With the implementation of the grand western development program，a number of mines located at high altitude have appeared in China，where the special environmental factors of low air pressure and low temperature have brought challenge to the dust extraction work of the mines.The large amount of productive dust will cause serious damage to human respiratory system and is one of the main threats to the health of mine workers.The working face of the excavation roadway is one of the largest productive dust sources in underground mining operation.Therefore，it is of great engineering value and theoretical significance to study the dust extraction method of excavation roadway in high-altitude mine.In order to optimize the ventilation method of dust extraction in an excavation roadway of high-altitude mine and study the law of dust particle diffusion and distribution，the numerical simulation was conducted with computational fluid dynamics software Fluent and an excavation roadway （with section shape of three centered arch） at an altitude of 3 700 m in Pulang mine was taken as research object.The Lagrange discrete phase model was selected to calculate the gas-solid flow，which allows the exchange of momentum，mass and energy between continuous phase and discrete phase but ignores the interaction between particles.Through analyzing six different ventilation scheme models about far-forcing-near-exhausting（FFNE），near-forcing-far-exhausting（NFFE） and pure forcing（PF） established in this paper，the airflow field，dust particle distribution and respiratory zone dust particle concentration of them were analyzed and compared to optimize the better ventilation method.The distance between the pressure vent and the heading face and the distance between the center of the air duct and the ground were set as parameters to optimize the position of the air duct of the blowing ventilation.The mass concentration of dust particles and the law of dust particle diffusion in the selected plan were analyzed and compared with the excavation roadway in plain mine under the same ventilation condition.The following conclusions can be drawn：For the excavation roadway at an altitude of 3 700 m in Pulang mine，the best solution for dust extraction is using blowing ventilation scheme where the air duct is arranged in the position directly above the center of the roadway，while the distance between the pressure vent and the heading face is set to 16 m， and the distance between the center of the air duct and the ground is set to 3 m.The sedimentation of dust particles makes the mass concentration of dust particles is high at the bottom of the roadway and low at the top of the roadway.The mass concentration of dust particles at the cross section of the roadway （1 m，5 m，10 m，20 m，30 m） increases first and then decreases.The occurrence point of the maximum value of the dust particle mass concentration moves away from the working face with time，and its value generally decreases.Under the same ventilation condition，the dust extraction efficiency of high altitude mine is better than that of plain mine.