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Mining Technology and Mine Management

Thickness Prediction of the Excavation Damage Zone and Non-explosive Mechanized Mining Criterion

  • Yue JING , 1 ,
  • Shaofeng WANG 1 ,
  • Jintao LU , 2
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  • 1. School of Resource and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
  • 2. Research Center of the Ministry of Emergency Management,Beijing 100013,China

Received date: 2020-12-29

  Revised date: 2021-04-08

  Online published: 2021-10-08

Highlights

Deep mining has gradually become a new trend in underground mining,and the non-explosive mechanized mining method,as one of the alternatives to conventional drilling and blasting excavation,has shown great advantages in rock-breaking efficiency and safety.Non-explosive mechanized mining of hard rock mines is a technical problem that needs to be solved to realize continuous mining and safe,efficient and green development of deep resources in hard rock mines.In the roadway excavation,the initial stress state of the surrounding rock is destroyed to form a secondary stress field resulting in the phenomenon of stress concentration,which will form a “crushing zone” around the surrounding rock,called the excavation damage zone (EDZ).The feasibility of non-explosive mechanized mining is closely related to the thickness of the EDZ around the ore to be cut.The existing research shows that the thickness of the EDZ is mainly affected by rock properties,ground stress,geological conditions and excavation parameters and other factors.So in this paper,the characteristics of the EDZ thickness were considered comprehensively,and five influencing factors of uniaxial compression strength,rock mass grade,burial depth,rock bulk and excavation span were selected.Through multiple regression analysis,using 69 sets of data collected at multiple mine sites,a functional relationship between the thickness of the EDZ and five influencing factors was established,so as to obtain the prediction model of the thickness of the EDZ.The results were obtained by comparing the measured data of the EDZ thickness with the prediction values obtained from the EDZ thickness prediction model.The high determination coefficient and the low root mean squared error show that the established EDZ thickness prediction model and the non-explosive mechanized mining criterion have good reliability.In addition,the weights of the five influencing factors on the thickness of the EDZ were evaluated by the entropy weight method and ranked in order.The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength has the largest influence on the thickness of the EDZ,the rock mass grade has the smallest influence on the thickness of the EDZ,and the burial depth,rock bulk density,and excavation span have increasing influence on the thickness of the EDZ.The regression prediction model can better predict the thickness of the EDZ at Kailin Maluping mine,and the predicted value meets the requirements of non-explosive mechanized mining,verifying the feasibility and rationality of non-explosive mechanized mining.

Cite this article

Yue JING , Shaofeng WANG , Jintao LU . Thickness Prediction of the Excavation Damage Zone and Non-explosive Mechanized Mining Criterion[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2021 , 29(4) : 525 -534 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.04.010

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日本限制外国对钨钼稀土等稀有金属领域投资

据2021年8月24日报道,日本政府正加强限制外国对钨、钼、稀土、锂、钴、铟等34种稀有金属领域的投资,即将钨钼稀土等重要矿产相关行业追加到修正外汇法对外国人投资的重点审查对象中,旨在最大限度地减少该国关键原材料供应链的脆弱性,同时提高该国各个行业如汽车、电池、航空母舰等在国际上的竞争地位。

据悉,从事稀有金属矿产资源相关业务的企业、资源调查和矿物成分分析行业的企业、在南鸟岛和冲鸟岛上建设港口的企业等的投资将成为日本此次加强外资管控的审查对象。关于公布的修正案,将面向公众征集意见,最早11月追加到重点审查对象中。

其实在2020年6月,日本就开始实施了经修订的外汇法,加强了对石油、电力、天然气、通信、自来水、铁路、核能、网络安全、武器、飞机、宇宙和可转用于军事的通用品的12个行业开展业务的约500家公司的外国投资进行控制。根据修订后的法律,外国投资者在这些公司中的股份从原来的10%以上减少至1%以上。

鉴于2020年全球新冠疫情的发生发展及临床治疗的需求,2020年7月日本增加了药品和医疗器械行业。此次追加后,事前申请制度的对象企业数量也从518家扩大到715家。为了防止技术流到外国企业,日本自民党表示要强化外汇法的运用,同时还提议扩充事前申请的审查及事后的监控体制。然而,在脱碳和数字化潮流兴起的时代,日本政府于2020年10月25日公布了实现2050年“碳中和”目标的工程表——绿色增长战略,该战略书中不仅确认了“2050年日本实现净零排放”的目标,还提出了对海上风能、电动汽车、氢燃料等14个重点领域的具体计划目标和年限设定。

值得一说的是,不论是海上风能、电动汽车领域还是氢燃料、核电等其他领域,它们都需要用到钨钼等稀土金属。例如,钨合金和钨丝分别是新能源汽车的重要配重件和卤素灯材料;二硫化钼和二硫化钨是汽车滑动零部件的重要润滑剂;钨合金和钼合金是核电、航空等领域中高温部件和耐辐射部件的主要原料;稀土功能材料如钕铁硼磁体广泛应用于汽车、风电等行业中。

日本由于大多数稀有金属都依赖进口,所以容易受到生产国政策转变造成的短缺和延误的影响。为了确保稀有金属和其他矿物资源的稳定供应,日本不得不强化外汇法的运用以及与更多国家进行矿产资源合作。

http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2021/1005-2518/1005-2518-2021-29-4-525.shtml

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