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Gold Science and Technology ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 282-291.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.02.007

• Mining Technology and Mine Management • Previous Articles     Next Articles

A Study on Competition and Complementarity of Mineral Products Trade Between China and Pakistan

Ligang XU1,2,3(),Qingwu ZHAN1,Xinglong LIU1   

  1. 1.School of Economics Management, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
    2.Mining Development Research Center of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
    3.Pakistan Research Center of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2023-01-03 Revised:2023-02-20 Online:2023-04-30 Published:2023-04-27

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Abstract:

The construction of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is moving toward high-quality development，and strengthening the trade of mineral products between China and Pakistan is also one of the important contents.Pakistan has good metallogenic conditions and relatively abundant resource reserves such as metal ores.Analyzing the competitive and complementary trade of mineral products between China and Pakistan in order to grasp the new direction of trade cooperation can provide new ideas to solve the problem of tightening mineral resource constraints in China.Based on the trade data in the UN COMTRADE database from 2005 to 2021，this paper measures the relative trade advantage index（RTA） and the bilateral comprehensive complementarity coef-ficient（OBC） to explore the competitiveness and complementarity of China-Pakistan mineral products trade based on the description of the development status and trade structure of bilateral mineral products trade between China and Pakistan，respectively.The results show that the development of China-Pakistan mineral trade is stable，but the trade structures of both sides differ greatly.The mineral products in which China and Pakistan each have trade advantages are different，and Pakistan has a larger number of mineral products with relative trade advantages，and the country mainly takes advantage of the metal mineral category，while China takes advantage of oil and gas products.In general，the competitiveness of China-Pakistan mineral trade is weak，and in the long run，China and Pakistan will form a complementary relationship，mainly focusing on metal ores，refined oil products and oil derivatives，etc.mineral products category.The study finds that China and Pakistan have great potential for cooperation in mineral trade，which can，to a certain extent，provide a new way to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of mineral products in China.In the future，China should firmly orient its policies and make full use of the complementary relationship to continue to maintain and develop its mineral products trade exchanges with Pakistan and seek breakthroughs in industrial cooperation and other aspects.

Key words: mineral trade, trade structure, competition, complementarity, China-Pakistan, trade advantage

CLC Number: 

  • TD9

Table 1

Range of mineral products"

矿产品类别代码名称矿产品类别代码名称

27类：

粗肥料

272粗肥料

28类：

金属矿及金属屑

28785铌、钽、钒矿石及其精矿
273石、砂及砾石28791铬矿石及其精矿
274硫磺及未焙烧的黄铁矿石28792钨矿石及其精矿
277天然研磨料28793钴矿石及其精矿
278其他原矿物28799其他贱金属矿石及其精矿

28类：

金属矿及金属屑

281铁矿石及其精矿288有色金属废料及碎屑
282钢铁废料、碎屑、再熔废锭28911银矿石及其精矿
283铜矿石及其精矿28919其他贵金属矿石及其精矿
284镍矿石及其精矿2892贵金属废料及碎片
2851铝矿石及其精矿

3类：

矿物燃料、润滑油及有关原料

321未成块的煤
2852铝土322煤砖、褐煤及泥煤
2861铀矿石及其精矿325焦炭及半焦炭
2862钍矿石及其精矿333原油
2874铅矿石及其精矿334石油提炼油及废油
2875锌矿石及其精矿335石油残渣副产品及有关原料
2876锡矿石及其精矿342液化丙烷及丁烷
2877锰矿石及其精矿343天然气
28781焙烧的钼矿石及其精矿344其他石油气
28782钼矿石及其精矿345煤气、水煤气及类似气体
28783钛矿石及其精矿351电流
28784锆矿石及其精矿

Fig.1

Changes in bilateral trade between China and Pakistan from 2005 to 2021"

Fig.2

Bilateral mineral trade changes between China and Pakistan from 2005 to 2021"

Fig.3

Relative trade advantage index of China-Pakistan mineral products from 2005 to 2021"

Table 2

Overall bilateral complementary coefficient of China-Pakistan mineral products"

代码OBC代码OBC
2720.141287850.141
2730.553287910.024
274-0.22128792-0.227
2770.17928793-0.287
2780.786287990.235
2810.4832880.391
2820.509289110.191
2830.49728919-0.029
2840.06528920.326
28510.329321-0.219
28520.143322-0.707
2861/3250.510
28620.0933330.787
28740.3723340.339
28750.020335-0.603
2876/3420.017
28770.034343-0.875
28781/344-0.462
28782-0.0693450.017
287830.0113510.579
287840.326

Table 3

Type of complementary China-Pakistan mineral products"

代码名称代码名称
272粗肥料2875锌矿石及其精矿
273石、砂及砾石2877锰矿石及其精矿
277天然研磨料28791铬矿石及其精矿
278其他原矿物28911银矿石及其精矿
281铁矿石及其精矿2892贵金属废料及碎片
283铜矿石及其精矿325焦炭及半焦炭
2851铝矿石及其精矿334石油提炼油及废油
2874铅矿石及其精矿351电流
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[1] Ligang XU,Jingwen GUAN,Meijuan XU. Construction of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor：Cooperation Mode and Guarantee Measures of Nonferrous Metals Industry [J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2020, 28(2): 195-202.
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