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采选技术与矿山管理

融资渠道、政府补助与中国矿业企业研发投入

  • 郑明贵 , 1, 2 ,
  • 张静 , 1 ,
  • 董娟 1
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  • 1. 江西理工大学经济管理学院,江西 赣州 341000
  • 2. 中国科学技术大学管理学院,安徽 合肥 230026
张静(1995-),女,安徽滁州人,硕士研究生,从事资源经济与管理方面的研究工作。

郑明贵(1978-),男,安徽颍上人,教授,博士生导师,从事资源经济与管理方面的教学与研究工作。

收稿日期: 2021-02-07

  修回日期: 2021-04-22

  网络出版日期: 2021-07-14

基金资助

国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国战略性矿产资源国家安全评估与预警系统研究(2020-2050)”(18AGL002)

国家自然科学基金重点项目“大数据环境下的评价理论、方法和应用”(71631006)

江西理工大学重大项目培育计划“大数据驱动下国家矿产资源安全战略管理现代化研究”(19ZDPY-08)

Financing Channels,Government Subsidies and R&D Investment of Chinese Mining Enterprises

  • Minggui ZHENG , 1, 2 ,
  • Jing ZHANG , 1 ,
  • Juan DONG 1
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  • 1. School of Economics and Management,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China
  • 2. School of Management,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,Anhui,China

Received date: 2021-02-07

  Revised date: 2021-04-22

  Online published: 2021-07-14

本文亮点

选取2012~2019年中国矿业上市公司为研究样本,采用可行广义最小二乘法进行实证分析,考察了融资渠道对矿业企业研发投入的影响,并检验了政府补助的调节效应与信号传递效应。研究发现:(1)内、外源融资均能显著促进中国矿业企业研发投入,对外源融资渠道做进一步划分发现,股权融资对矿业企业研发投入有显著促进效应,而债权融资则不具有显著影响;(2)政府补助对矿业企业内源融资与研发投入之间的关系具有显著的正向调节效应;(3)政府补助对矿业企业外源融资与研发投入之间的关系具有信号传递效应,即政府补助有助于矿业企业获取更多的外源融资,进而促进企业研发投入的中介作用路径成立。研究结论为我国矿业企业研发融资提供了参考,同时为政府制定相关补贴政策、促进企业自主创新及推动资本市场发展提供了微观证据。

本文引用格式

郑明贵 , 张静 , 董娟 . 融资渠道、政府补助与中国矿业企业研发投入[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2021 , 29(3) : 457 -466 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.03.025

Highlights

As a basic industry,mining needs innovative support in key links such as mining,dressing and metallurgy,so as to solve the problem of extensive and inefficient production,boost the construction of green mines and realize the high-quality development of mining.Research and development(R&D) funds are the premise and foundation for enterprises to carry out innovative R&D activities,and the quantity and quality of innovative achievements largely depend on the support of financing system and policy environment.Then,under the control of the “invisible hand” of the market,can the current financing channels of Chinese mining enterprises promote the R&D investment of enterprises?At the same time,under the intervention of the “visible hand” of the government,what role does the government subsidy obtained by mining enterprises play in the relationship between financing channels and R&D investment of enterprises?In this paper,starting from the sources of R&D investment,the listed mining companies in China from 2012 to 2019 were selected as samples,and the feasible generalized least squares method was used for empirical test.It is found that:(1)Both endogenous financing and exogenous financing can significantly promote R&D investment of Chinese mining enterprises.By further dividing the sources of external financing,it is found that equity financing can significantly promote R&D investment of mining enterprises,while debt financing has no significant impact. (2)Government subsidies have a significant positive regulatory effect on the relationship between endogenous financing and R&D investment of mining enterprises.(3)Government subsidies play a role of signal transmission in the relationship between external financing and R&D investment of mining enterprises,that is,government subsidies help mining enterprises to obtain more external financing,thus promoting the establishment of an intermediary role path for R&D investment of enterprises.To some extent,the conclusions of this paper provide reference value for R&D financing of mining enterprises in China,and provide microscopic evidence for the government to formulate relevant subsidy policies,and promote independent innovation of enterprises and the development of capital market.

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5G技术将引领智能矿山建设

“经过改革开放几十年的快速发展,中国已经成为一个有色金属工业国家,产出和消费连续10多年位居世界第一。特别是2020年,中国的有色金属产量首次突破6 000万t大关,达到6 168万t,同比增长5.5%。”有色金属副主席、秘书长张洪国在最近召开的第九届中国智能化绿色开采技术与装备大会上说。与会专家表示,矿山生产企业应持续发展关注碳达峰、碳中和国家政策。2025年之后,矿山建设企业在新增产能管理方面,可能会面临能耗分析指标的问题,应多采用一种清洁能源。

今后,采矿不仅要对周边环境负责,更要对整个生态环境负责。这就要求矿山企业在建设矿山时,充分评估采矿可能造成的环境和生态影响及破坏,采用科学的设计和先进的技术,尽可能减少采矿过程中对生态环境的影响和破坏,从源头上做好矿区自然生态环境的保护工作。

从保护地表植被的角度出发,有效控制矿山地压活动,维护地表和地下岩层的稳定,可以避免因采矿引起的地表塌陷、山体崩塌和泥石流等地质灾害的发生,从而避免对当地的植被、水资源和生态环境系统造成破坏。

在采矿选矿生产过程中,矿山进行企业发展应以实现精准切割的方法,尽量可以减少废石的产出和排放,同时通过开发新的采选工艺和设备不断提高我国选矿的回收率,减少尾矿排放量,从传统的末端治理技术转移为源头上控制。因此,实现废弃物的大规模资源化利用,对废弃物进行成堆消化处理,减少今后废弃物的排放和贮存,对环境保护具有重要意义。

业内人士认为,2021年可能是矿山企业智能、高效、可持续发展的转折点,环保和安全将迫使企业不断升级。而5G技术将引领智能矿山建设从初级阶段向高级阶段的转型升级。在破坏性地下采矿模式和采矿方法的发展中,将以5G技术为载体,将物联网、云计算大数据、人工智能、自动控制、互联网和机器人设备等新信息技术与现代矿山开发技术深度融合,构建完整区块链的智能采矿系统,实现矿山开采全过程准确、高效、智能运行,保障安全和生态保护,促进矿山企业优质发展。

脚注

http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2021/1005-2518/1005-2518-2021-29-3-457.shtml

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