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[an error occurred while processing this directive]矿井环境高精定位技术研究现状与发展
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毕林(1975-),男,四川通江人,副教授,从事GIS、数字矿山和铲运机无人化等方面的研究工作。Mr.BiLin@163.com |
收稿日期: 2020-09-28
修回日期: 2021-01-06
网络出版日期: 2021-03-22
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目 “基于深度学习和距离场的复杂金属矿体三维建模技术研究”(41572317)
国家重点研发计划项目“基于大数据的金属矿开采装备智能管控技术研发与示范”(2019YFC0605300)
Research Situation and Development of High-precision Positioning Technology for Underground Mine Environment
Received date: 2020-09-28
Revised date: 2021-01-06
Online published: 2021-03-22
地下矿山开采环境恶劣,井下设备的自动化、智能化发展势在必行。井下设备高精度自主定位技术是推动地下智能开采的关键技术之一。为了系统地了解和研究国内外矿井设备定位技术的发展情况和问题所在,基于国内外井下设备高精定位的研究现状分析,综合评述了当前井下定位的核心技术和发展前景。首先归纳了井下常用的环境感知传感器;然后根据井下设备定位的技术手段、硬件基础及算法特点,对当前的研究成果进行了归类分析;最后进行了总结展望,认为不需要外部设备辅助的多传感器融合技术(如基于SLAM的定位方法)是当前地下矿山井下设备定位发展的必然趋势。
毕林 , 王黎明 , 段长铭 . 矿井环境高精定位技术研究现状与发展[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2021 , 29(1) : 3 -13 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2021.01.177
The environmental conditions in underground mines are harsh.In recent years,with the continuous increase in the mining depth of underground mines and the improvement of mining technology requirements,the underground mines are faced with the bad environment of high temperature and high ground pressure,and the working conditions of underground mines workers have become more complex.Ensuring the safety and health of underground personnel is of great significance to promote the stable development of mining enterprises,and it is also one of the core contents of contemporary mine intelligent construction.Therefore,with the rapid development of technologies in the fields of big data,Internet of Things(IOT),unmanned driving and three-dimensional visualization,it is imperative to develop the automation and intelligence of underground equipment.For underground mines,the high-precision autonomous positioning technology of downhole equip-ment is one of the key technologies to promote underground intelligent mining,and it is also the basic guarantee for the realization of automated mining of underground mining equipment.High-precision positioning can ensure that underground personnel and equipment are within an accurate measurable range.At the same time,it is also particularly critical to advance the construction of underground unmanned equipment mining platforms (such as the development of underground LHD).Based on the existing research results of high-precision positioning of underground equipment at home and aboard,after analyzing its development status,the categories of downhole equipment positioning sensors and the latest positioning technologies developed on this basis were summarized,which can be divided into two categories:One is the positioning technology that requires the addition of external equipment in the mine environment for auxiliary positioning,and the other is the positioning technology that only relies on the sensors carried by the equipment itself.The core technology and development prospects of underground mine high-precision positioning were put forward.This paper mainly introduces the current technical status,technical characteristics and development trend of underground mines equipment positioning.Firstly,the environmental sensing sensors commonly used in underground mines was summarized.Then,according to the technical means,hardware basis and algorithm characteristics of un-derground equipment positioning,the current research results were classified and analyzed.After analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various positioning technologies,a summary and prospect were made,and it is considered that multi-sensor fusion technology without the assistance of external equipment(such as SLAM-based positioning method) is the inevitable trend of underground equipment positioning development in underground mines,so as to ensure the stability and accuracy of underground mine positioning to promote mine development smoothly entered the stage of true intelligence.
环球数据:全球银产量将回升
据Mining.com网站报道,环球数据(Global Data)的报告预计,在经历连续4年下降后,2021年全球银产量将增长8.1%,至9.183亿盎司,到2024年将超过10亿盎司,年均增长3.2%。
墨西哥、秘鲁和中国将是矿山银主要增产国,这三国合计产量将从2021年的3.939亿盎司增至2024年的4.439亿盎司。2020年全球银产量估计为8.497亿盎司,下降2.4%,部分原因是最大银生产国采取的封锁和限制措施。另外,矿石储量下降成为近年行业主要担心的问题。
Covid-19疫情对银生产影响最严重时期是在2020年前9个月,世界前10大银生产商总产量同比下降了13.9%。一季度到三季度报告产量损失最大的公司有泛美银业(Pan American,680万盎司)、霍奇斯柴尔德(Hochschild,640万盎司)和布埃纳文图拉矿业公司(Compania De Minas Buenaventura SAA,630万盎司)。
“2020年墨西哥产量预计下降1.8%,矿业活动暂停了2个月直到5月底”,环球数据公司项目副经理温尼特·巴贾杰(Vinneth Bajaj)表示。
“在此期间,秘鲁主要银生产商暂停生产,产量下降的公司主要有泛美银业的科罗拉达(La Colorada)和多罗莱斯(Dolores),弗图纳银业公司(Fortuna Silver)的圣何塞(San Jose)银矿,佩诺莱斯工业集团(Industrias Penoles)的圣西托银矿,以及赫克拉矿业公司(Hecla Mining Company)的圣塞巴斯蒂安(San Sebastian)银矿等等”,巴贾杰说。
“不过,这些因Covid-19造成的产量损失部分被其他主要矿山,包括佩纳斯基托(Penasquito)、瓜纳塞维(Guanacevi)、兹玛番(Zimapan)和奥坎波(Ocampo)产量增长,以及2020年一些项目比如瑞德普拉塔(Rey de Plata)、卡皮雷(Capire)和塔惠惠托(Tahuehueto)等项目投产部分弥补”。
秘鲁产量损失最为严重,2020年产量下降了16%,其中前7个月产量同比下降29.1%。布埃纳文图拉公司旗下的乌楚查夸(Uchucchacua)矿山是产量下降的主要原因,前9个月产量与2019年同期相比减少了400万盎司。泛美银业公司的瓦龙(Huaron)和莫罗克查(Morococha)2座矿山在5月份到9月份期间停产也是重要原因。
“预测期内可能投产的矿山包括秘鲁的科拉尼(Corani)项目,该项目由贝尔克里克(Cear Creek)公司所有。该项目已经获得了所有监管审批和许可,预计2021年第二季度开始建设,2024年投产。”
“另外,墨西哥菲尼克斯(Fenix)金矿项目目前正在进行最终可行性研究。麦克埃文矿业公司持有该项目全部股份,公司计划2021年底开始建设,2022年投产”。
(来源:自然资源部)
http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2021/1005-2518/1005-2518-2021-29-1-3.shtml
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