收稿日期: 2018-03-28
修回日期: 2018-05-10
网络出版日期: 2019-03-19
基金资助
甘肃省环境应急与事故调查中心研究项目“甘肃省尾矿库企业环境风险预控及应急管理工作要点调查”(编号:20170117000896)和国家自然科学基金项目“纳米级碳铁共沉物对西北农田土壤重金属Cd/Pb的固定吸附作用研究”(编号:41771341)联合资助
Analysis on the Environmental Safety Status and Discussion on Reasonable Closure Measures for Tailings Reservoir in Longnan City
Received date: 2018-03-28
Revised date: 2018-05-10
Online published: 2019-03-19
2010年和2015年陇南市相继发生重大尾矿外泄事故,尾矿库安全形势极其严峻。因此,为了预防和阻止尾矿库事故的发生,对陇南市尾矿库环境安全现状进行了统计分析,总结出目前陇南市尾矿库的特点及存在的环境安全隐患。结果表明:陇南市尾矿库以铅锌矿和山谷型尾矿库为主,规模小,数量多,安全度水平较低;部分尾矿库无证运行,相关资料不完善;多数尾矿库未进行合理闭库措施,环境风险重大。对陇南市所辖县区的12座尾矿库进行实地调查,分析了陇南市尾矿库合理闭库存在的问题,提出如下解决措施:采用扩挖回填法、灌浆法和土工布覆盖法等措施对坝体存在裂缝的尾矿坝进行修复处理;对“零”坡度排水沟进行V字形、“拱桥形”或“梯形”坡度设计,将环库截洪沟设计为低于库区表面;改滩面反坡为顺坡设计;对稀薄覆土或裸露滩面实施库顶部压覆碎石、上部覆土并恢复植被;闭库后加强管理,完善监测设施。
王旋 , 王亚变 , 刘理臣 , 曹兴 , 赵立芳 , 张兆虎 . 陇南市尾矿库环境安全现状分析及合理闭库措施探讨[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019 , 27(1) : 144 -152 . DOI: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.01.144
Tailings leakage accidents had taken place in Longnan City in 2010 and 2015.The tailings reservoir security situation is extremely severe.Therefore,in order to prevent the occurrence of tailing reservoir accidents,we analyzed the environmental safety status of tailings reservoir and summarized the characteristics and potential safety hazards of tailings reservoir in Longnan City.The results show that the tailings reservoir is dominated by lead-zinc mines and valley-type tailings reservoir in Longnan City,with the features of small scale,large quantity,low level of safety.Some tailings reservoirs operated without licenses and most tailings reservoirs have not been closed properly,which poses great environmental risks.At the same time,12 tailings reservoirs in Longnan City were selected for field investigation.According to the field survey results of some tailings reservoir in Longnan City,the problems of reasonable closure measures for tailings reservoir in Longnan City were analyzed,and then key solutions was put forward.The results are as follows:Firstly,there are cracks in tailings dam body.Secondly,the drainage of tailings reservoir is “zero” slope and the interception ditch of tailings reservoir is above the surface of reservoir area. Some tailings reservoirs even have no interception ditch.Thirdly,tailings reservoir beach surface is designed as reverse slope and the tailings reservoir beach surface is covered with thin soil or even exposed directly.Finally,after the closing of tailings reservoir,there is a lack of corresponding management and monitoring facilities.In view of the above problems,the following solutions are proposed.For the first problem,the cracks of tailings dam can be repaired by means of expanding excavation and backfill,grouting and geotextile cover.For the second one,the "zero" slope drainage ditch can be redesigned to V-shape,arch bridge or trapezoid.Circumferential reservoir interception ditch should be lower than the surface of reservoir area.For the third one,the reverse slope of tailings reservoir beach surface should be redesigned as a straight slope.For those tailings reservoir beach surface with thin soil or no soil,we should cover the top of the tailings reservoir with gravel firstly,and then cover the soil,and finally restore the vegetation.For the last one,strengthen management and improve monitoring facilities after the closing of tailings reservoir.
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