissolution-reprecipitation in the late retrograde metamorphic stage.

Cite this article

Bo LI , Shaohao ZOU , Deru XU , Xilian CHEN , Xuena WANG , Hua WANG . Composition Characteristics of Garnet in Xintianling Skarn-type Scheelite Deposit，South Hunan Province and Its Implications for the Tungsten Mineralization[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2023 , 31(2) : 232 -251 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.02.124

[an error occurred while processing this directive]

西部矿业：玉龙铜矿一、二选厂铜矿处理量将增至450万t/a

针对市场关注的西部矿业旗下玉龙铜矿改扩建工程进展，公司董事长梁彦波在访谈中表示，玉龙铜矿改扩建工程于2020年12月投产，现已达产。2023年玉龙铜矿一、二选厂技术提升改造项目于4月开工建设，目前正在稳步推进，本年度改造完成后，一、二选厂铜矿处理量将增加至450万t/a。谈及其他矿石品种的扩产与投资计划，梁彦波介绍说，公司铁资源板块发展动力十足，内蒙古双利铁矿340万t/a露转地改扩建项目已开工建设，项目建成后新增铁精粉90万t，格尔木西矿资源公司致力于打造青海海西铁多金属矿产资源开发整合平台，建设成为格尔木市铁多金属矿产品生产基地。“十四五”期间，通过资源拓展等方式，公司将力争增加铁矿石资源量1亿t。

http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2023/1005-2518/1005-2518-2023-31-2-232.shtml

衷心感谢匿名审稿专家为本文修改所提出的建设性意见和建议！

References

Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within
Antao S M， Klincker A M，2014.Crystal structure of a birefringent andradite-grossular from Crowsnest Pass，Alberta，Canada［J］.Powder Diffraction，29（1）：20-27.

Bai Daoyuan， Ma Tieqiu， Wang Xianhui，et al，2008.Progress in the study of mesozoic tectono-magmatism and mineralization in the central segment of the Nanling Mountains—Summary of major achievements of the 1∶250 000 geological survey in southeastern Hunan［J］.Geology in China，53（3）：436-455.

Bau M，1991.Rare-earth element mobility during hydrothermal and metamorphic fluid-rock interaction and the significance of the oxidation state of europium［J］.Chemical Geology，93（3/4）：219-230.

Cai Minghai， Han Fengbin， He Longqing，et al，2008.He，Ar isotope characteristics and Rb-Sr dating of the Xintianling skarn scheelite deposit in Southern Hunan，China［J］.Acta Geoscientica Sinica，29（2）：167-173.

Carswell D A， Wilson R N， Zhai M，2000.Metamorphic evolution，mineral chemistry and thermobarometry of schists and orthogneisses hosting ultra-high pressure eclogites in the Dabieshan of central China［J］.Lithos，52（1/2/3/4）：121-155.

Deng X D， Li J W， Luo T，et al，2017.Dating magmatic and hydrothermal processes using andradite-rich garnet U-Pb geochronometry［J］.Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology，172（9）：71.

Ding T， Ma D， Lu J，et al，2018.Garnet and scheelite as indicators of multi-stage tungsten mineralization in the Huangshaping deposit，southern Hunan Province，China［J］.Ore Geology Reviews，94：193-211.

Dragovic B， Samanta L M， Baxter E F，et al，2012.Using garnet to constrain the duration and rate of water-releasing metamorphic reactions during subduction：An example from Sifnos，Greece［J］.Chemical Geology，314/315/316/317：9-22.

Dziggel A， Wulff K， Kolb J，et al，2009.Significance of oscillatory and bell-shaped growth zoning in hydrothermal garnet：Evidence from the Navachab gold deposit，Namibia［J］.Chemical Geology，262（3/4）：262-276.

Fan X， Wang X， Lü X，et al，2019.Garnet composition as an indicator of skarn formation：LA-ICP-MS and EPMA studies on oscillatory zoned garnets from the Haobugao skarn deposit，Inner Mongolia，China［J］.Geological Journal，54（4）：1976-1992.

Fang Fang，2020.Prospecting significance of Xintianling tungsten deposit in Chenzhou City，Hunan Province［J］.World Nonferrous Metals，（18）：72-73.

Fei X， Zhang Z， Cheng Z，et al，2019.Factors controlling the crystal morphology and chemistry of garnet in skarn deposits：A case study from the Cuihongshan polymetallic deposit，Lesser Xing’an Range，NE China［J］.American Mineralogist，104（10）：1455-1468.

Feng Jiawei，2020.Study on the Relationship Between Magmatism of Qitianling Granitoid Batholith and Tin Mineralization in Southern Hunan［D］.Chengdu：Chengdu University of Technology.

Gaspar M， Knaack C， Meinert L D，et al，2008.REE in skarn systems：A LA-ICP-MS study of garnets from the Crown Jewel gold deposit［J］.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta，72（1）：185-205.

Gevedon M， Seman S， Barnes J D，et al，2018.Unraveling histories of hydrothermal systems via U-Pb laser ablation dating of skarn garnet［J］.Earth and Planetary Science Letters，498：237-246.

Haas J R，1995.Rare earth elements in hydrothermal systems：Estimates of standard partial molal thermodynamic properties of aqueous complexes of the rare earth elements at high pressures and temperatures［J］.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta，59（21）：4329-4350.

Hu Jiabin，2012.The Characteristic and Prospecting Significance of Tungsten-Bearing Granitoids of Xintianling Skarn Scheelite Deposit，Southern Hunan Province，Nanling Range［D］.Nanjing：Nanjing University.

Hu Ruizhong， Mao Jingwen， Fan Weiming，et al，2010.Some scientific questions on the intra-continental metallogeny in the South China continent［J］.Earth Science Frontiers，17（2）：13-26.

Li H， Wu J H， Evans N J，et al，2018.Zircon geochronology and geochemistry of the Xianghualing A-type granitic rocks：Insights into multi-stage Sn-polymetallic mineralization in South China［J］.Lithos，312/313：1-20.

Li X H， Li W X， Li Z X，et al，2009.Amalgamation between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks in South China：Constraints from SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages，geochemistry and Nd-Hf isotopes of the Shuangxiwu volcanic rocks［J］.Precambrian Research，174（1/2）：117-128.

Lima S M， Corfu F， Neiva A M R，et al，2012.U-Pb ID-TIMS dating applied to U-rich inclusions in garnet［J］.American Mineralogist，97（5/6）：800-806.

Liu Yong， Li Tingdong， Xiao Qinghui，et al，2011.Qitianling granite magma mixing origin：The host rock and its microgranular dioritic enclaves of zircon U-Pb dating and Hf isotope evidence［J］.Geological Science and Technology Information，30（2）：19-27.

Mao Jingwen， Li Xiaofeng， Lehmann B，et al，2004. 40Ar-39Ar dating of tin ores and related granite in Furong tin orefield，Hunan Province，and its geodynamic significance［J］.Mineral Deposits，23（2）：164-175.

Meinert L D， Dipple G M， Nicolescu S，2005.World Skarn Deposits［M］//Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume.Littleton：Society of Economic Geologists.

Moretti R， Ottonello G，1998.An appraisal of endmember energy and mixing properties of rare earth garnets［J］.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta，62（7）：1147-1173.

Paton C， Hellstrom J， Paul B，et al，2011.Iolite：Freeware for the visualisation and processing of mass spectrometric data［J］.Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry，26（12）：2508-2518.

Peng J， Zhou M F， Hu R，et al，2006.Precise molybdenite Re-Os and mica Ar-Ar dating of the Mesozoic Yaogangxian tungsten deposit，central Nanling district，South China［J］. Miner Deposita，41（7）：661-669.

Zs Rak， Ewing R C， Becker U，2011.First-principles investigation of Ca3（Ti，Zr，Hf，Sn）2Fe2SiO12 garnet structure for incorporation of actinides［J］.Physical Review B，83（15）：155123.

Rubatto D， Hermann J，2007.Experimental zircon/melt and zircon/garnet trace element partitioning and implications for the geochronology of crustal rocks［J］.Chemical Geology，241（1）：38-61.

Shannon R D，1976.Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides［J］.Acta Crystallographica Section A，32（5）：751-767.

Shu Liangshu，2012.An analysis of principal features of tectonic evolution in South China block［J］.Geological Bulletin of China，31（7）：1035-1053.

Shu Liangshu， Zhou Xinmin， Deng Ping，et al，2006.Principal geological features of Nanling tectonic belt，South China［J］.Geological Review，52（2）：251-265.

Shuang Y， Liu D， Gong K，et al，2014.Zircon U‐Pb geochronology of the granite from Xintianling W deposit，Southern Hunan Province［J］.Acta Geologica Sinica—English Edition，88（Supp.2）：35-37.

Shuang Yan， Gong Yechao， Li Hang，et al，2016.Fluid-inclusion geochemistry of the lage-sized Xintianling tungsten deposit，Hunan Province，China［J］.Geochimica，45（6）：569-581.

Smith M P， Henderson P， Jeffries T E R，et al，2004.The rare earth elements and uranium in garnets from the Beinn an Dubhaich Aureole，Skye，Scotland，UK：Constraints on processes in a dynamic hydrothermal system［J］.Journal of Petrology，45（3）：457-484.

Sun S S， McDonough W F，1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts：Implications for mantle composition and processes［J］.Geological Society，London，Special Publications，42（1）：313-345.

Sun W D， Xu D R， Chi G X，et al，2017.Yanshanian（Late Mesozoic）ore deposit in China—An introduction to the special issue［J］.Ore Geology Reviews，88：481-490.

Tian Z D， Leng C B， Zhang X C，et al，2019.Chemical composition，genesis and exploration implication of garnet from the Hongshan Cu-Mo skarn deposit，SW China［J］.Ore Geology Reviews，112：103016.

van Westrenen W， Allan N L， Blundy J D，et al，2000.Atomistic simulation of trace element incorporation into Garnets—Comparison with experimental garnet-melt partitioning data［J］.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta，64（9）：1629-1639.

van Westrenen W， Allan N L， Blundy J D，et al，2003.Dopant incorporation into garnet solid solutions—A breakdown of Goldschmidt’s first rule［J］.Chemical Communications，（6）：786-787.

Vermeesch P，2021.Corrigendum to “IsoplotR：A free and open toolbox for geochronology” ［Geosci.Front.9 （2018），1479-1493］［J］.Geoscience Frontiers，12（5）：101227.

Wang F Y， Ling M X， Ding X，et al，2011.Mesozoic large magmatic events and mineralization in SE China：Oblique subduction of the Pacific plate［J］.International Geology Review，53（5/6）：704-726.

Wang Jingqiang，2017.Study of Key Issues Related to Tectonic Evolution of South China［D］.Nanjing：Nanjing University.

Wang Y， Fan W， Zhang G，et al，2013.Phanerozoic tectonics of the South China block：Key observations and controversies［J］.Gondwana Research，23（4）：1273-1305.

Wei Ning，2019.Geological characteristics and prospecting indications of Xintianling scheelite deposit in Hunan Province［J］.World Nonferrous Metals，（12）：40-42.

Wood S A， Samson I M，2000.The hydrothermal geochemistry of tungsten in granitoid environments：I.Relative solubilities of ferberite and scheelite as a function of T，P，PH，and mNaCl［J］.Economic Geology，95（1）：143-182.

Wu Y， Tagen D， Menglong Z，2016.Oxygen fugacity studies and tectonic evolution of Xintianling granite in Hunan province China［J］.International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering，9（1）：142-149.

Xu Deru， Fu Gonggu， Xu Yiming，et al，2016.Research and Prospecting Exploration of Tin Polymetallic Deposits in the Qianlishan-Qitianling Region，South Hunan Province［M］.Beijing：Science Press.

Yang J H， Peng J T， Hu R Z，et al，2013.Garnet geochemistry of tungsten-mineralized Xihuashan granites in South China［J］.Lithos，177：79-90.

Yin Shunsheng， Wang Changlie，1994.Xingtianling scheelite deposit in Chenzhou County［J］.Hunan Geology，13（4）：205-211.

Yu Fan， Shu Qihai， Zeng Qingwen，et al，2020.Chemical composition of garnet from the Xintianling skarn W deposit in southern Hunan and its geological significance［J］.Acta Pe-trologica Sinica，38（1）：78-90.

Yuan Shunda， Zhang Dongliang， Shuang Yan，et al，2012.Re-Os dating of molybdenite from the Xintianling giant tungsten-molybdenum deposit in southern Hunan Province，China and its geological implications［J］.Acta Petrologica Sinica，28（1）：27-38.

Zhai D G， Liu J J， Zhang H Y，et al，2014.Origin of oscillatory zoned garnets from the Xieertala Fe-Zn skarn deposit，northern China：In situ LA-ICP-MS evidence［J］.Lithos，190/191：279-291.

Zhang Guowei， Guo Anlin， Wang Yuejun，et al，2013.Tectonics of South China continent and its implications［J］.Science China：Earth Sciences，43（10）：1553-1582.

Zhang Hongfei， Gao Shan，2012.Geochemistry［M］.Beijing：Geology Press.

Zhang Qi， Jin Weijun， Li Chengdong，et al，2009.Yanshanian large-scale magmatism and lithosphere thinning in Eastern China：Relation to large igneous province［J］.Earth Science Frontiers，16（2）：21-51.

Zhang R， Lu J， Wang R，et al，2014.Redox state of the granitic rocks and formation of the scheelite skarn in the Xintianling deposit，Nanling range，South China［J］.Acta Geologica Sinica—English Edition，88（Supp.2）：64-65.

Zhang R， Lu J， Zhu J，et al，2011.Re-Os and U-Pb geochronology of large Xintianling skarn-type scheelite deposit，Nanling Range，China［C］//11th SGA Biennial Meeting.Antofagasta：Society of Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits：Let’s Talk Ore Deposits.

Zhang Rongqing，2015.Petrogenesis and Metallogeny of the W-and Sn-bearing Granites in Southern Hunan Province：Case Study from Wangxianling and Xintianling［D］.Nanjing：Nanjing University.

Zhang Y， Shao Y， Wu C，et al，2017.LA-ICP-MS trace element geochemistry of garnets：Constraints on hydrothermal fluid evolution and genesis of the Xinqiao Cu-S-Fe-Au Deposit，Eastern China［J］.Ore Geology Reviews，86：426-439.

Zhang Yinping， Shao Yongjun， Xiong Yiqu，et al，2022.Metallogenic indication from geochemical characteristics of garnet in Gejiu Sn-Cu ore-concentrated area，Yunnan Province［J］.Mineral Deposits，41（4）：682-701.

Zhao Bin， Li Tongjin， Li Zhaoping，1983.Experimental study of physico-chemical conditions of the formation of skarns［J］.Geochimica，12（3）：256-267，331.

Zhao L， Guo F， Fan W，et al，2016.Early Cretaceous potassic volcanic rocks in the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt，East China：Crustal melting in response to subduction of the Pacific-Izanagi ridge？［J］.Chemical Geology，437：30-43.

Zhao Panlao， Yuan Shunda， Yuan Yabin，2018.Geochemical characteristics of garnet in the Huangshaping polymetallic deposit，southern Hunan：Implications for the genesis of Cu and W-Sn mineralization［J］.Acta Petrologica Sinica，34（9）：2581-2597.

Zhu Jinchu， Wang Rucheng， Zhang Peihua，et al，2009.Zircon U-Pb geochronological framework of Qitianling granite batholith，middle part of Nanling Range，South China［J］.Scientia Sinica （Terrae），39（8）：1112-1127，1170-1180.

Zou S， Zou F， Ning J，et al，2018.A stand-alone Co mineral deposit in northeastern Hunan Province，South China：Its timing，origin of ore fluids and metal Co，and geodynamic setting［J］.Ore Geology Reviews，92：42-60.

柏道远，马铁球，王先辉，等，2008.南岭中段中生代构造—岩浆活动与成矿作用研究进展［J］.中国地质，35（3）：436-455.

蔡明海，韩凤彬，何龙清，等，2008.湘南新田岭白钨矿床He，Ar同位素特征及Rb-Sr测年［J］.地球学报，29（2）：167-173.

方芳，2020.湖南省郴州市新田岭钨矿找矿意义［J］.世界有色金属，（18）：72-73.

冯佳伟，2020.湘南骑田岭花岗岩体岩浆作用与锡矿成矿作用关系研究［D］.成都：成都理工大学.

胡加斌，2012.湘南新田岭含钨花岗岩特征及找矿意义［D］.南京：南京大学.

胡瑞忠，毛景文，范蔚茗，等，2010.华南陆块陆内成矿作用的一些科学问题［J］.地学前缘，17（2）：13-26.

刘勇，李廷栋，肖庆辉，等，2011.骑田岭花岗岩体的岩浆混合成因：寄主岩及其暗色闪长质包体的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素证据［J］.地质科技情报，30（2）：19-27.

毛景文，李晓峰， Lehmann B，等，2004.湖南芙蓉锡矿床锡矿石和有关花岗岩的40Ar-39Ar年龄及其地球动力学意义［J］.矿床地质，23（2）：164-175.

舒良树，2012.华南构造演化的基本特征［J］.地质通报，31（7）：1035-1053.

舒良树，周新民，邓平，等，2006.南岭构造带的基本地质特征［J］.地质论评，52（2）：251-265.

双燕，龚业超，李航，等，2016.湘南新田岭大型钨矿流体包裹体地球化学特征［J］.地球化学，45（6）：569-581.

王静强，2017.华南构造演化有关的几个重要科学问题研究［D］.南京：南京大学.

韦宁，2019.湖南新田岭矿区地质特佂及找矿标志［J］.世界有色金属，（12）：40-42.

许德如，符巩固，许以明，等，2016.湘南千里山－骑田岭地区锡多金属矿床研究与找矿勘查［M］.北京：科学出版社.

殷顺生，王昌烈，1994.郴县新田岭钨矿床地质特征［J］.湖南地质，13（4）：205-211.

郁凡，舒启海，曾庆文，等，2022.湘南新田岭矽卡岩型钨矿床石榴子石成分特征及其地质意义［J］.岩石学报，38（1）：78-90.

袁顺达，张东亮，双燕，等，2012.湘南新田岭大型钨钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年及其地质意义［J］.岩石学报，28（1）：27-38.

张国伟，郭安林，王岳军，等，2013.中国华南大陆构造与问题［J］.中国科学（地球科学），43（10）：1553-1582.

张宏飞，高山，2012.地球化学［M］.北京：地质出版社.

张旗，金惟俊，李承东，等，2009.中国东部燕山期大规模岩浆活动与岩石圈减薄：与大火成岩省的关系［J］.地学前缘，16（2）：21-51.

张银平，邵拥军，熊伊曲，等，2022.云南个旧锡铜矿集区石榴子石地球化学特征及成矿指示［J］.矿床地质，41（4）：682-701.

章荣清，2015.湘南含钨和含锡花岗岩成因及成矿作用［D］.南京：南京大学.

赵斌，李统锦，李昭平，1983.夕卡岩形成的物理化学条件实验研究［J］.地球化学，12（3）：256-267，331.

赵盼捞，袁顺达，原垭斌，2018.湘南黄沙坪多金属矿床石榴子石地球化学特征及其对Cu与W-Sn复合成矿机理的指示［J］.岩石学报，34（9）：2581-2597.

朱金初，王汝成，张佩华，等，2009.南岭中段骑田岭花岗岩基的锆石U-Pb年代学格架［J］.中国科学（D辑：地球科学），39（8）：1112-1127，1170-1180.

Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

[an error occurred while processing this directive]