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Gold Science and Technology >

2021 , Vol. 29 >Issue 1: 74 - 89

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.01.138

Mineral Exploration and Resource Evaluation

Ore-forming Fluid Characteristics and Material Source of Gold Deposits in Tongdao County，Hunan Province：Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and H-O-S Isotopes

  • Yuhua XIE 1 ,
  • Hua GAO 1 ,
  • Zhe ZHANG 1 ,
  • Liang YANG 1 ,
  • Xinxing KE 1 ,
  • Xiaomin LIU 1 ,
  • Jianbiao LUO 2, 3 ,
  • Qi LIU 2, 3 ,
  • Kunlin XU 2, 3 ,
  • Jishun LIU 2, 3 ,
  • Zhilin WANG 2, 3 ,
  • Hua KONG , 2, 3 ,
  • Biao LIU 2, 3
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  • 1. 301 Brigade，Hunan Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau，Changsha 410114，Hunan，China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring，Ministry of Education，Central South University，Changsha 410083，Hunan，China
  • 3. School of Geoscience and Info-physics，Central South University，Changsha 410083，Hunan，China

Received date: 2020-07-29

  Revised date: 2020-11-29

  Online published: 2021-03-22

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Highlights

A large number of medium-large gold deposits developed in the Xuefeng arc-shaped structural belt，which mainly composed of precambrian strata and undergo low-grade metamorphism with multi-stage tectonic movement.In addition，long-term large-scale magma activity （e.g. Silurian，Triassic） occurred in the Taojiang-Chengbu fault zone on the eastern margin of Xuefeng Mountain.Due to the overprint of regional metamorphic hydrothermal and deep magma hydrothermal fluid，both metamorphic hydrothermal and magmatic hydrothermal Au-Sb deposits are occurred in Xuefeng Mountain region.Previous research and exploration mainly focused on gold deposits in the northern and middle district of the metallogenic belt，that is lacking in the southern district （e.g. Huitong，Jingzhou，Tongdao）.The gold deposits in the Tongdao County are composed of the Chaxi，Jinkeng，and Huanggou small-medium quartz vein and altered rock type gold deposits，which developed in low-grade precambrian metamorphic strata and controlled by faults.To constrain the ore forming fluids characteristics and source，field investigations，microscopic rock-mineral determination，fluid inclusion and H-O-S isotope analysis were completed in this research.The representative ore-bearing quartz vein samples were selected to identify the petrographic characteristics of inclusions for micro-thermal analysis.In addition，the H，O isotope composition were analyzed with a single mineral of quartz and the in-situ S isotope analysis of gold-bearing sulfides （e.g. pyrite and arsenopyrite） are obtained by LA-ICP-MS.Analysis results show that it can be divided into two metallogenic stages，stage Ⅰ is quartz+pyrite+arsenopyrite+sericite+gold，stage Ⅱ is quartz+sericite+minor gold.The homogenization temperature of stage Ⅰ quartz fluid inclusions in the Chaxi deposit is 155~297 ℃ with a peak value of 210~220 ℃ and the salinity［w（NaCl）］ is 4.9%~11.7%.The homogenization temperature of stage Ⅱ quartz fluid inclusions in the Chaxi deposit is 135~233 ℃ with a peak value of 160~170 ℃ and the salinity is 3.3%~9.7%.The homogenization temperature of quartz fluid inclusions in the Jinkeng deposit is 202~261 ℃ with a peak value of 210~220 ℃ and the salinity is 5.6%~10.1%.The homogenization temperature of stage Ⅱ quartz fluid inclusions in the Jinkeng deposit is 134~203 ℃ with a peak value of 150~160 ℃ and the salinity is 3.8%~8.8%.The homogenization temperature of stage Ⅰ quartz fluid inclusions in the Huanggou deposit is 176~319 ℃ with a peak value of 220~240 ℃ and the salinity is 5.1%~11.7%.The H-O isotopic composition of the ore-forming fluids in the three deposits has a similar evolution trend：The stage Ⅰ δ 18Ofluid change from +4.95‰ to +6.95‰ and the stage Ⅱ δ 18Ofluid change from +1.08‰ to +1.38‰，while the δD value changes greatly，from -83‰ to -33‰.Therefore，the stage Ⅰ ore-forming fluid is a medium-temperature and medium-low-salinity fluid，the source of which are dominated by metamorphic water with overprint of deep magma water and the stage Ⅱ ore-forming fluid is a low-temperature and low-salinity fluid，indicating an addition of meteoric water.In addition，the δ 34S values of pyrite in the Huanggou deposit is scattered，ranging from -15.79‰ to +3.88‰，while the δ 34S values of sulfide in the Jinkeng deposit is concentrated，which is -5.02‰~+0.74‰.Combined with the sulfur isotope composition of regional strata and the EPMA analysis of pyrite，it is believed that the sulfur source of gold-bearing sulfide （δ 34S value near zero） is mainly originated from deep magmatic，but no gold or with trace gold content sulfide （negative δ 34S value） are derived from wall rock formation.

Cite this article

Yuhua XIE , Hua GAO , Zhe ZHANG , Liang YANG , Xinxing KE , Xiaomin LIU , Jianbiao LUO , Qi LIU , Kunlin XU , Jishun LIU , Zhilin WANG , Hua KONG , Biao LIU . Ore-forming Fluid Characteristics and Material Source of Gold Deposits in Tongdao County，Hunan Province：Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and H-O-S Isotopes[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2021 , 29(1) : 74 -89 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.01.138

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2020年我国黄金产量365.34 t，黄金消费量820.98 t，同比分别下降3.91%和18.13%

中国黄金协会最新统计数据显示，2020年，国内原料黄金产量为365.34 t，与2019年同期相比减产14.88 t，同比下降3.91%。其中，黄金矿产金完成301.69 t，有色副产金完成63.65 t。

2020年一季度，受新冠肺炎疫情影响，国内黄金产量同比大幅下降10.93%，湖北省基本停产，山东、河南等重点产金省也受到较大冲击。随着国内疫情逐渐得到有效控制以及黄金价格的波动上升，黄金行业生产经营情况逐步好转，自二季度以来，黄金产量环比逐步提高，四季度环比增长达10.29%。重点黄金企业（集团）在抓好常态化疫情防控措施的同时，继续优化产业布局、转换增长动力、推进绿色矿山建设、加快“走出去”步伐，中国黄金、山东黄金、紫金矿业、山东招金等大型黄金企业（集团）实现矿产金产量147.26 t，占全国的比重达48.81%，与2019年同期持平（增长0.04%），黄金企业“向高质量发展转变”初显成效。

受新冠肺炎疫情在全球蔓延影响，进口黄金原料供应趋紧。2020年进口原料产金114.16 t，同比下降5.02%，若加上这部分进口原料产金，全国共生产黄金479.50 t，同比下降4.18%。

2020年，全国黄金实际消费量820.98 t，与2019年同期相比下降18.13%。其中：黄金首饰490.58 t，同比下降27.45%；金条及金币246.59 t，同比增长9.21%；工业及其他用金83.81 t，同比下降16.81%。年初新冠肺炎疫情爆发，全国迅速采取严格的防控措施，黄金首饰、金条等生产加工和零售均受到较大影响，一季度黄金消费量同比下降48.20%，随着国内疫情防控态势好转和经济持续稳定恢复，黄金消费量稳步回升。特别是部分黄金零售企业在线上打开新市场，销售成绩亮眼，但由于线上销售基数较低，仍旧无法弥补店铺销量的下滑。金价的巨幅波动和宽松的货币政策引发了民间投资者对黄金的关注，尤其下半年金条及金币消费量较上一年同期增长50.91%，进而扭转了全年金条及金币消费趋势。

2020年，在新冠肺炎疫情蔓延、全球经济形势恶化及各国货币政策进一步宽松的情形下，黄金价格整体呈上涨并保持巨幅震荡之势。年末伦敦现货黄金定盘价为1 891.10美元/盎司，较上年末上涨24.17%。上海黄金交易所Au9999黄金以341.95元/克开盘，年末收于390.00元/克，较上年末上涨14.44%，全年加权平均价格为388.13元/克，同比增长25.73%。受汇率变化的影响，国际金价和国内金价变化趋势有所差异，但均于第三季度刷新了历史新高。

2020年，上海黄金交易所全部黄金品种累计成交量双边5.87万吨（单边2.93万吨），同比下降14.44%，成交额双边22.55万亿元（单边11.28万亿元），同比增长4.91%；上海期货交易所全部黄金品种累计成交量双边10.95万吨（单边5.48万吨），同比增长18.39%，成交额双边41.47万亿元（单边20.73万亿元），同比增长38.26%。2020年，国内黄金ETF基金由4支增加至11支，年末持仓量约60.9 t，较上年末增持16.1 t，增长约36%。

（来源：中国黄金协会）

http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2021/1005-2518/1005-2518-2021-29-1-74.shtml

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