Underground mining will inevitably change the stress state of the original rock and stress equilibrium state of overlying strata.The overlying strata move and deform during this process until a new stress balance is reached.During this process，the overlying rock layer moves and deforms，and passes upward to cause deformation of the ground surface.Because the ore bodies are mostly inclined，the movement rules of the surface and deep rock bodies caused by underground mining of metal mines are often different from those of sedimentary strata mines such as coal mines.In addition，fault activation often occurs under the action of excavation，leading to discontinuous and uncoordinated deformation of the surface and rock strata.Rock deformation，shaft deformation and fault activation caused by mining of inclined orebody have posed a serious threat to mine engineering.Many researchers have done a lot of research including theory，experiments and numerical simulations.In order to study the deformation and failure rules of vertical shaft under the mining of inclined ore body and fault activation，a physical simulation method for small models of soft materials was introduced.This method overcame many shortcomings of traditional physical simulation methods and had the advantages of simple operation and recycled.It could reflect the influence of self-weight stress on the physical and mechanical properties of materials in the molding process.This method was then used to carry out excavation experiments on models with different inclination angles of ore bodies and faults and good experimental results were finally obtained.The experimental results show that the location and settlement value of the settlement center change with the inclined angle of the ore body under the action of self-weight stress.The shaft is affected in a different way by mining because of varied angle of ore body.The vertical displacement of the shaft may be the result of overlying strata movement in goaf.It may also be due to the superposition of the overburden`s movement and the mining operation below.It depends on relative position of shaft and goaf.The hidden fault above the excavation area has the function of shielding vertical displacement to a certain extent when the dip angle is extremely low.The fault activation become stronger when the fault dip is close to 45° and it has a greater impact on surface deformation.The shaft is also subjected to greater squeezing and shearing action.These results have a valuable reference for mining design and site selection of shaft.