Rare，scattered and rare earth non-ferrous metals is new strategic key mineral resources.At present，some research understandings and breakthroughs have been made in the mineralization and prospecting of key metal deposits in China.Pegmatite type deposit is one of the main sources of rare metal mineral resources，and the rare metal deposits is the most typical of pegmatite types in western China.The magmatic activities are very frequent，and the magmatic rocks are widely distributed，mainly medium-acidic rocks，and very few basite and ultrabasic rock in the Wulan Chakabeishan area of the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin.The main types of rocks with good conditions for forming rare metal deposits，which include syenite granite，monzonitic granite，granodiorite，quartz diorite，tonalite，diorite，gabbro，etc.In order to further understand the geochemical characteristics of the ore-bearing pegmatites in the research area and deepen the understanding of regional tectonic evolution，the mineralization of rare metals and the ore-controlling conditions，the ore-bearing pegmatite was taken as the research object，and the rock mineral features，main trace and rare earth elements composition were analyzed.In the study area，pegmatite vein was band-distributed，outputed in clusters，various types，morphological pulse，beads，lens，and under obvious structural control.The types of pegmatite that closely related to the mineralization of rare metals include mainly muscovite-biotite granite，syenite granite pegmatite，monzonitic granite pegmatite，quartz diorite pegmatite and granodiorite pegmatite.The study found that the ore-bearing pegmatites have high total alkali content，which is similar to the diagenesis characteristics formed in the continental arc or plate collision environment.The partition curve of rare earth is right-leaning，and the light and heavy rare earth fractionation is obvious，and the Eu with medium negative anomaly，it is speculated that the ore-bearing pegmatite source area is not only related to the crust，but also has the possibility of mantle source mafic magma was participated.The results show that the pegmatites were classified and named by the total alkalisili-con （TAS） classification map of the igneous rock system，the samples all fall in the granite-quartz monzonite-syenite area，which belongs to the sub-alkaline rock，and ore-bearing pegmatites have the characteristics of high silicon and overaluminum，and the pegmatites may have experienced the crystallization and separation of mica and feldspar.In this research region，the light rare earth elements is enriched，the heavy rare earth elements is lossed and the fractionation degree is high about ore-bearing pegmatite，it reflects that the mantle source material may be involved in the mineralization of rare metals and rare earth in the magma evolution and diagenetic process of pegmatite.The mineralization is more likely about Rb，Th，Cs，Ce and other rare metal，Ba，Zr，Hf，Nb，Ta，Li and other rare metals have potential for mineralization，and Sr，Y and other rare metals mineralization is little possibility.It is considered that the material source of pegmatites is related to the crust and the participation of mantle source material，and it is inferred that the geological tectonic environment of ore-bearing pegmatites may be post-collision or post-collision extension.The results of the research can provide a theoretical basis for the prospecting of pegmatite type rare metal deposits in the later stage.

http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2022/1005-2518/1005-2518-2022-30-6-809.shtml