为切实维护国家利益和满足公众诉求，运用管制经济学理论和方法对稀土出口的管制问题进行分析。通过梳理我国稀土出口管制的演变历程和审视现行稀土出口管制政策体系，将我国稀土出口管制演变脉络划分为3个阶段，分别是自由放任阶段、严格管制阶段和全面管制阶段。以“公共利益”为核心，从“外部性”、“部门利益”和“激励性”管制3个维度构建了我国稀土出口的管制经济学适应性分析框架。基于该分析框架，提出了从需求层、指导层、效用层和实施层4个层面建立和完善我国稀土出口管制体系的基本思路。研究认为：我国稀土出口管制的目的是保障国家安全、维护社会公众利益和促进稀土行业的可持续性发展；以政府管制为核心的多元化管制为主体；以与稀土全行业相关的个体、企业和产业链为对象；以相关法律为核心，经济管制与社会管制相结合为手段。通过建立稀土出口管制体系，寻求能够协调稀土出口与不同利益相关者之间的利益冲突的管制新路径，为我国稀土产业的高质量发展提供参考。

As a kind of non renewable strategic resource，rare earth is the key strategic basic material for the transformation of traditional industries and the development of emerging industries，which has an important strategic value for China and the world’s high-tech industries.Under the background of the current domestic and international situation，China’s policy adjustment on rare earth export tends to raise international objections.In order to safeguard national interests，meet public demands and eliminate international objections，this paper analyzed the export control of rare earth by using the theory and method of control economics.First of all，on the basis of combing the evolution of China’s rare earth export control and reviewing the current rare earth export control policy system，we divided the evolution of China’s rare earth export control into three stages：Laissez faire stage，strict control stage and comprehensive control stage.Then，taking “public interest” as the core，we constructed the regulatory economic adaptability analysis framework of rare earth export from three dimensions of “externality” control，“departmental interest” control and “incentive” control，and discuss the adaptability with the current international trade rules.Finally，on the basis of this framework，we put forward the basic ideas of establishing and improving the rare earth export control system in China from four levels of demand level，guidance level，utility level and implementation level.The research shows that：The purpose of China’s rare earth export control is to ensure national security，social public interest and sustainable development of rare earth industry；The main body is a diversified control subject with government control as the core；The object is the individual，enterprise and industrial chain related to rare earth industry；The hand is the combination of economic control and social control with relevant laws as the core.Through the establishment of rare earth export control system，we can find the control path that can coordinate the conflict of interest between rare earth export and different stakeholders，and provide reference for the high-quality development of China’s rare earth industry and the development of the world’s rare earth industry.

http://www.goldsci.ac.cn/article/2020/1005-2518/1005-2518-2020-28-3-391.shtml