金矿尾矿胶结充填试验及环境效应研究

doi:10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.06.912

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究某金矿尾矿胶结充填后充填体的抗压强度和环境效应，采用金矿全尾砂进行充填配比、重金属浸出和固化试验。充填配比试验中共制备灰砂比分别为1∶6，1∶8，1∶12，1∶20，质量浓度分别为77％，75％，73％的12组试块，分别测试12组试块固化7，12，28 d后的抗压强度。在重金属浸出试验中探究了尾矿充填后的环境效应以及潜在的污染元素，在明确潜在的污染元素后进行了相应的重金属固化试验。结果表明：金矿全尾砂最佳充填配比参数为灰砂比1∶8，质量浓度为75％；金矿尾矿在与胶凝材料混合凝固形成充填体后能够有效控制尾矿中有害元素的浸出，减少对环境的破坏；充填体浸出的As元素对地下水环境有潜在的污染风险，添加3％浓度的FeCl₃后能够有效避免污染发生。

关键词: 充填配比, 抗压强度, 浸出对比, 动态浸出, 污染元素, 重金属固化

Abstract:

The total amount of gold produced in China is among the highest in the world，and the massive mining of gold has led to a large accumulation of gold mine tailings.There are a lot of toxic and harmful heavy metals in gold mine tailings.How to deal with gold mine tailings in a safe and environmentally friendly way is a very intractable problem at present.Recycling gold mine tailings as cemented paste backfill（CPB） filling into the mine as support is currently a popular method to solve the problem.In order to explore the compressive strength and environmental effects of gold mine tailings after being recycled as CPB，the cementing ratio test，heavy metal leaching and solidification test of gold tailings was carried out.In the cementing ratio test，12 groups of samples were prepared，the cement-tailings ratio was 1∶6，1∶8，1∶12，1∶20，and the mass concentration was 77%，75%，73%.After a period of maintenance，the uniaxial compressive strength for 7 days，12 days and 28 days of 12 sets of test pieces were tested respectively.Finally，the optimum cementing ratio parameters were determined on the premise of considering the strength requirements of mining technology support and the economic cost of filling comprehensively.Heavy metal leaching test was carried out in two groups：48 hours leaching test of filling slurry and dynamic leaching test of CPB.The two sets of experiments were used to simulate the short-term leaching of the filled slurry and the long-term leaching of the CPB，and the purpose was to explore the environmental effects and potential pollution elements of the gold mine tailings after being recycled as CPB.After the heavy metal elements with potential contamination risks are identified by the leaching test，the corresponding curing agent was selected to carry out the curing test of heavy metals.The leaching of potentially polluting elements was tested again by adding different concentration of solidifying agent，and the concentration of solidifying agent which could eliminate the pollution risk of heavy metals leaching from CPB to groundwater was finally determined.Based on the above experiments，a safe and environmentally friendly method for recovering gold tailings is finally determined.The results show that The optimum cementation ratio of the gold tailings is 1∶8 for the cement-tailings ratio and 75% for the mass concentration.The leaching of harmful elements in the tailings can be effectively controlled after the gold tailings are recovered as CPB，which reduces the pollution to the environment.The As leached from CPB has potential pollution risk to groundwater，adding 3% FeCl₃ to CPB can effectively avoid the pollution.

Key words: cementing ratio, compressive strength, leaching contrast, dynamic leaching, contaminated elements, heavy metal solidification

中图分类号:

粟著,张德明,张钦礼. 金矿尾矿胶结充填试验及环境效应研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019, 27(6): 912-919.

Zhu SU,Deming ZHANG,Qinli ZHANG. Study on Cementation Filling Test and Environmental Effect of Gold Mine Tailings[J]. Gold Science and Technology, 2019, 27(6): 912-919.

图/表 10

图1

表1

表2

图2

图3

表3

图4

表4

图5

图6

参考文献 20

1	刘应冬，代力，张卫华.青海某金矿矿集区土壤重金属污染评价及综合利用讨论[J].矿产综合利用，2018（5）：97-100.
	Liu Yingdong，Dai Li，Zhang Weihua.Assessment of soil heavy metals pollution and comprehensive utilization in a gold mine area in Qinghai[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources，2018（5）：97-100.
2	汤波，赵晓光，冯海涛，等.陕南某铅锌尾矿区土壤重金属迁移性及生态风险评价[J].江苏农业科学，2016，45（5）：465-468.
	Tang Bo，Zhao Xiaoguang，Feng Haitao，et al.Mobility and ecological risk of heavy metals in soils around lead-zinc mine tailings in southern Shaanxi[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences，2016，45（5）：465-468.
3	Li X B，Du J，Gao L，et al.Immobilization of phosphogypsum for cemented paste backfill and its environmental effect[J].Journal of Cleaner Production，2017，156：137-146.
4	马明辉，谭云亮，朱明德.三山岛金矿充填材料配比与强度试验[J].有色金属工程，2015，5（6）：60-63.
	Ma Minghui，Tan Yunliang，Zhu Mingde，Filling materials strength test with various ratio in Sanshandao gold mine[J].Nonferrous Metal Engineering，2015，5（6）：60-63.
5	赵彬.焦家金矿尾砂固结材料配比试验及工艺改造方案研究[D].长沙：中南大学，2009.
	Zhao Bin.Study of Tailing-cemented Materials Proportion and Backfilling Technology Transformation[D].Changsha：Central South University，2009.
6	郭勋英，曹芳杰，阙永航.金矿尾矿的开发与利用——以山东招远界河金矿床为例[J].西部探矿工程，2014，26（5）：133-136，140.
	Guo Xunying，Cao Fangjie， Que Yonghang.Development and utilization of gold tailings：Taking Zhaoyuan Jiehe gold deposit in Shandong Province as an example[J].West-China Exploration Engineering，2014，26（5）：133-136，140.
7	曾理，吴永贵，苏连文，等.金矿尾矿废水及废渣浸出液的理化特征及生物毒性效应[J].贵州农业科学，2010，38（5）：227-229.
	Zeng Li，Wu Yonggui，Su Lianwen，et al.Physical-chemical properties and biological toxic effect of wastewater and sludge leachate in gold mine tailing[J].Guizhou Agricultural Science，2010，38（5）：227-229.
8	张蕊.金矿尾矿场周边土壤与植被重金属污染现状研究[D].西安：西安科技大学，2011.
	Zhang Rui.The Study of Heavy Metal Pollution of Soil and Vegetation Around Gold Mine Tailings [D].Xi’an：Xi’an University of Science and Technology，2011.
9	黄远来.磷尾矿胶结充填添加剂减阻输送及有害离子固化试验研究[D].贵阳：贵州大学，2017.
	Huang Yuanlai.Experimental Study on Using Additives for Drag Reduction and Harmful Ion Curing in Phosphate Tailings Cemented Filling[D].Guiyang：Guizhou University，2017.
10	樊浩伦.水泥固化锌污染红粘土力学性能及固化机理研究[D].呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学，2017.
	Fan Haolun.Study on Mechanical Properties and Curing Mechanism of Solidified/Stabilized of Zn-contaminated Red Clay[D].Hohhot：Inner Mongolia Agricultural University，2017.
11	吴万富.强化絮凝沉淀法治理砷污染天然水体及絮凝浮选法处理高砷废水的研究[D].昆明：云南大学，2016.
	Wu Wanfu.Research on the Treatment of Arsenic Pollution in Natural Water by Enhanced Flocculation Sedimentation and High Arsenic Wastewater by Flocculation Flotation [D].Kunming：Yunnan University，2016.
12	Laky D，Licsko I.Arsenic removal by ferric-chloride coagulation-effect of phosphate，bicarbonate and silicate[J].Water Science and Technology，2011，64（5）：1046-1055.
13	Qiao J L，Jiang Z，Sun B，et al.Arsenate and arsenite removal by FeCl₃：Effects of pH，As/Fe ratio，initial As concentration and coexisting solutes [J].Separation and Purification Technology，2012，92（1）：l06-114.
14	王新民，肖卫国，张钦礼.深井矿山充填理论与技术[M].长沙：中南大学出版社，2005.
	Wang Xinmin，Xiao Weiguo，Zhang Qinli.Filling Theory and Technology in Deep Mines [M].Changsha：Central South University Press，2005.
15	周爱民，古德生.基于工业生态学的矿山充填模式[J].中南大学学报（自然科学版），2004，35（3）：468-472.
	Zhou Aimin，Gu Desheng.Mine-filling model based on industrial ecology[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology（Sciences and Technology），2004，35（3）：468-472.
16	何军志，赵国燕.利用水泥固化废弃物减少有害金属离子溶出的试验探索[J].实验技术与管理，2012，29（9）：36-39.
	He Junzhi，Zhao Guoyan.Use of cement curing a variety of industrial waste reduction of underground water pollution[J].Experimental Technology and Management，2012，29（9）：36-39.
17	郑继东，李东艳，胡斌，等.煤矸石矿井充填对地下水环境影响的模拟实验[J].矿业研究与开发，2007，27（1）：76-78.
	Zheng Jidong，Li Dongyan，Hu Bin，et al.Simulation experiments on the impact of Gangue filled in mined-out area on underground water environment[J].Mining Research and Development，2007，27（1）：76-78.
18	Bissen M，Frimmel F H.Arsenic-A review.Part Ⅱ：Oxidation of arsenic and its removal in water treatment[J].Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica，2003，31（2）：97-107.
19	Streat M，Hellgardt K，Newton N L R.Hydrous fenrric oxide as an adsorbent in water treatment：Part 2.Adsorption studies[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection，2008，86（1）：11-20.
20	Mohan D，Pittman C U.Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using adsorbents-A critical review[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials，2007，142（1/2）：1-53.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

参数	数值	参数	数值
比重/（t·m^-3）	2.73	水上休止角/（°）	37.5
渗透系数/（cm·s^-1）	2.56×10^-5	水下休止角/（°）	29.0

成分	质量分数	成分	质量分数
石英	30.04	叶腊石	3.44
黄铁矿	7.41	石膏	0.87
云母	8.35	长石	12.63
高岭石	37.26

元素	沥滤液中各元素含量		尾砂各元素总含量
元素	金矿尾砂	充填混合样品	尾砂各元素总含量
Ni	2.3	0.1	9.23
Cu	1.6	0.2	100.76
Pb	0.2	-	19
Cd	-	-	0.12
Zn	0.8	0.1	19.78
Co	0.4	-	6.12
As	6.6	0.3	27.13

样本	元素质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）
样本	Ni	Cu	Pb	Cd	Zn	Co	As
金矿全尾砂	0.04	0.5	0.01	<0.0001	0.03	0.03	0.3
7 d固化试块	0.008	0.002	0.001	<0.0001	0.002	0.001	0.01
14 d固化试块	0.004	<0.001	0.001	<0.0001	0.002	<0.0009	0.005
28 d固化试块	0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.0001	0.001	<0.0009	0.001
国家标准Ⅲ类标准	0.02	1.00	0.01	0.005	1.00	0.05	0.01

[1]	肖文丰,陈建宏,陈毅,王喜梅. 基于神经网络与遗传算法的多目标充填料浆配比优化[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019, 27(4): 581-588.
[2]	程昊, 徐涛, 周广磊, 房珂. 非均质岩石破裂及声发射演化数值模拟[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2018, 26(2): 170-178.
[3]	史采星, 郭利杰, 李文臣, 张丹. 铅锌冶炼渣充填胶凝材料研究及应用[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2018, 26(2): 160-169.
[4]	蓝志鹏，王新民*，王洪江，陈秋松. 料浆凝结时间对高硫充填体强度影响试验研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2016, 24(5): 13-18.
[5]	王新民，胡一波，王石，刘吉祥，陈宇，卞继伟. 超细全尾砂充填配比优化正交试验研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2015, 23(3): 45-49.