针对露天矿山水孔装药爆破中，爆破效果不佳的问题，采用孔底水间隔装药结构，研究起爆方式对岩体损伤的影响。通过建立爆破数值模型，分析岩体细观损伤、应力变化和能量传递特征；利用图像处理方法，对岩体损伤图片进行二值化处理，分析岩体爆后块度分布规律；引入块度评价指标，结合现场试验对爆破效果进行评价。结果表明：反向起爆时损伤集中于孔口，有利于后续铲装；孔底水间隔会延长能量和应力作用至孔底的时间；反向起爆时岩体损伤面积较正向起爆增大19.76%，较中心起爆增大5.78%；设置起爆高度（起爆点与水间隔上端的距离）为2倍水间隔长度时，损伤提高了2.3%，炸药单耗降低了5.3%，实现爆破效率的提升。研究结果可为工程应用中装药结构及爆破参数的调整提供参考。

This study addresses the issue of suboptimal blasting efficacy in water hole blasting within open-pit mines by investigating the impact of detonation modes on rock mass damage.Utilizing a water interval charge configuration at the bottom of the borehole，a numerical simulation model was developed to analyze how variations in the initiation point’s location and initiation height affect the meso-damage，stress variations，and energy transfer characteristics of the rock mass.The employed image processing technique facilitates the binarization of rock mass damage images，enabling an analysis of the distribution characteristics of rock mass damage and fragmentation post-blasting.The effectiveness of the blasting process was assessed by incorporating a block evaluation index in conjunction with field testing.The findings indicate that variations in the detonation point position influence the energy distribution and stress propagation post-explosion，resulting in differential rock mass damage.Notably，during reverse detonation，the rock at the orifice experiences uniform fragmentation，which is advantageous for subsequent excavation activities.The presence of a water interval at the bottom of the hole extends the duration of energy and stress exerted on the hole’s base.Consequently，the damage area of the rock mass under reverse initiation increases by 19.76% compared to forward initiation and by 5.78% compared to central initiation.When the water interval at the bottom of the hole measures 0.5 meters，the initiation height is set at twice the interval length from the water interval，resulting in a distance of 1 meter.Under these conditions，the rock mass damage increases by 2.3%，while explosive unit consumption decreases by 3%~4%.The bulk size，block unevenness coefficient，and bulk rate are significantly reduced，resulting in enhanced blasting efficiency and improved blasting outcomes.This research offers valuable insights for optimizing charge structure and adjusting blasting parameters in engineering applications.

http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2024/1005-2518/1005-2518-2024-32-6-1090.shtml