img

QQ群聊

img

官方微信

高级检索

黄金科学技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 51-60.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.01.121

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

倾斜矿体采动与断层活化作用引起竖井变形的物理模型试验

孙琪皓1,2,3(),马凤山1,2(),赵海军1,2,郭捷1,2,曹家源1,2,3   

  1. 1.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,中国科学院页岩气与地质工程重点实验室,北京 100029
    2.中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京  100029
    3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-01 修回日期:2019-11-06 出版日期:2020-02-29 发布日期:2020-02-26
  • 通讯作者: 马凤山 E-mail:sunqihao16@mails.ucas.ac.cn;fsma@mail.iggcas.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:孙琪皓(1993-),男,山东枣庄人,博士研究生,从事工程地质与岩石力学研究工作。sunqihao16@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“金属矿山地下采动引起的竖井变形破坏机理研究”(41772341);国家自然科学基金重点项目“海底采矿对地质环境的胁迫影响与致灾机理”(41831293)

Physical Simulation Experimental Study on Mining and Fault Activation Induced by Excavation

Qihao SUN1,2,3(),Fengshan MA1,2(),Haijun ZHAO1,2,Jie GUO1,2,Jiayuan CAO1,2,3   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100029,China
    2.Innovation Academy for Earth Science,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100029,China
    3.University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2019-07-01 Revised:2019-11-06 Online:2020-02-29 Published:2020-02-26
  • Contact: Fengshan MA E-mail:sunqihao16@mails.ucas.ac.cn;fsma@mail.iggcas.ac.cn

摘要:

倾斜矿体开采引起的地表变形与断层活化问题给矿山工程带来重大隐患,如竖井破坏。为了研究倾斜矿体采动及断层活化作用下竖井的变形破坏规律,引入一种软材料小模型物理模拟方法,对不同倾斜角度矿体、不同倾角断层下的模型进行开挖试验。结果表明:该方法能够较好地模拟典型的工程地质现象;在试验工况下,矿体倾斜角度不同,则自重应力场中的竖井受到采动影响的程度不同;处于开挖区上方的隐伏断层,倾角极缓时具有一定屏蔽垂直位移的作用,缓倾断层活化对水平位移的影响和陡倾断层活化对于垂直位移的影响具有某些相似性和对称性;倾角越接近45°,断层活化作用越强烈,对地表起伏度的影响越大,且竖井更有可能产生上部沉降、底部拱起的现象。

关键词: 开挖, 物理模拟, 小模型, 倾斜矿体, 断层活化, 自重应力, 竖井变形

Abstract:

Underground mining will inevitably change the stress state of the original rock and stress equilibrium state of overlying strata.The overlying strata move and deform during this process until a new stress balance is reached.During this process,the overlying rock layer moves and deforms,and passes upward to cause deformation of the ground surface.Because the ore bodies are mostly inclined,the movement rules of the surface and deep rock bodies caused by underground mining of metal mines are often different from those of sedimentary strata mines such as coal mines.In addition,fault activation often occurs under the action of excavation,leading to discontinuous and uncoordinated deformation of the surface and rock strata.Rock deformation,shaft deformation and fault activation caused by mining of inclined orebody have posed a serious threat to mine engineering.Many researchers have done a lot of research including theory,experiments and numerical simulations.In order to study the deformation and failure rules of vertical shaft under the mining of inclined ore body and fault activation,a physical simulation method for small models of soft materials was introduced.This method overcame many shortcomings of traditional physical simulation methods and had the advantages of simple operation and recycled.It could reflect the influence of self-weight stress on the physical and mechanical properties of materials in the molding process.This method was then used to carry out excavation experiments on models with different inclination angles of ore bodies and faults and good experimental results were finally obtained.The experimental results show that the location and settlement value of the settlement center change with the inclined angle of the ore body under the action of self-weight stress.The shaft is affected in a different way by mining because of varied angle of ore body.The vertical displacement of the shaft may be the result of overlying strata movement in goaf.It may also be due to the superposition of the overburden`s movement and the mining operation below.It depends on relative position of shaft and goaf.The hidden fault above the excavation area has the function of shielding vertical displacement to a certain extent when the dip angle is extremely low.The fault activation become stronger when the fault dip is close to 45° and it has a greater impact on surface deformation.The shaft is also subjected to greater squeezing and shearing action.These results have a valuable reference for mining design and site selection of shaft.

Key words: excavation, physical simulation, small model, inclined ore body, fault activation, self-weight stress, shaft deformation

中图分类号: 

  • TD853

图1

金川二矿区14行勘探线工程地质概况"

图2

软材料模型(a)及监测点布置(b)"

图3

倾斜矿体开采模型示意图"

图4

地表监测点垂直(a)、水平(b)位移分布图"

图5

竖井监测点垂直(a)、水平(b)位移分布图"

图6

断层活化模型示意图"

图7

断层监测点位移分布图(a)上盘垂直位移;(b)下盘垂直位移;(c)上盘水平位移;(d)下盘水平位移;(e)上下盘垂直位移差;(f)上下盘水平位移差"

图8

地表监测点垂直(a)、水平(b)位移分布图"

图9

竖井监测点垂直(a)、水平(b)位移分布图"

1 张亚民,马凤山,王杰,等.陡倾断层上下盘开挖引起地表变形的数值模拟分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2012,23(3):61-65.
Zhang Yamin,Ma Fengshan,Wang Jie,et al.Numerical analysis on the ground deformation due to underground excavation in hanging walls and footwalls of steep faults[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2012,23(3):61-65.
2 左建平,陈忠辉,王怀文,等.深部煤矿采动诱发断层活动规律[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(3):305-309.
Zuo Jianping,Chen Zhonghui,Wang Huaiwen,et al.Experimental investigation on fault activation pattern under deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(3):305-309.
3 王经明,董书宁,吕玲,等.采矿对断层的扰动及水文地质效应[J].煤炭学报,1997,22(4):27-31.
Wang Jingming,Dong Shuning,Lü Ling,et al.Mining disturbance on faults in panel and the hydrogeological effect[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1997,22(4):27-31.
4 卜万奎,茅献彪.断层倾角对断层活化及底板突水的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):386-394.
Bu Wankui,Mao Xianbiao.Research on effect of fault dip on fault activation and water inrush of coal floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):386-394.
5 姜耀东,王涛,赵毅鑫,等.采动影响下断层活化规律的数值模拟研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(1):1-5.
Jiang Yaodong,Wang Tao,Zhao Yixin,et al.Numerical simulation of fault activation pattern induced by coal extraction[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2013,42(1):1-5.
6 蒋金泉,武泉林,曲华.硬厚岩层下逆断层采动应力演化与断层活化特征[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):267-277.
Jiang Jinquan,Wu Quanlin,Qu Hua.Characteristic of mining stress evolution and activation of the reverse fault below the hard-thick strata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):267-277.
7 何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803-2813.
He Manchao,Xie Heping,Peng Suping,et al.Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2803-2813.
8 宋许根,陈从新,夏开宗,等.竖井变形破坏机制与继续使用可行性探究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(增1):337-348.
Song Xugen,Chen Congxin,Xia Kaizong,et al.Research on deformation mechanism and feasibility of continuous use of mine shaft[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(Supp.1):337-348.
9 李文秀,闻磊,刘晓敏,等.矿区区域性水平移动及其对竖井的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增2):3926-3931.
Li Wenxiu,Wen Lei,Liu Xiaomin,et al.Regional horizontal displacements and its effect on shaft in mining areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Supp.2):3926-3931.
10 姜岳,张洪训,王方方,等.黄金矿山回收保护矿柱引起的竖井变形预计[J].金属矿山,2017,46(10):159-162.
Jiang Yue,Zhang Hongxun,Wang Fangfang,et al.Shaft deformation prediction caused by the recovery of mining protection pillar in gold mine[J].Metal Mine,2017,46(10):159-162.
11 陈忠辉,胡正平,李辉,等.煤矿隐伏断层突水的断裂力学模型及力学判据[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(5):673-677.
Chen Zhonghui,Hu Zhengping,Li Hui,et al.Fracture mechanical model and criteria of insidious fault water inrush in coal mines[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2011,40(5):673-677.
12 彭苏萍,孟召平,李玉林.断层对顶板稳定性影响相似模拟试验研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(3):1-4.
Peng Suping,Meng Zhaoping,Li Yulin.Simulation study on the influence of faults on roof stability[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2001,29(3):1-4.
13 于广明,谢和平,杨伦,等.采动断层活化分形界面效应的数值模拟研究[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(4):62-66.
Yu Guangming,Xie Heping,Yang Lun,et al.Numerical simulation of fractal interface effect of mining fault activation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1998,23(4):62-66.
14 陈绍杰,夏治国,郭惟嘉,等.断层影响下岩体采动灾变响应研究现状与展望[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):20-27.
Chen Shaojie,Xie Zhiguo,Guo Weijia,et al.Research status and prospect of mining catastrophic response of rock mass under the influence of fault[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):20-27.
15 马凤山,赵海军,郭捷,等.金川二矿区多中段开采对地表岩移的影响研究[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(4):757-764.
Ma Fengshan,Zhao Haijun,Guo Jie,et al.Influence of the multi-level mining on the ground movement in the Jinchuan No.2 mine[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(4):757-764.
16 Zhao H J,Ma F S,Zhang Y M,et al.Monitoring and mechanisms of ground deformation and ground fissures induced by cut-and-fill mining in the Jinchuan Mine 2,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,68(7):1903-1911.
17 Ma F S,Zhao H J,Xu J M,et al.In situ stress field inversion and its application in mining-induced rock mass movement[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,53:120-128.
18 马凤山,张亚民,徐嘉谟,等.开挖引起巷道变形的弹性软材料物理模拟实验研究[J].工程地质学报,2017,25(5):1344-1350.
Ma Fengshan,Zhang Yamin,Xu Jiamo,et al.Study of roadway deformation induced by excavation with soft elastic material simulated experiment [J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2017,25(5):1344-1350.
19 Zhao H J,Ma F S,Xu J M,et al.Experimental investigations of fault reactivation induced by slope excavations in China[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2014,73(3):891-901.
20 徐嘉谟,李晓,韩贝传.露天开挖引起的断层陡坎及其尺寸研究[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(增2):38-44.
Xu Jiamo,Li Xiao,Han Beichuan.A study of fault step from open excavation and its size[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(Supp.2):38-44.
21 卢蓉,马凤山,郭捷,等.地下开采引起围岩间断面变形特征的软材料小模型研究[J].地质力学学报,2018,24(5):670-675.
Lu Rong,Ma Fengshan,Guo Jie,et al.A small-scale model of soft materials used for studying the underground mining induced discontinuity plane deformation[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2018,24(5):670-675.
22 Ma F S,Deng Q H,Dickson C,et al.Vertical shaft collapse at the Jinchuan Nickel Mine,Gansu Province,China:Analysis of contributing factors and causal mechanisms[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,69(1):21-28.
23 黄英华,付俊,郭岩.超深井急倾斜薄矿脉开采地表岩移规律研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2015,35(6):59-62.
Huang Yinghua,Fu Jun,Guo Yan.Research on surface strata displacement law for mining the steeply inclined thin vein in the ultra-deep well[J].Mining Research and Development,2015,35(6):59-62.
24 赵海军,马凤山,李国庆,等.开挖引起断层活化对井巷围岩的变形破坏[J].金属矿山,2008,38(6):9-12,40.
Zhao Haijun,Ma Fengshan,Li Guoqing,et al.Deformation and destruction of mine workings caused by excavation-induced fault activation[J].Metal Mine,2008,38(6):9-12,40.
[1] 曹家源,马凤山,郭捷,张国栋,李兆平. 海底倾斜矿体开采沉陷预测研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019, 27(4): 522-529.
[2] 陈冲,李夕兵,冯帆. 诱导巷道的围岩松动破坏区数值研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2018, 26(6): 771-779.
[3] 白德胜,杨怀辉,聂建民. 河南槐树坪矿区缓倾斜金矿体特征及找矿方向[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2017, 25(1): 18-26.
[4] 于常先,赵明宣,李晓东. 中深孔松动控制爆破技术在三山岛金矿的应用[J]. J4, 2012, 20(4): 58-61.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 彭剑平,沈述保. 绿色矿山建设长效机制与典型案例[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2016, 24(4): 133 -136 .
[2] 宋英昕,宋明春,丁正江,魏绪峰,徐韶辉,李杰,谭现峰,李世勇,张照录, 焦秀美,胡弘,曹佳. 胶东金矿集区深部找矿重要进展及成矿特征[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2017, 25(3): 4 -18 .
[3] 陈芳芳,张亦飞,薛光. 黄金冶炼污染治理与废物资源化利用[J]. J4, 2011, 19(2): 67 -73 .
[4] 王吉青,王苹,赵晓娟,林乡伟. 黄金生产尾矿综合利用的研究与应用[J]. J4, 2010, 18(5): 87 -89 .
[5] 陈建宏,覃曹原,邓东升 . 基于AHP和物元TOPSIS法的层状岩体巷道冒顶风险评价[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2017, 25(1): 55 -60 .
[6] 谢敏雄,李政要,林属勇,迟晓鹏,亓传铎. 提高选矿厂磨矿系统效能的技术改造及应用研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2012, 20(6): 65 -68 .
[7] 王文军,肖庆飞,康怀斌,詹信顺,吴启明,肖珲. 某金矿MQG3660格子型球磨机球荷特性优化试验研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2016, 24(2): 90 -94 .
[8] 胡笑坤,宋慧昌,刘青. 金矿选矿厂磨矿分级过程仿真系统研发[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2016, 24(5): 94 -101 .
[9] 马凤山,郭捷,李克蓬,卢蓉,张洪训,李威. 三山岛海底金矿开采充填体与顶板岩层的变形监测研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2016, 24(4): 66 -72 .
[10] 曲晖, 王佰义, 王建民, 李成禄, 徐国战, 王卓. 土壤地球化学测量在永新金矿勘查中的应用及找矿效果研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2018, 26(2): 143 -152 .