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采选技术与矿山管理

基于幂律规则的滨海矿山巷道涌水混合比分析

  • 段学良 , 1, 2, 3 ,
  • 马凤山 , 1, 2 ,
  • 郭捷 1, 2 ,
  • 惠鑫 4 ,
  • 顾鸿宇 5 ,
  • 王善飞 6
展开
  • 1. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,中国科学院页岩气与地质工程重点实验室,北京 100029
  • 2. 中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京 100029
  • 3. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 4. 北京市基础设施投资有限公司,北京 100101
  • 5. 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心,四川 成都 610081
  • 6. 山东黄金矿业(莱州)有限公司三山岛金矿,山东 莱州 261442
马凤山(1964-),男,河北吴桥人,研究员,从事地质工程与地质灾害研究工作。

段学良(1994-),男,河北泊头人,博士研究生,从事矿山水文地质与工程地质研究工作。

收稿日期: 2020-06-30

  修回日期: 2020-07-20

  网络出版日期: 2021-03-22

基金资助

国家自然科学基金重点项目“海底采矿对地质环境的胁迫影响与致灾机理”(41831293)

国家自然科学基金青年项目“基于‘盲源分离’的矿山突水水源识别与混合比研究”(41907174)

国家重点研发计划专题“黄渤海不同类型海岸带海水入侵发生机理研究”(2016YFC0402802-01)

Analysis of Mine Water Mixing Ratio in a Coastal Deposit Based on Power Law

  • Xueliang DUAN , 1, 2, 3 ,
  • Fengshan MA , 1, 2 ,
  • Jie GUO 1, 2 ,
  • Xin HUI 4 ,
  • Hongyu GU 5 ,
  • Shanfei WANG 6
Expand
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China
  • 2. Innovation Academy for Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China
  • 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • 4. Beijing Infrastructure Investment Co. ,Ltd. ,Beijing 100101,China
  • 5. Chengdu Center,China Geological Survey,Chengdu 610081,Sichuan,China
  • 6. Sanshandao Gold Mine,Shandong Gold Mining(Laizhou)Company Limited,Laizhou 261442,Shandong,China

Received date: 2020-06-30

  Revised date: 2020-07-20

  Online published: 2021-03-22

本文亮点

滨海采矿引起的突涌水灾害对矿山的安全生产构成了极大威胁,计算巷道涌水的混合比,进一步分析其演化规律对于突涌水事故的防治具有重要意义。将幂律规则应用于三山岛金矿巷道涌水混合比数据的统计分析中,根据2个已有的混合比研究结果,采用概率密度函数pS)对相邻2个监测周期的海水比例波动事件进行了拟合,拟合的相关系数分别达到0.92和0.93,说明海水比例波动值区间间隔的均值与概率密度的分布符合幂律分布。因此,采用幂律规则对研究区的涌水混合比进行统计分析是可信的。研究结果表明:不同方法得出的混合比,在幂律规则下反映出的规律是相同的;海水比例波动值大于48%的概率小于5%,因此将48%视为预警区间的临界值;F3断层附近的涌水点相对其他监测点海水比值波动较大,这是由于F3为导水断层且连通了海水,受采动的影响,F3断层周围的导水通道错综复杂且不稳定。

本文引用格式

段学良 , 马凤山 , 郭捷 , 惠鑫 , 顾鸿宇 , 王善飞 . 基于幂律规则的滨海矿山巷道涌水混合比分析[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2021 , 29(1) : 99 -107 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.01.116

Highlights

The study area,Sanshandao gold mine,is the first coastal mine in China.It belongs to structural fissure water-filled mine,and the hydrogeological conditions are complicated.With the mining of the orebody,multiple water inrush accidents occurred in the shallow and deep parts of the mine,causing the partial roadway to be flooded,and even some sections were accompanied by sand erosion.Water inrush caused by coastal mining is an extreme threat to the safe production of the mine.Therefore,it is important to determine the mine water mixing ratios and analyze its evolutionary law for the prevention of water inrush accidents.The power-law rule is a general law shown in the occurrence of geological disasters in nature.It refers to the relationship between the frequency and the scale of disasters.The frequency of large-scale disasters is low.Conversely,disasters with a high frequency of occurrence are relatively small in scale.To determine the measure of the proportion of seawater,the power-law rule was applied to the statistical analysis of the mixing ratios of the mine water in this study area.Firstly,the results of two existing mixing ratio studies were statistically sorted out,and the probability density statistical results of seawater fluctuation events were obtained.Then,the probability density function pS) was used to fit the fluctuation events of the seawater ratio in two adjacent monitoring periods.Finally,by integrating the fitted curve,the early warning interval of seawater fluctuation value was obtained.The research results show that the correlation coefficients of the fitting reach 0.92 and 0.93,respectively.It indicates that the distribution of the interval mean value and probability density of seawater proportional fluctuation events conformed to the power-law distribution.Thus,it is credible to use the power-law rule to analyze the mixing ratio of the mine water in the study area.For the mixing ratios obtained by different methods,the law reflected under the power law rule is the same.The fluctuation values of the seawater ratio at most monitoring sites are not large,less than 30%.It shows that the power-law rule is not affected by the calculation method of mixing ratio.Because the selected analysis index is the seawater fluctuation value,that is,for the relative value of two monitoring periods,the errors caused by different methods are eliminated.The probability that the fluctuation value of seawater ratio is greater than 48% is less than 5%,so 48% is regarded as the critical value of the warning interval.When the seawater fluctuation value is greater than this value,it should be paid attention to,and combined with the water temperature,flow rate,and other indicators of the water site for further analysis.Water samples near the F3 fault have larger fluctuation values of seawater than that of other water samples because F3 connects the seawater,and due to mining,the water channels around F3 are complicated and unstable.

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Hecla矿业公司百年发展之路的成功“秘诀”

成立于1891年的Hecla矿业公司(Hecla Mining)在两次全球疫情大流行、两次世界大战、经济大萧条以及周期性金属市场的波峰和波谷中生存了下来。该公司取得长期成功的原因之一是愿意适应变化,并希望采用新技术以最大限度地提高安全性、提高效率并减少其在美国、加拿大和墨西哥的业务运营对环境的影响。

Hecla在美国阿拉斯加州东南部的Greens Creek银矿充分展示了利用最新技术不断改善运营的这种思维方式。这很大程度上要归功于21世纪以来新兴技术的采用,例如高速无线数据传输系统和半自动采矿设备。2020年,Greens Creek矿的银产量为1050万盎司,大约占该公司同年银产量(1350万盎司)的77%。

(1)连接性是关键

Greens Creek矿采用的前沿采矿技术的核心是高速无线数据传输系统,其中包括数英里长的通信电缆和连接地下矿井工作区域的无线热点。这种连接性可以提供有关每个人和每台设备所在位置的实时数据,即使是在地下迷宫般延伸到地下以下一英里的地方。

该地下无线网络最初是作为一种安全措施安装的,目的是使射频识别(RFID)技术能够帮助追踪工作人员和设备,该地下无线网络提供的高速无线数据传输可实现对多项技术的赋能。这表现在Greens Creek矿的地下工作人员可采用平板电脑采集和实时传输数据,而不需要像以前一样用纸进行记录并在返回地面时将其所记录的信息录入到公司的计算机系统中。

(2)更高的自动化程度

Greens Creek矿的无线地下网络也帮助实现了从地面操作完全远程和半自动化的采矿设备。此类设备中的第一台于2017年在Greens Creek矿投入使用,是一台远程操作的半自动化长距离铲运机,在Greens Creek矿班组轮换期间运行。坐在地面上一排计算机监视器后面的操作人员负责铲运机第一次运行时的操作,教会该设备在哪里装载和卸载,然后铲运机重复该过程。该设备在每天的两次班组轮换期间运行,每次轮换大约需要两个小时,因此该设备每天可为矿山运送4 h的矿石。

Hecla表示,自动铲运机的另一个优势是它具有防止其撞击其他物体的接近检测器,可使自动铲运机在不碰撞岩壁的前提下比有人驾驶铲运机运行的更快。

(3)按需提供新鲜空气

对于封闭区域,为工作人员保持新鲜空气供应对任何地下矿井都是重要且成本高昂的。

Hecla正在Greens Creek矿利用无线地下连接实现按需通风,这是一种通过自动化进行优化的方法,其目标是为在地下分散的工作场所中进行作业的工作人员提供新鲜空气,同时排出含有多余热量、有害气体和灰尘的已使用空气。

通过将变频驱动器安装到Greens Creek矿的地下风扇来实现新鲜空气在地下工作区域的循环,通风系统能够调节所输送的新鲜空气量,以满足工作区域内工作人员和设备的需要。Hecla表示,若配备这些驱动器,该矿每年可节省约126万美元。

(4)远程采矿机

作为一家具有前瞻性的企业,Hecla着眼于地下采矿的未来。这包括成为第一家订购阿特拉斯·科普柯(Atlas Copco)远程采矿机的公司,该先进采矿设备将地下采矿的多个步骤整合为一个连续作业。借助可切入待开采工作面的刀盘,远程采矿机无需进行传统上用于破碎矿石的钻爆作业。这台具有创新性的采矿机正在爱达荷州的Lucky Friday银矿投入使用。自1942年成立以来,Lucky Friday矿已产出了超过1.55亿盎司的银,以及部分铅和锌。Hecla通过4号竖井的建设将Lucky Friday矿的开发带入了新的深度,将开发地表以下3 048 m处形成的矿化带,从而保障未来20多年的富银矿石开采。

(来源:全球地质矿产信息网)

脚注

http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2021/1005-2518/1005-2518-2021-29-1-99.shtml

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