Ore-forming Fluid Characteristics and Material Source of Gold Deposits in Tongdao County，Hunan Province：Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and H-O-S Isotopes
Received date: 2020-07-29
Revised date: 2020-11-29
Online published: 2021-03-22
A large number of medium-large gold deposits developed in the Xuefeng arc-shaped structural belt，which mainly composed of precambrian strata and undergo low-grade metamorphism with multi-stage tectonic movement.In addition，long-term large-scale magma activity （e.g. Silurian，Triassic） occurred in the Taojiang-Chengbu fault zone on the eastern margin of Xuefeng Mountain.Due to the overprint of regional metamorphic hydrothermal and deep magma hydrothermal fluid，both metamorphic hydrothermal and magmatic hydrothermal Au-Sb deposits are occurred in Xuefeng Mountain region.Previous research and exploration mainly focused on gold deposits in the northern and middle district of the metallogenic belt，that is lacking in the southern district （e.g. Huitong，Jingzhou，Tongdao）.The gold deposits in the Tongdao County are composed of the Chaxi，Jinkeng，and Huanggou small-medium quartz vein and altered rock type gold deposits，which developed in low-grade precambrian metamorphic strata and controlled by faults.To constrain the ore forming fluids characteristics and source，field investigations，microscopic rock-mineral determination，fluid inclusion and H-O-S isotope analysis were completed in this research.The representative ore-bearing quartz vein samples were selected to identify the petrographic characteristics of inclusions for micro-thermal analysis.In addition，the H，O isotope composition were analyzed with a single mineral of quartz and the in-situ S isotope analysis of gold-bearing sulfides （e.g. pyrite and arsenopyrite） are obtained by LA-ICP-MS.Analysis results show that it can be divided into two metallogenic stages，stage Ⅰ is quartz+pyrite+arsenopyrite+sericite+gold，stage Ⅱ is quartz+sericite+minor gold.The homogenization temperature of stage Ⅰ quartz fluid inclusions in the Chaxi deposit is 155~297 ℃ with a peak value of 210~220 ℃ and the salinity［w（NaCl）］ is 4.9%~11.7%.The homogenization temperature of stage Ⅱ quartz fluid inclusions in the Chaxi deposit is 135~233 ℃ with a peak value of 160~170 ℃ and the salinity is 3.3%~9.7%.The homogenization temperature of quartz fluid inclusions in the Jinkeng deposit is 202~261 ℃ with a peak value of 210~220 ℃ and the salinity is 5.6%~10.1%.The homogenization temperature of stage Ⅱ quartz fluid inclusions in the Jinkeng deposit is 134~203 ℃ with a peak value of 150~160 ℃ and the salinity is 3.8%~8.8%.The homogenization temperature of stage Ⅰ quartz fluid inclusions in the Huanggou deposit is 176~319 ℃ with a peak value of 220~240 ℃ and the salinity is 5.1%~11.7%.The H-O isotopic composition of the ore-forming fluids in the three deposits has a similar evolution trend：The stage Ⅰ δ18Ofluid change from +4.95‰ to +6.95‰ and the stage Ⅱ δ18Ofluid change from +1.08‰ to +1.38‰，while the δD value changes greatly，from -83‰ to -33‰.Therefore，the stage Ⅰ ore-forming fluid is a medium-temperature and medium-low-salinity fluid，the source of which are dominated by metamorphic water with overprint of deep magma water and the stage Ⅱ ore-forming fluid is a low-temperature and low-salinity fluid，indicating an addition of meteoric water.In addition，the δ34S values of pyrite in the Huanggou deposit is scattered，ranging from -15.79‰ to +3.88‰，while the δ34S values of sulfide in the Jinkeng deposit is concentrated，which is -5.02‰~+0.74‰.Combined with the sulfur isotope composition of regional strata and the EPMA analysis of pyrite，it is believed that the sulfur source of gold-bearing sulfide （δ34S value near zero） is mainly originated from deep magmatic，but no gold or with trace gold content sulfide （negative δ34S value） are derived from wall rock formation.
Yuhua XIE , Hua GAO , Zhe ZHANG , Liang YANG , Xinxing KE , Xiaomin LIU , Jianbiao LUO , Qi LIU , Kunlin XU , Jishun LIU , Zhilin WANG , Hua KONG , Biao LIU . Ore-forming Fluid Characteristics and Material Source of Gold Deposits in Tongdao County，Hunan Province：Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and H-O-S Isotopes[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2021 , 29(1) : 74 -89 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.01.138
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