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刘永乐(1985-),男,湖南邵东人,高级工程师,从事矿床地质研究工作。281023605@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2021-11-24
修回日期: 2022-05-14
网络出版日期: 2022-10-31
基金资助
青海省科技计划项目“东昆仑西段金矿成矿规律及找矿突破”(2019-ZJ-7009)
Metallogenic Model of Gold Deposits and Genetic Types in the Western Section of East Kunlun,Qinghai Province
Received date: 2021-11-24
Revised date: 2022-05-14
Online published: 2022-10-31
青海东昆仑西段地质构造复杂,岩浆活动频繁,成矿条件极为优越。在梳理国内外金矿分类的基础上,开展了东昆仑西段金矿成因类型厘定和主要类型金矿成矿模式的研究。结果表明:研究区金矿成因类型有造山型、接触交代型、岩浆期后中低温热液型和机械沉积型,造山型金矿是区内最为重要的矿床类型。金矿成矿模式表现为:三叠纪碰撞—后碰撞阶段,区域壳幔相互作用强烈,形成幔壳源花岗岩及与其有关的金矿成矿系统。主要金矿类型有接触交代型和岩浆期后中低温热液型,分别产于岩体外接触带和岩体顶部;在造山作用下,早期形成的韧性剪切带重复活动,控制了造山型金矿的形成,经历晚古生代—早中生代造山作用以后,区域持续处于陆内发展(盆山转换),山脉强烈隆升,在新生代形成砂金矿。
刘永乐 , 张爱奎 , 刘智刚 , 孙非非 , 何书跃 , 张大明 , 奎明娟 , 张建平 . 青海东昆仑西段金矿成因类型及成矿模式[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2022 , 30(4) : 483 -497 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.04.177
Many gold deposits have been found in the western section of East Kunlun Mountains in Qinghai Province.This area is characterized by complex geological structure,frequent magmatic activity and excellent metallogenic conditions.The geology and prospecting potential of gold deposit were carried out and the metallogenic regularity of gold deposits was preliminarily summarized in this area.However,the late discovery of the deposit and inconvenient natural conditions restrict the systematic study of the genetic types of gold deposits and the establishment of the metallogenic model of the main types of gold deposits in the area,which seriously restricts the breakthrough of gold exploration.Based on the classification of gold deposits at home and abroad and the 27 gold deposits(points) discovered in the study area,this paper determines that the genetic types of gold deposits in the study area are orogenic type,contact metasomatic type,post magmatic medium and low temperature hydrothermal type and mechanical sedimentary type.Among the 27 deposits,there are 18 orogenic gold deposits,accounting for two-thirds.The estimated resource of orogenic gold deposits accounts for 51%.Therefore,orogenic gold deposits are the most important type in the western section of East Kunlun.Through the analysis of metallogenic environment,it is considered that orogenic gold deposits in the area mainly formed in the Late Triassic.Deep fault is the main ore controlling structure,while ductile shear zone,secondary brittle fault,structural fracture and interlayer fracture zone are good ore storage structures.The ore-forming materials come from the background of post collision compression strike slip,and tectonism provides the basis for the accumulation and precipitation of ore-forming materials.Through the study,the metallogenic model of gold deposit in the study area is preliminarily established.Regional metallogenic model of gold deposit manifested as:In the Triassic collision-post collision stage,the regional crust mantle interaction strongly formed the mantle crust derived granite and its related gold mineralization system.The main types of gold deposits are contact metasomatic type and post magmatic medium and low temperature hydrothermal type,which occur in the outer contact zone of the rock mass and the top of the rock mass respectively.The former is such as Haxiyatu deposit and Tawenchahanxi deposit,and the latter is such as Kude’erte deposit.At the same time,the whole region is under the condition of compressive strike slip deformation tectonic stress,and the deep and large fault activity is strong,which leads to the deep metamorphic hydrothermal solution and controls the development of ductile shear zone.The deep metamorphic hydrothermal fluid moves upward under the control of the ductile shear zone. In the process of metamorphism,the ore-forming materials dispersed in the formation rocks are activated into the metamorphic fluid and become the gold initially enriched in the ore bearing hydrothermal medium basic volcanic rocks and other rocks,forming the gold bearing metamorphic hydrothermal fluid.In the ductile brittle deformation transition zone of ductile shear zone,or its side brittle fracture,structural fracture and interlayer structural zone,due to the reduction of pressure and the temperature of gold bearing metamorphic hydrothermal solution,gold and other metallogenic elements precipitated and formed orogenic gold deposits.After the Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic orogeny,the region continued to develop intracontinentally (basin mountain transformation),the mountains rose strongly,and placer gold deposits were formed in Cenozoic.
多宝山矿集区成矿背景研究获新理论支撑
《中国地质调查成果快讯》近日公布了“松嫩地块及周缘关键区带深部地质调查”项目取得的主要成果。该项目的实施,为分析我国北方东部大型矿集区的成矿背景提供了新的视野。
“松嫩地块及周缘关键区带深部地质调查”项目,归属于“深部地质调查工程”,由中国地质调查局地质科学院承担,项目周期为2019—2021年。项目主要目标任务是应用并发展浅—深联测的地质与地球物理调查技术体系,获取高分辨的岩石圈精细结构、物理状态,探明松嫩地块周缘重要缝合带和重大边界断层的构造变形、构造年代学及构造演化特征,促进地球科学理论的创新。
项目组于2019年在黑龙江省黑河地区采集了1条NW-SE向的深地震反射剖面,满覆盖全长185 km,经过初步处理,获得了横跨多宝山矿集区精细的深部图像,为深入分析多宝山矿集区多期次成矿规律提供了新视野。
贺根山—黑河缝合带北段的最终俯冲拼合位置厘定。项目组结合另一条位于大兴安岭中部地区的深地震反射剖面,在齐齐哈尔和孙吴以西的位置均发现了向西倾斜反射簇,其出现在下地壳至深度约42 km以浅的上地幔范围内,倾角约为20°~25°。结合国内外深地震反射剖面调查案例,项目组将其解释为古俯冲遗迹造成的反射,认为这样的倾斜反射代表了松嫩地块与额尔古纳—兴安地块最终俯冲拼合的构造遗迹,其由齐齐哈尔地区延伸至孙吴西侧。
多宝山岩浆弧在内的岩浆弧带的反射特征及空间分布明确。项目组在多宝山剖面上观察到2个倒三角形的透明反射区,分别位于多宝山地区和霍龙门北侧地区,这与前人在黑河—大石寨一线发现的2期岩浆弧带相对应,而其在嫩江以南的地区,这2期岩浆弧带叠合在一起,因此在大兴安岭中部剖面上岩浆弧表现为大面积的弱反射。这2条岩浆弧带均位于最终碰撞的俯冲遗迹以西,并与贺根山—河缝合带北部的高磁异常高度相关。
项目组依据以深地震反射剖面为基础的地质—地球物理资料,提出多宝山岩浆弧形成的构造演化模型。根据深地震反射剖面的特征,项目组认为多宝山岩浆弧所在的贺根山缝合带是1个宽度超过100 km的带状构造,其与西侧额尔古纳—兴安地块的反射特征具有明显差异,并且通过1条由地表延伸至中、下地壳的滑脱断层所分隔;通过深地震反射剖面的综合解译,识别出贺根山—黑河缝合带北段的俯冲—沟—弧—弧后构造,其由2期向西的大洋俯冲与最终的块体拼合3个阶段所形成。
(来源:中国矿业网)
http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2022/1005-2518/1005-2518-2022-30-4-483.shtml
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