针对矿房回采时连续装药爆破造成的大块率高、振动大的问题，建立了4种不同空气柱长度和不同装药量的空气间隔装药结构爆破数值模型。通过分析各装药结构爆破时炮孔内与崩矿自由面上的爆炸应力场，得到在一定工程范围内，装药量相同的情况下，有效应力随空气柱长度的增大而减小；当空气柱长度相同时，装药量越大，有效应力越大；应力峰值呈现出在装药段处最大、空气段处减小及空气段中部应力最小的规律，与理论分析基本吻合。运用Von Mises屈服准则判断是否发生破坏，并通过分析自由面上质点的振动速度来反映爆破效果，选出最佳装药结构方案。

Aiming at the problems of excessive blasting vibration and impact，high bulk rate，large vibration and blasting hazard effects in the process of deep hole lateral collapse blasting in underground mining，ANSYS/LS-DYNA software based on ALE algorithm is adopted in this paper.The program established a numerical model for the blasting of air-deck charge structures with four different air column lengths and different charge amounts.Firstly，using the initial impact pressure theory analysis，theoretically deducing the stress at different distances from the charging section，the stress peak is increased at the charging section，reduced at the air section，and the stress distribution in the middle of the air section is superimposed and analyzed.Then，using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software，the explosion stress field in the rock mass and the free surface of the collapse is numerically simulated when the charge structure is blasted.It shows that when the charge is the same within a certain engineering range,the effective stress decreases with the increase of the length of the air column.When the length of the air column is the same，the larger the charge is，the larger the effective stress is.The peak value of the stress appears to be the largest at the charging section，and it is reduced at the air section.The law of minimum stress in the middle is basically consistent with the theoretical analysis.By analyzing the effective stress peaks of the four air-deck charge models，it is obtained that within a certain engineering range，the effective stress decreases with the increase of the length of the air column in the case of the same charge.When the air column length is the same，the larger the charge，the greater the effective stress.The longer the length of the air column，the longer the length of the air column，the more stable the effective stress distribution，and the more uniform the explosion energy distribution.By extracting the effective stress peaks of the key elements on the free surface of each scheme，the effective stress peak curve was drawn，and the Von Mises yield criterion is used to judge whether the rock is damaged，and the vibration response speed of the particle on the free surface of the collapse is reflected.The effective peak of the unit on the surface and the peak of the unit synthesis speed was compared to select the best air-deck charge structure.