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黄金科学技术 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 816-825.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2019.06.816

• 矿产勘查与资源评价 • 上一篇    下一篇

青海滩北雪峰地区土壤地球化学异常特征及找矿前景

杨宝凯1(),徐美君1,曹瑞1,于洋1,解永健1,何安全2   

  1. 1. 青岛地质工程勘察院,山东 青岛 266100
    2. 青海省第三地质勘查院,青海 西宁 810029
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-19 修回日期:2019-06-24 出版日期:2019-12-31 发布日期:2019-12-24
  • 作者简介:杨宝凯(1986-),男,山东青岛人,工程师,从事地质矿产勘查工作。yangbaokai@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心项目“青海省茫崖行委滩北雪峰地区多金属矿调查评价”(12120113032700)

Characteristics of Soil Geochemical Anomalies and Prospecting Potential of Tanbeixuefeng Area in Qinghai Province

Baokai YANG1(),Meijun XU1,Rui CAO1,Yang YU1,Yongjian XIE1,Anquan HE2   

  1. 1. Qingdao Geological Engineering Investigation Institute,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China
    2. The Third Institution of Qinghai Geological Prospecting,Xining 810029,Qinghai,China
  • Received:2019-03-19 Revised:2019-06-24 Online:2019-12-31 Published:2019-12-24

摘要:

滩北雪峰位于祁漫塔格地区西段,是利用化探手段新发现的构造蚀变岩型金矿,探讨该金矿的化探异常特征及其找矿前景,对在祁漫塔格地区寻找金矿具有重要指导意义。在滩北雪峰地区开展了1/1万土壤地球化学测量,结果显示Au为富集元素,变异系数较大,R型聚类分析显示Au与Bi呈显著正相关,表明该区金成矿可能与中低温热液活动有关。进一步分析元素地球化学特征,并结合矿区地质背景,圈定出13个土壤综合异常,选择AP7、AP9异常区开展了异常查证工作,发现1条金矿化蚀变带,带内圈定出3条金矿体,地表亦发现多处金矿化线索。结合成矿地质条件,初步建立了地质、地球化学和构造等方面的找矿标志,探讨了矿床成因,指出今后找矿方向。土壤地球化学研究表明:该区具有良好的找矿前景,是寻找构造蚀变岩型金矿的有利地区。

关键词: 土壤测量, 化探异常, 找矿标志, 矿床成因, 找矿方向, 滩北雪峰, 青海省

Abstract:

Qimantage metallogenic belt is located in the western part of the East Kunlun Mountains.It is an important metallogenic belt in the western part of China.Superior metallogenic geological conditions have resulted in abundant mineral resources in this region.In recent years,a large number of mineral deposits related to intermediate-acid magmatic activities have been discovered in the Qimantage metallogenic belt.The genetic types of the deposits are mainly skarn,porphyry,high temperature hydrothermal,sedimentary metamorphic,sedimentary,hot water sedimentary-reformed and volcanic rock type.The minerals include copper,iron,lead,zinc and other metals.Tanbeixuefeng is a newly discovered tectonic altered type gold deposit in the region, which is located in the Qimantage back-arc rift basin,and the metallogenic geological conditions are very favorable.In this study,through 1∶10 000 soil geochemical survey in Tanbeixuefeng area,the results shows that Au is an important enriched element with a large coefficient of variation,indicating that there is superimposition of late stage mineralization.Moreover,R-type cluster analysis shows that Au and Bi are significantly positively correlated,indicating that Au mineralization may be related to mesothermal and low-temperature hydrothermal activities.Further analysis of geochemical characteristics of elements,combined with geological background,13 comprehensive soil anomalies dominated by gold have been delineated, trench prospecting has been carried out in AP7 and AP9 anomalous areas.A gold mineralization alteration zone has also been found,and three gold orebodies have been delineated in the zone.The gold orebodies are developed in the NW-trending structural fracture zone,as well as joint structure.The ore-hosting lithology is silicified altered rock and strong limonization.Several gold mineralization clues have been found on the surface,such as silicification,sericitization,and pyritization.Furthermore,based on the analysis of metallogenic geological conditions,the prospecting criteria of geology,geochemistry and structure are preliminarily established.Moreover,the genesis of the deposit is discussed and analyzed.Therefore,this study point out the prospecting direction in the Tanbeixuefeng area as follows:(1) The Au is already found in the No.1 mineralized alteration zone,thus the drilling should be carried out;(2) Compared the No.1 mineralized alteration zone,the prospecting should be focussed on the NWW fault;(3) Other unidentified Au high-value points in soil anomalies;(4) Other unchecked Au high-value points in soil anomalies,and Au and As combination anomalies should be strengthen prospecting work.It is a favorable area of prospecting for structural altered type gold deposits.Surface tracing and deep verification work in this area are expected to make breakthrough prospecting progress.

Key words: soil survey, geochemical anomaly, prospecting criteria, genesis of deposit, prospecting direction, Tanbeixuefeng, Qinghai Province

中图分类号: 

  • P632

图1

区域构造简图[5]Ⅰ-塔里木陆块;Ⅱ-塔北—敦煌地块;Ⅲ-阿尔金造山带;Ⅲ-1-红柳沟—拉配泉蛇绿混杂岩带;Ⅲ-2-阿中地块;Ⅲ-3-阿帕—茫崖早古生代蛇绿混杂岩带;Ⅳ-昆仑造山带;Ⅳ-1-北昆仑岩浆弧;Ⅳ-2-中昆仑微地块;Ⅳ-3-昆南增生楔杂岩带;Ⅴ-巴颜喀拉褶皱带;Ⅵ-柴达木陆块;Ⅶ-祁连造山带;Ⅵ-1-柴达木盆地北缘;Ⅵ-2-柴达木盆地;①-阿尔金北缘断裂;②-阿尔金南缘断裂;③-昆北断裂带;④-黑山—那陵格勒断裂带;⑤-白干湖断裂;⑥-昆中断裂带;⑦-昆南断裂带;⑧-柴北缘断裂;1.区域断裂;2.区域推测断裂;3.省界"

图2

滩北雪峰地区地质简图[11]1.第四系;2.奥陶系祁漫塔格群;3.大理岩;4.二长花岗岩;5.花岗闪长岩;6.金矿带编号;7.金矿体编号;8.矿体品位/矿体厚度;9.地质界线;10.断层;11.褐铁矿化;12.绢英岩化;13.硅化;14.黄铜矿化;15.黄铁矿化;16.磁黄铁矿化;17.捡块样及分析结果;18.土壤测量范围;19.土壤异常及编号"

表1

滩北雪峰地区土壤地球化学元素含量参数统计"

元素平均值/(×10-6)最大值/(×10-6)最小值/(×10-6)标准离差变异系数
Ag*735822530.4450.42
Au*2.28102.000.264.301.82
Bi0.5530.400.101.001.82
Cr42.67168.008.7015.800.37
Cu22.58131.007.579.200.41
Mo1.0211.200.290.730.72
Pb22.9970.709.305.300.23
Sn3.388.801.601.000.29
W1.4227.600.381.030.72
Zn62.44151.0025.4013.000.21

表2

土壤地球化学数据相关系数矩阵"

元素AuAgBiCrCuMoPbSnWZn
Au1
Ag0.211
Bi0.870.191
Cr-0.100.11-0.071
Cu0.120.240.130.491
Mo0.190.140.160.260.591
Pb0.190.040.14-0.26-0.10-0.041
Sn0.04-0.030.01-0.28-0.08-0.200.011
W0.190.080.220.260.180.11-0.07-0.061
Zn-0.010.19-0.020.350.470.140.200.230.101

表3

AP7综合异常参数统计"

单元素异常元素异常点数面积/km2极大值/(×10-6)平均值/(×10-6)标准离差衬度值规模浓度分带数/个
Bi240.0230.4010.3913.448.660.193
Au240.02102.0047.9337.607.990.803
Cu110.01127.00127.0004.231.091
Mo480.025.493.391.512.260.042
Ag1380.02181.00126.3835.001.410.751
W420.018.685.744.162.870.031
Cu1060.0161.2042.4311.471.410.151
Zn130.0198.0086.8311.251.240.141

图3

AP7异常剖析图1.大理岩;2.二长花岗岩;3.花岗闪长岩;4.金矿体编号;5.矿体品位/厚度;6.地质界线"

表4

AP9综合异常参数统计"

单元素异常元素异常点数/个面积/km2极大值/(×10-6)平均值/(×10-6)标准离差衬度值/(×10-6)规模浓度分带数/个
Au7180.1040.3013.889.232.310.772
Bi5130.067.382.782.002.320.102
Ag1570.04582.00232.71201.052.595.532
Mo6150.054.482.660.911.780.062
Au570.0333.0016.1610.162.690.322
W620.0210.209.251.344.630.112
Bi450.026.643.192.162.660.052
W710.0110.7010.7005.350.092
Mo530.015.572.952.271.970.012
As1030.0122.1016.774.771.400.041
Ag1610.0198.0098.0001.090.071
Zn1720.01116.00103.2018.101.470.161
Au620.0113.6011.353.181.890.022
Sb810.012.082.0802.080.012
Pb510.0131.6031.6001.050.011

图4

AP9异常剖析图1.大理岩;2.二长花岗岩;3.花岗闪长岩;4.金矿体编号;5.矿体品位/厚度;6.地质界线;7.褐铁矿化;8.绢英岩化"

图5

Ⅰ号矿带宏观特征、矿石标本及显微照片(据文献[11]修改)(a)Ⅰ号矿化蚀变带宏观特征;(b)黄铁矿化和硅化特征;(c)磁黄铁矿化特征;(d)镜下显微照片Mt-磁黄铁矿;Ccp-黄铜矿;Bi-黑云母"

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