收稿日期: 2023-03-09
修回日期: 2023-05-28
网络出版日期: 2023-11-21
基金资助
国家社会科学基金一般项目“稀土产品全球贸易网络格局演化与中国战略地位提升研究”(21BGL182)
Evolution of the Global Trade Network Pattern of Rare Earth Products and Its Influencing Factors
Received date: 2023-03-09
Revised date: 2023-05-28
Online published: 2023-11-21
为了探讨稀土产品贸易网络格局演化影响机制,选取2009—2020年54个主要国家(地区)7种稀土产品的国际贸易数据,运用社会网络分析方法分别从整体和个体层面对比分析了7种主要稀土产品贸易网络格局演化及个体结构特征,并运用指数随机图模型分析和解释了稀土产品贸易网络形成的基础机制。研究发现:(1)稀土矿、稀土氧化物、铈铁以及稀土永磁材料贸易网络的贸易联系趋于紧密,且所有稀土产品贸易网络具有较高的集团性和连通性,呈现出小世界特征,但是该特征趋于弱化;(2)稀土产品出口主要集中在少数稀土大国,稀土金属、铈化合物、稀土氧化物、铈铁和稀土铁合金贸易网络呈现明显的“富人俱乐部”现象;(3)核心国家相对固定,德国和中国均为核心国家,德国影响力优势趋于弱化,中国影响力有所提升;(4)互惠性、多连通性、传递闭合性、聚敛性和扩张性结构效应对7种稀土产品贸易网络演化具有显著的异质性影响。研究结果为我国缓解经贸摩擦、促进稀土国际经济合作提供了政策启示。
廖秋敏 , 罗连英 . 稀土产品全球贸易网络格局演化及其影响因素[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2023 , 31(5) : 823 -834 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2023.05.041
Rare earths are listed as crisis minerals,key raw materials or strategic minerals by countries around the world.Taking the trade networks of main rare earth products as the research object,the research gets trade data of 7 kinds of rare earth products from 54 major countries(or regions) during the period of 2009—2020,and the evolution of 7 rare earth products trade networks was compared by social network analysis,and the basis of trade network formation mechanism was explained by using the Exponential Random Graph Model(ERGM) analysis method.The conclusions are as follows:(1)Trade network links of some rare earth products,such as rare earth mineral substances,compounds of rare-earth metals,Ferro-cerium and permanent magnet,are getting tight.While the overall structures of all the networks are still relatively loose.Trade networks of all rare earth products have a high community structure and connectivity,showing a small world property but gradually weakening.(2)In the trade networks of 7 rare earth products,it can be easily found that huge trade volumes are controlled by a few countries,with an obvious center-periphery phenomenon.Rich Club Phenomenon is significant in trade networks of rare earth metals,rare-earth compounds,cerium compounds,Ferro-cerium and Ferro-alloys.(3)Countries’ performance in Degree Centrality remain stable.Germany and China are both core countries,but Germany’s advantage is weakening while China strengthening.(4)Influences of mutualism,multi-connectivity,transitive closure,convergence and expansionary structural effects on trade network evolution of 7 rare earth products are significantly heterogeneous.The research results provide policy enlightenment for China to strengthen the strategic research and judgment of the new pattern and new situation of global rare earth product trade and alleviate economic and trade frictions.
null | Chen Z H, An H Z, An F,et al,2018.Structural risk evaluation of global gas trade by a network-based dynamics simulation model[J].Energy,159:457-471. |
null | Dong D, Gao X Y, Sun X Q,et al,2018.Factors affecting the formation of copper international trade community:Based on resource dependence and network theory[J].Resources Policy,57:167-185. |
null | Gao Fengping, Zhang Pu, Liu Dacheng,et al,2019.The rare earths global market updates and the rare earths industry master plan of the united states and its allies[J].Journal of International Trade,(7):63-81. |
null | Hou W Y, Liu H F, Wang H,et al,2018.Structure and patterns of the international rare earths trade:A complex network analysis[J].Resources Policy,55:133-142. |
null | Ji Qidi, Liu Weidong, Chen Wei,et al,2021.Structure of global copper-containing products trade network based on industrial chain perspective[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,41(1):44-54. |
null | Li Hangfei, Wei Shaobin,2022.A study on spatial-temporal pattern evolution of global rare earth trade network and China’s status change[J].World Regional Studies: 1-16[2023-10-10].. |
null | Li Qi, Zheng Minggui, Luo Yuwen,2022.Research on China’s rare earth trade security(1992—2018)—Based on complex network analysis method[J].Chinese Rare Earths,43(1):147-158. |
null | Li Huajiao, An Haizhong, Qi Yajie,et al,2020.Trade and competitiveness structure of China’s advantageous mineral resources based on the international trade network of industrial chain:A case study of tungsten[J].Resources Science,42(8):1504-1514. |
null | Liu Jianwei,2022.Strategic competition and rebuilding of the U.S.rare earth industrial chain[J].Pacific Journal,30(12):52-63. |
null | Liu Luxin,2021.Changes and prospects of U. S. science and technology strategy[J].Contemporary International Relations,(10):37-45. |
null | Ma Yuan, Gong Yuanyuan,2021.Deconstruction of energy trade network situation and influencing factors in “Silk Road Economic Belt”:Based on social network analysis[J].International Business,(4):101-119. |
null | Ma Yuan, Lei Huifang,2019.Simulation of energy trade network evolution and connectivity effect of countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt[J].Journal of Statistics and Information,34(9):92-102. |
null | Ma Yuan, Xu Lili,2017.Natural gas trade network of countries along the “Belt and Road”[J].World Economy Studies,(3):109-122,136. |
null | Peng Peng, Cheng Shifen, Yang Yu,et al,2021.Research on characteristics and evolution of global LNG transportation network[J].Geographical Research,40(2):373-386. |
null | Wang W Y, Li Z F, Cheng X,2019.Evolution of the global coal trade network:A complex network analysis[J].Resources Policy,62:496-506. |
null | Wang X B, Yao M T, Li J S,et al,2019.Global embodied rare earths flows and the out flow paths of China’s embodied rare earths:Combining multi-regional input-output analysis with the complex network approach[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,216:435-445. |
null | Wu Yiding, Peng Zilong, Lai Dan,et al,2023.Exploring international rare earth industry landscape changes and China’s strategic responses[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,38(2):255-264. |
null | Xi X, Zhou J S, Gao X Y,et al,2019.Impact of changes in crude oil trade network patterns on national economy[J].Energy Economics,84:104490. |
null | Xia Qifan, Du Debin,2022.Evolution of energy trade structure in the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and its trade relations with China[J].Geographical Research,41(7):1797-1813. |
null | Xia X H, Chen B, Wu X D,et al,2017.Coal use for world economy:Provision and transfer network by multi-region input-output analysis[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,143:125-144. |
null | Xu Shuitai, Ma Caiwei, Zhu Wenxing,2022.Study on the structure and evolution of rare earth trade network along the Belt and Road[J].Gold Science and Technology,30(2):196-208. |
null | Xu Helian, Sun Tianyang, Cheng Lihong,2015.Trade patterns and influence factors of high-end manufacturing on “One Belt and One Road”[J].Finance and Trade Economics,(12):74-88. |
null | Yu Yu, Ma Daipeng, Wang Xianmei,2022.International trade network resilience for products in the whole industrial chain of iron ore resources[J].Resources Science,44(10):2006-2021. |
null | Zhang Hong, Ding Hao, Zhang Lijun,et al,2020.Global natural gas trade pattern evolution and development of China’s natural gas importing paths[J].Areal Research and Development,39(6):1-5. |
null | Zhong W Q, Dai T, Wang G S,et al,2018.Structure of international iron flow:Based on substance flow analysis and complex network[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,136:345-354. |
null | Zhu Kongchao, Zhao Yuan, Xia Siyou,et al,2023.Evolution of the petroleum products trade network of countries along the “Belt and Road”[J].World Regional Studies,32(6):1-13. |
null | Zhu Kongchao, Zhao Yuan, Yao Yabing,et al,2022.Global rare earth import competition pattern and prediction for potential trade links[J].Resources Science,44(1):70-84. |
null | Zhuang Delin, Li Jiahao, Chen Ziruo,et al,2022.The dynamic change of global rare earth trade network and its impact mechanism:From the perspective of industrial chain[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,42(11):1900-1911. |
null | 高风平,张璞,刘大成,等,2019.国际稀土市场新格局与中国稀土产业战略选择[J].国际贸易问题,(7):63-81. |
null | 计启迪,刘卫东,陈伟,等,2021.基于产业链的全球铜贸易网络结构研究[J].地理科学,41(1):44-54. |
null | 李航飞,魏少彬,2022.全球稀土贸易网络时空格局演化与中国地位变迁研究[J].世界地理研究: 1-16[2023-10-10].. |
null | 李华姣,安海忠,齐亚杰,等,2020.基于产业链国际贸易网络的中国优势矿产资源全球贸易格局和竞争力——以钨为例[J].资源科学,42(8):1504-1514. |
null | 李期,郑明贵,罗宇文,2022.中国稀土贸易安全研究(1992—2018)——基于复杂网络分析方法[J].稀土,43(1):147-158. |
null | 刘建伟,2022.大国战略竞争背景下美国稀土产业链的重建及其影响[J].太平洋学报,30(12):52-63. |
null | 刘露馨,2021.美国科技战略的变革及前景[J].现代国际关系,(10):37-45. |
null | 马远,宫圆圆,2021.“丝绸之路经济带”能源贸易网络态势解构及影响因素——基于社会网络分析法[J].国际商务(对外经济贸易大学学报),(4):101-119. |
null | 马远,雷会妨,2019.丝绸之路经济带沿线国家能源贸易网络演化及互联互通效应模拟[J].统计与信息论坛,34(9):92-102. |
null | 马远,徐俐俐,2017.“一带一路”沿线国家天然气贸易网络结构及影响因素[J].世界经济研究,(3):109-122,136. |
null | 彭澎,程诗奋,杨宇,等,2021.全球液化天然气运输网络特征及其演化[J].地理研究,40(2):373-386. |
null | 吴一丁,彭子龙,赖丹,等,2023.稀土产业链全球格局现状、趋势预判及应对战略研究[J].中国科学院院刊,38(2):255-264. |
null | 夏启繁,杜德斌,2022.21世纪海上丝绸之路能源贸易结构及与中国的贸易关系演变[J].地理研究,41(7):1797-1813. |
null | 徐水太,马彩薇,朱文兴,2022.“一带一路”稀土贸易网络结构及演化研究[J].黄金科学技术,30(2):196-208. |
null | 许和连,孙天阳,成丽红,2015.“一带一路”高端制造业贸易格局及影响因素研究——基于复杂网络的指数随机图分析[J].财贸经济,(12):74-88. |
null | 于娱,马代鹏,王贤梅,2022.国际铁矿资源全产业链产品的贸易网络韧性[J].资源科学,44(10):2006-2021. |
null | 张宏,丁昊,张力钧,等,2020.全球天然气贸易格局及中国天然气进口路径研究[J].地域研究与开发,39(6):1-5. |
null | 祝孔超,赵媛,夏四友,等,2023.“一带一路”沿线国家石油产品贸易网络演化分析[J].世界地理研究,32(6):1-13. |
null | 祝孔超,赵媛,姚亚兵,等,2022.全球稀土进口竞争格局分析及潜在贸易联系预测[J].资源科学,44(1):70-84. |
null | 庄德林,李嘉豪,陈紫若,等,2022.全球稀土贸易网络的动态演变与影响机制——基于产业链的视角[J].地理科学,42(11):1900-1911. |
/
〈 | 〉 |