三山岛金矿新立矿区是我国首例实施海底开采的金属矿山。为了研究新立矿区井下矿体围岩变形破坏特征，以与矿体走向垂直的55号勘探线为监测剖面，通过布设井下四等水准监测系统，对55号勘探线剖面内不同深度开采中段巷道顶板围岩的垂直位移进行了长期监测。分析结果表明：（1）海底不同深度各中段矿体开采引起的变形均表现为对上盘岩体的影响范围大，而对下盘岩体影响范围小，越靠近矿体（或控矿断层F₁）部位，顶板围岩的下沉量越大；（2）各中段的累积沉降量曲线总体上表现为不对称漏斗形，其中较浅部的-200 m中段与-240 m中段累积沉降量曲线底部较为平缓，呈近似“锅”状，而深部的-320 m、-400 m、-480 m和-600 m中段沉降曲线呈“漏斗”状；（3）新立矿区矿体厚度、开采深度、开采强度、围岩岩性、围岩岩体结构以及充填效果是影响海底倾斜矿体开采围岩变形的因素，其中，矿区内控矿断层F₁的存在直接影响围岩变形曲线的形态。

In recent years，with the decrease of land mineral resources，the development of marine minerals has become a global emerging industry，especially the mining of coastal bedrock deposits under the sea，has been the focus of mining development in various countries.For large-scale mining under the sea，the movement and deformation of the submarine rockbody poses a major threat to mining safety.It is important to pay attention to the deformation damage of the surrounding rock，which is important to realize the safe and efficient production of submarine mines. In order to study the deformation and damage characteristics of the surrounding rocks of the underground mine body in the Xinli mining area，the 55 exploration line perpendicular to the mine body was used as the monitoring profile，and the roadway roofs of -200 m，-240 m，-320 m，-400 m，-480 m，and -600 m sublevels were monitored by the underground four-level monitoring system that has been deployed since December 2015.The vertical displacements of the surrounding rocks in sublevels of the roadway at -200 m，-240 m，-320 m，-400 m，-480 m and -600 m were monitored for a long time，and the time series data of the settlement of the roadway roof in each sublevel were obtained.The deformation of the surrounding rock caused by metal ore mining is a complex mechanical problem.By analyzing the multi-year monitoring results，several significant characteristics of underground settlement are revealed.（1）The deformation caused by mining of the orebody in sublevel at different depths of the seabed shows a large influence range on the rock mass of the fault hanging wall，while the influence range on the footwall rock mass is small.（2）The closer to the orebody（or the ore-control fault F₁） the greater the subsidence of the rock body，forming the feature that the slope of the curve to the left of the maximum settlement point in the settlement curve is larger in absolute value，while the slope of the curve to the right is slightly smaller in absolute value.（3）The final subsidence curves of the six sublevels in the line 55 profile have similar shapes and are generally asymmetric funnel-shaped，with the -200 m sublevel and the -240 m sublevel having a gentle bottom of the cumulative subsidence curve，which is similar to a “pot”，while the -320 m，-400 m，-480 m and -600 m sublevels have a “funnel” shaped subsidence curve.This phenomenon is related to the mining activities in the mine area.（4）The single settlement value in any monitoring period in the sublevel at any depth has the characteristics of up and down fluctuation，which reflects the non-linear characteristics of settlement deformation to a certain extent.The practice of seabed mining in Sanshandao gold mine confirms that：Since 2005，with the expansion of mining scale，the increase of mining intensity and the extension of mining years，the deformation of some of the underground tunnels is serious，and the movement and deformation of the underground surrounding rocks may cause seawater to gush into the tunnels along the damaged rocks，thus threatening the life safety of mining personnel.The study concluded that the thickness of the orebody，mining depth，mining intensity，surrounding lithology and rock structure as well as filling effect in the Xinli mining area are potential factors affecting the deformation of the surrounding rock in the mining of the inclined orebody.Among them，the presence of the controlling fault F₁ in the mine area directly affects the shape of the surrounding rock deformation curve，and this deformation feature should be considered in future production work as well as safety maintenance work（roadway repair work） to prevent from affecting productivity or even generating safety accidents.

中国自然资源报）

http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2023/1005-2518/1005-2518-2023-31-5-785.shtml