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矿产勘查与资源评价

甘肃花牛山金矿床成矿流体性质及矿床成因

  • 宋高瑞 ,
  • 翟新伟 ,
  • 王二腾 ,
  • 武磊 ,
  • 陈万峰 ,
  • 郑菲菲 ,
  • 王海东 ,
  • 王金荣
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  • 兰州大学地质科学与矿产资源学院,甘肃 兰州 730000
翟新伟(1976-),男,河南郑州人,副教授,从事构造地质与成矿方面的研究及教学工作。

宋高瑞(2000-),男,甘肃文县人,硕士研究生,从事构造与成矿研究工作。

收稿日期: 2023-05-15

  修回日期: 2023-10-17

  网络出版日期: 2024-01-26

基金资助

国家第二次青藏科考项目“活动断裂与地震灾害”(2019QZKK0901)

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2023-it17)

Properties of Ore-forming Fluids and Genesis of the Huaniushan Gold Deposit in Gansu Province

  • Gaorui SONG ,
  • Xinwei ZHAI ,
  • Erteng WANG ,
  • Lei WU ,
  • Wanfeng CHEN ,
  • Feifei ZHENG ,
  • Haidong WANG ,
  • Jinrong WANG
Expand
  • School of Earth Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China

Received date: 2023-05-15

  Revised date: 2023-10-17

  Online published: 2024-01-26

摘要

花牛山金矿位于北山造山带南部,矿体产出于印支期钾长花岗岩脉与大理岩的接触部位,成矿期次可划分为早期矽卡岩期和晚期石英硫化物期(主成矿期)。主成矿期中石英和方解石的流体包裹体性质表明,Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段成矿流体均具有中低温、中盐、中高密度以及含CO2和CH4的特征,属H2O-CO2-NaCl体系;温度—盐度特征指示成矿流体主要为岩浆水和大气降水混合来源;方解石δ 13CV-PDB平均值为1.7‰,δ 18OV-PDB平均值为-22.5‰,δ 18OV-SMOW平均值为7.69‰,O同位素呈强烈分异特征,暗示着成矿流体为岩浆水和大气降水混合来源。矿石中黄铁矿S同位素δ 34S平均值为-9.73‰,其较大的负值或与围岩地层有关,指示该矿床硫源或为岩浆与地层的混合来源。成矿深度及压力特征表明花牛山金矿属于浅成型矿床。综合分析认为,花牛山金矿床为中低温热液交代型(矽卡岩型)金矿床,可能是晚三叠世时期花牛山地区多期次的后造山岩石圈伸展和幔源岩浆底侵作用导致来自深处的成矿流体沿着裂隙断裂向上移动,与围岩发生反应并与大气降水混合,随着压力降低,成矿物质沉淀富集,随之发生金成矿作用。

本文引用格式

宋高瑞 , 翟新伟 , 王二腾 , 武磊 , 陈万峰 , 郑菲菲 , 王海东 , 王金荣 . 甘肃花牛山金矿床成矿流体性质及矿床成因[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2023 , 31(6) : 873 -887 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.06.073

Abstract

The Huaniushan gold deposit is located in the south of Beishan orogenic belt.The orebody is hosted in the contact zone between the Indosinian K-feldspar granite veins and marble.The mineralization process can be divided into early skarn stage and late quartz sulfide stage(main metallogenic stage).The fluid inclusion properties of quartz and calcite in the main metallogenic period indicate that the ore-forming fluid has the characteristics of medium-low temperature,medium salt,medium-high density,and with CO2 and CH4,which belongs to the H2O-CO2-NaCl system.The temperature-salinity characteristics indicate that the ore-forming fluid is the mixture of magmatic water and atmospheric precipitation.The average value of δ 13CV-PDBδ 18OV-PDB and δ 18OV-SMOW of calcite is 1.7‰,-22.5‰ and 7.69‰,respectively,and the O isotope strong differentiation suggest that magmatic water mixed with atmospheric precipitation to form ore-forming fluids.The average value of sulfur isotope δ 34S of pyrite in the ore is -9.73‰,and its large negative value may be related to the surrounding rock strata,indicating that the sulfur source of the deposit may be a mixed source of magma and strata.The metallogenic depth and pressure features hint that the Huaniushan gold deposit belongs to the shallow metal-logenic depth.Comprehensive analysis shows that Huaniushan gold deposit is a medium-low temperature hydrothermal metasomatic (skarn type) gold deposit.Summarily,in the late Triassic,Huaniushan area expe-rienced multi-stage post-orogenic lithospheric extension and mantle-derived magma underplating,the ore-forming fluid produced in the deep and moved upward along the fracture,reacted with the surrounding rock and mixed with atmospheric precipitation.With the pressure decreasing,the ore-forming materials were precipitated and enriched,and initiated the gold mineralization.

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内蒙古白云鄂博发现重稀土新矿物

在国家自然科学基金委《战略性关键金属超常富集成矿动力学》重大研究计划集成项目2023年度进展报告会上,中国地质大学(北京)教授李国武正式宣布,在包头白云鄂博发现一种全新结构重稀土矿物——白云钇钡矿。

白云钇钡矿的发现,是中国科学院院士李献华主持的“白云鄂博超大型REE-Nb矿床的时空演化和资源量”项目的重要创新成果之一。该发现由中国地质大学(北京)、包钢集团和中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所合作完成,并获得国际矿物学协会新矿物命名及分类委员会全票批准通过,批准号为IMA 2023-084。

据了解,白云钇钡矿发现于白云鄂博深部岩芯矿,是一种化学成分组成全新、晶体结构全新的新矿物,含有钇、镝、钆、铒、镥等重稀土元素。李献华介绍:“白云钇钡矿是一种全新结构和全新成分的新矿物,也是世界上首次发现的氟碳酸盐重稀土新矿物。”

在白云鄂博矿床中,重稀土元素的赋存状态及资源前景是一个重要的科学问题。白云钇钡矿的发现,对认识白云鄂博重稀土赋存状态、了解矿床的形成与演变等有重要的意义。

自2022年以来,白云鄂博以每年发现一种新矿物的速度,不断刷新人们对自然界矿物多样性的认知。新矿物的发现对白云鄂博矿床成因研究具有很大的推动作用,进一步丰富了白云鄂博矿物数据库,为今后深入研究白云鄂博矿形成过程和元素富集机制提供了参考方法。

据悉,自1959年以来,白云鄂博共计发现了18种新矿物,约占我国发现新矿物总数的10%。该矿床也是我国发现新矿物最多的矿床。

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