浸矿场地土壤重金属污染严重制约离子型稀土资源绿色开发。在原地浸矿过程中，浸矿液与稀土阳离子发生离子交换反应，同时置换出部分重金属离子，导致土壤重金属活化，进而造成土壤及地下水重金属污染。通过开展不同浓度MgSO₄浸矿条件下离子型稀土模拟浸矿试验，揭示了浸矿液浓度对离子型稀土重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Tl释放的影响规律，通过相关性分析和多元线性回归分析，对重金属含量与影响因素进行解析。研究结果表明：在不同浓度MgSO₄的浸矿作用下，典型重金属呈现纵向迁移的趋势。重金属Cu、Pb、Tl含量与MgSO₄浓度之间存在负相关关系，Zn含量与MgSO₄浓度相关性不显著，Cu主要富集在中层土壤，Zn主要富集在中下层土壤，Pb和Tl主要富集在下层土壤。土壤pH值与Eh值呈显著负相关，土壤pH值、Eh值与典型重金属存在相关性。研究结果为矿区土壤重金属污染防治与绿色开采提供理论依据。

Ion-type rare earth deposits，which are abundant in medium and heavy rare earth elements，constitute strategic mineral resources predominantly located in Jiangxi，Fujian，Guangxi，and several other southern provinces and regions.In these deposits，rare earth elements are adsorbed onto clay minerals as hydrated cations or hydroxyl hydrated cations.Due to this specific mode of occurrence，conventional mining and beneficiation techniques are ineffective for their extraction.Consequently，the in-situ leaching method is recommended for the efficient recovery of these elements.During the leaching process，an electrolyte solution is introduced into the mineral soil to facilitate ion exchange leaching.Concurrently，heavy metal ions present in the mine soil are mobilized and transported to adjacent farmland and water bodies along with the leaching solution.This migration poses a significant environmental impact on the surrounding areas of the mine.The resultant heavy metal contamination in the soil at the leaching site severely hinders the sustainable development of ion-type rare earth resources.During the in-situ leaching process，the leaching solution engages in an ion exchange reaction with rare earth cations.Concurrently，this process displaces certain heavy metal ions，leading to the mobilization of these metals within the soil.Consequently，this mobilization can result in the contamination of both soil and groundwater with heavy metals.In this study，simulated leaching experiments of ion-type rare earth elements were conducted using three different concentrations of MgSO₄ solutions（3%，6%，9%）.The objective was to elucidate the impact of leaching solution concentration on the release of ion-type rare earth heavy metals，specifically Cu，Zn，Pb，and Tl.The content and influencing factors of these heavy metals were analyzed through correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.The findings indicate that，under the influence of varying concentrations of MgSO₄，the typical heavy metals exhibit a longitudinal migration trend.A negative correlation was observed between the concentrations of Cu，Pb，and Tl and the concentration of MgSO₄，while no significant correlation was found between Zn and MgSO₄ concentration.Cu was predominantly enriched in the middle soil strata，Zn in both the middle and lower soil strata，and Pb and Tl primarily in the lower soil strata.Additionally，a significant negative correlation was identified between soil pH and Eh values.Furthermore，correlations were noted between soil pH and Eh values and the concentrations of typical heavy metals.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution and green mining in the mining area.

中国自然资源报）

http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2024/1005-2518/1005-2518-2024-32-6-1056.shtml