img

QQ群聊

img

官方微信

高级检索

黄金科学技术 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 302-312.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2022.02.093

• 冶炼技术与装备研发 • 上一篇    

碳质金矿中碳质物及其“劫金”机理研究进展

张辛未1,2(),宋永辉1(),董萍1,尹宁1,廖龙1,张盼盼1   

  1. 1.西安建筑科技大学冶金工程学院,陕西省黄金与资源重点实验室,陕西 西安 710055
    2.陕西国际商贸学院,陕西 西安 712046
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-14 修回日期:2021-11-19 出版日期:2022-04-30 发布日期:2022-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 宋永辉 E-mail:zxw1298@163.com;syh1231@126.com
  • 作者简介:张辛未(1991-),女,陕西咸阳人,博士研究生,从事金矿矿物加工和金矿资源综合回收利用等研究工作。zxw1298@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“基于煤基电极的电吸附处理氰化废水技术及其应用基础研究”(51774227)

Research Progress on Carbonaceous Matters and Its “Preg-robbing” Mechanism in Carbonaceous Gold Ores

Xinwei ZHANG1,2(),Yonghui SONG1(),Ping DONG1,Ning YIN1,Long LIAO1,Panpan ZHANG1   

  1. 1.School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Key Laboratory of Gold and Resources of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710055, Shaanxi, China
    2.Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xi’an 712046, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2021-07-14 Revised:2021-11-19 Online:2022-04-30 Published:2022-06-17
  • Contact: Yonghui SONG E-mail:zxw1298@163.com;syh1231@126.com

摘要:

碳质金矿是重要的难处理金矿资源之一,碳质物“劫金”是金浸出率低下的主要原因。碳质物组分复杂,不同组分的碳质物的“劫金”能力和“劫金”行为存在差异,磨矿和浸出环节对碳质物的“劫金”能力也会产生影响,这些因素均能直接影响金的浸出率。通过系统总结碳质金矿中碳质物在组成特征、“劫金”机理及“劫金”能力的影响因素等方面的研究进展,对碳质物“劫金”机理现有研究工作的不足及未来研究方向进行了探讨,为碳质金矿碳质物劫金机理及预处理工艺的研究提供了重要参考。

关键词: 碳质金矿, 碳质物, 预处理技术, “劫金”机理, 金浸出率

Abstract:

The carbonaceous matters in carbonaceous gold ores can adsorb the gold dissolved in the process of cyanide leaching,which seriously affects the recovery of gold and is one of the most important troubles in gold processing.Various pretreatment methods have been used to eliminate the harmful effects of carbonaceous matters in gold leaching processes.Due to the characteristics of carbonaceous matters such as fine particle size,wide distribution range of particle size,complex compositions and difficulty on separation,there are few achievements of in-depth research on carbonaceous matters in carbonaceous gold ores at home and abroad.The main research tends to the development and optimization of the pretreatment processes of carbonaceous gold ores.Some new discoveries have enriched the scientific understanding of carbonaceous matters.Many kinds of substances can absorb gold in leaching process,but in the presence of carbonaceous matters,the absorb ability of other substances is often ignored.Among these carbonaceous matters,organic carbon and elemental carbon with pore structure which is similar to activated carbon have strong “preg-robbing” ability.The compositions of organic carbon have not been determined so far,but the discovery of kerogen further sheds light on the compositions of organic carbon and the geological conditions under which it formed.The kerogen are an important gold-containing carrier in the form of porous powder and solid particles.The discovery of kerogen provides a new idea for the removal of organic carbon.The pore structure has been found to be a strong condition for carbonaceous matters to absorb gold.The conclusion that destroying the pore structure can reduce the “preg-robbing” ability of carbonaceous matters further proves the view that carbonaceous matters with pore structure can adsorb the dissolved gold.The complexation between humic acid and metal ions also provides a reference for the “preg-robbing” theory of organic carbon.Some studies have found that carbonaceous matters affect gold leaching process not only by the “preg-robbing” ability,but also due to the surface coating of gold by carbonaceous mattes in the grinding process,which seriously affects gold leaching.There are great differences in the ability of carbonaceous matters to absorb gold from different ores,which are mainly reflected in the different carbonaceous matters species,maturity grade and grinding fineness.These conclusions are of great significance to the study of carbonaceous matters.As a result,this paper summarizes and analyzes the classical theory and latest researches on the material composition,“preg-robbing” mechanism of carbonaceous matters and influence factors of “preg-robbing” ability in the carbonaceous gold ores,points out the research directions of “preg-robbing” mechanism,and provides an important reference for the selection of pretreatment technology of carbonaceous gold ores.

Key words: carbonaceous gold mine, carbonaceous matters, pretreatment technology, gold preg-robbing mechanism, gold leaching rate

中图分类号: 

  • TD982

图1

氧化矿/硅酸盐矿物(a)和硫化矿/碳(b)对Au(Ⅰ)的吸附结果"

表1

我国不同地区碳质金矿的金品位与碳质物含量"

矿石属地金品位/(g·t-1碳含量/%
总碳石墨碳有机碳
广西2.15-5.01
贵州3.86--0.5
镇源2.553.04--
贵州2.86--0.5
辽宁5.212.981.030.16
陕西3.1-1.7-
陕西154.56--
陕西8.128.012.873.82
陕西6.248.8--
河南6.386.791.942.35

图2

斯塔威尔金矿中碳质物的SEM图"

图3

工业活性炭和卡林型金矿中碳质物的SEM图"

Abotsi G M K, Osseo-Asare K,1986.Surface chemistry of carbonaceous gold ores I.Characterization of the carbonaceous matter and adsorption behavior in aurocyanide solution[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,18(3/4):217-236.
Abotsi G M K, Osseo-Asare K,1987.Surface chemistry of carbonaceous gold ores,II.Effects of organic additives on gold adsorption from cyanide solution[J].International Journal of Mineral Processing,21(3/4):225-239.
Adams M D,1990.The mechanism of adsorption of aurocyanide onto activated carbon,1.Relation between the effects of oxygen and ionic strength[J].Hydrometallurgy,25(2):171-184.
Adams M D, Burger A M,1998.Characterization and blinding of carbonaceous preg-robbers in gold ores[J].Minerals Engineering,11(10):919-927.
Adams M D, McDougall G J, Hancock R D,1987.Models for the adsorption of aurocyanide onto activated carbon.Part III:Comparison between the extraction of aurocyanide by activated carbon,polymeric adsorbents and 1-pentanol[J].Hydrometallurgy,19(1):95-115.
Adams M D, Swaney S J, Wagner F E,1996.Preg-robbing minerals in gold ores and residues[C]//Hidden Wealth.Johannesburg:South African Institute of Mining and Metallargy: 163-172.
Ahtiainen R, Lundström M, Liipo J,2018.Preg-robbing verification and prevention in gold chloride-bromide leaching[J].Minerals Engineering,128:153-159.
An Na, Zhang Jinsong, Liu Lijun,et al,2014.Effect of chlorine on adsorption performance and pore structure of activated carbon[J].China Water&Waste Water,30(15):73-76.
Dimov S S, Hart B,2016.Study on surfactants for passivation of naturally occuring carbonaceous matter in gold bearing ores[C]//XXVIII International Mineral Processing Congress Proceedings,Canada.
Dimov S S, Hart B R,2017.Applications of microbeam analytical techniques in gold deportment studies and characterization of losses during the gold recovery process[J].Surface and Interface Analysis,49:1404-1415.
Donadelli J A, Cánneva A, Erra G,et al,2019.XPS direct analysis on shale rocks:Correlation with kerogen type and maturity[J].Fuel,257:116004.
Dunne R, Buda K, Hill M,et al,2012.Assessment of options for economic processing of preg-robbing gold ores[J].Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy,121(4):217-223.
Fan Xiushan, Peng Guosheng,2002.Roles of molecules and ion-pairs in solid-liquid adsorption[J].Soils,34(1):36-41.
Fang Zhaoheng,2003.Mineral characteristic and extractive technology of carbonaceous gold ores[J].Gold Science and Technology,11(6):28-35.
Helm M, Vaughan J, Staunton W P,et al,2009.An investigation of the carbonaceous component of preg-robbing gold ores[C]//Proceedings,World Gold Conference 2009.Johannesburg:The Southern Africa Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: 139-144.
Ibrado A S, Fuerstenau D W,1992.Effect of the structure of carbon adsorbents on the adsorption of gold cyanide[J].Hydrometallurgy,30(1/2/3):243-256.
Jones W G, Klauber C, Linge H G,1989.Fundamental-Aspects of Gold Cyanide Adsorption on Activated Carbon[M].Littleton,Colorado:Society for Mining Metallurgy and Exploration.
Konadu K T, Mendoza D M, Huddy R J,et al,2020.Biological pretreatment of carbonaceous matter in double refractory gold ores:A review and some future considerations[J].Hydrometallurgy,196:105434.
Kwiecinska B, Pusz S, Valentine B J,2019.Application of electron microscopy TEM and SEM for analysis of coals,organic-rich shales and carbonaceous matter[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,211:103203.
Li Jiuling, Qi Feng, Li Zheng,et al,2004.An experimental study on the migration of gold in gas phase related to hydrocarbon gases produced by the evolution of organic matter[J].Earth Science Frontiers,11(2):413-423.
Li X H, Zhang Q, Xie J,et al,2018.[Au(CN)2- adsorption on a graphite (0001) surface:A first principles study[J].Minerals,8(10).doi:10.3390/min8100425 .
doi: 10.3390/min8100425
Liu Qian,2016.Pretreatment of Carbonaceous Matter and Sulfides Minerals in Carlin-type Gold Ores by Phanerochaete Chrysosporium[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University.
Liu Qian, Yang Hongying, Tong Linlin,2017.Screening of high correlation variables of elemental carbon degradation by phanerochaete chrysosporium in carbonaceous gold ores[J].Gold Science and Technology,25(5):140-144.
Luo Wenjie, Yang Hongying,2015.Carbonaceous material composition and comparative analysis of different carlin-type gold deposits[J].Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources,(3):52-54.
Miller J D, Sibrell P L,1991.The search for adsorbed gold cyanide on carbon surface[J].Society for Mining Metallurgy & Exploration,91:25-32.
Miller J D, Wan R Y, Diaz X,2016.Preg-Robbing Gold Ores[M].Netherlands:Elsevier B V.
Niu H Q, Yang H Y, Tong L L,2021.Adsorption behaviors of Au(Ⅲ) onto humic acid extracted from gold ore:adsorptive kinetics,isotherm and mechanism[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,630:127442.
Osseo-Asare K, Afenya P M, Abotsi G M K,et al,1983.Carbonaceous matter in gold ores:Isolation,characterization and adsorption behaviour in aurocyanide solutions[J].American Institute of Mining,Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers (AIME),125-144.
Owusu C, Mensah S, Ackah K,et al,2021.Reducing preg-robbing in carbonaceous gold ores using passivative or blanking agents[J].Minerals Engineering,170:106990.
Peng Jianjun, Fan Zheng,1993.Study on the dynamics of gold leaching with humic acid[J].Gold,14(9):24-28.
Pourdasht M,2018.Study on the surface features of preg-robbing carbonaceous matter during oxidation treatment[J].Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository,5366..
Pyke B L, Johnston R F, Brooks P,1999.The characterization and behaviour of carbonaceous material in a refractory gold bearing ore[J].Minerals Engineering,12(8):851-862.
Qiu Xiaobin, Wen Jiankang, Huang Songtao,et al,2017.Characterization of carbonaceous matter in high-sulfur carlin-type gold concentrate and its influence on gold recovery in bio-pretreatment product[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,39(5):676-682.
Rees K L, J S J van Deventer,2000.Preg-robbing phenomena in the cyanidation of sulphide gold ores[J].Hydrometallurgy,58:61-80.
Rudolf B,2000.Inhibition of the Preg-robbing Phenomenon in Gold Ores[D].Cape Town:Cape Peninsula University of Technology.
Santiago R C C, Ladeira A C Q,2019.Reduction of preg-robbing activity of carbonaceous gold ores with the utilization of surface blinding additives[J].Minerals Engineering,131:313-320.
Sibrell P L,1991.The Characterization and Treatment of Carlin Trend Carbonaceous Gold Ores[D].Salt Lake City:The University of Utah.
Sitando O, Senanayake G, Dai X,et al.,2019.The adsorption of gold(I) on minerals and activated carbon (preg-robbing) in non-ammoniacal thiosulfate solutions-effect of calcium thiosulfate,silver(I),copper(I) and polythionate ions[J].Hydrometallurgy,184:206-217.
Stenebraten J F, Johnson W P, McMullen J,2000.Characterization of goldstrike ore carbonaceous material.Part 2:Physical characteristics[J].Minerals and Metallurgical Processing,17(1):7-15.
Tan H, Feng D,2005.The behaviour of carbonaceous matter in cyanide leaching of gold[J].Hydrometallurgy,78(3/4):226-235.
Van Vuuren C P J, Snyman C P, Boshoff A J,2000.Gold losses from cyanide solutions part II:The influence of the carbonaceous materials present in the shale material[J].Minerals Engineering,13(10/11):1177-1181.
Vassiliou, Andreas H,1988.Gold in disseminated carbonaceous ores[J].Journal of Matels,40(4):26-28.
Wang Danli, Guan Zichuan, Wang Ende,2003.Adsorption of heavy metal ions onto humus[J].Gold,24:47-49.
Wang Ende, Guan Guangyue,1992.The action of humic acid in the process of gold mineralization[J].Gold,13(7):1-4.
Wang Hongmei, Zhang Wenhuai, Xie Shucheng,et al,2000.The organic geochemistry characteristics of Jinya gold deposit,Guangxi[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,16(4):602-608.
Wu Minjie, Bai Chungen,1994.Cabnonaceous matter in carbonaceous gold ores:Its material composition and interaction with gold[J].Gold,15(6):29-35.
Xu Qijie, Zhang Guo, Cui Yuanchen,2007.Research advancement of absorption property of humic acid and application of the metal complex[J].Journal of Tianzhong,22(5):22-25.
Xu Xiaoyang,2013.Review of research on leaching process of carbonaceous refractory gold ore[J].Gold Science and Technology,21(1):82-87.
Zhang J, Dai J L, Wang R Q,et al,2009.Adsorption and desorption of divalent mercury (Hg2+) on humic acids and fulvic acids extracted from typical soils in China[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,335(1/2/3):194-201.
Zhang Fuxin, Wang Lishe,2013.Exploration and research review of carlin and carlin-like type gold deposits in Qinling Moutains orogenic belt[J].Gold Science and Technology,21(5):21-27.
Zhang Lei, Guo Xueyi, Tian Qinghua,et al,2021.Research progress and industrial application of pretreatment methods for refractory gold ores[J].Gold,42(6):60-68.
Zhang Yuedong,2011.Application of active carbon adsorption methoel in treating industrial wastewater[J].Coal and Chemical Industry,34(6):74-76.
Zhang Zuojin, Wang Qianqian, Dai shujuan,2017.The development of pretreatment technology of carbonaceous gold ore[J].Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources,(5):99-104.
Zhao Junwei, Zheng Ye, Xing Zhijun,et al.,2008.Research on carbon-bearing gold ore treatment with microwave[J].Gold,29(3):35-38.
安娜,张金松,刘丽君,等,2014.氯对活性炭吸附性能及孔隙结构的影响[J].中国给水排水,30(15):73-76.
范秀山,彭国胜,2002.分子、离子对及离子状态在固液吸附中的作用浅析[J].土壤,34(1):36-41.
方兆珩,2003.碳质金矿的矿物特征和提金工艺[J].黄金科学技术,11(6):28-35.
李九玲,亓锋,李铮,等,2004.金在气相中迁移与有机质演化生烃关系的实验研究[J].地学前缘,11(2):413-423.
刘倩,2016.黄孢原毛平革菌对卡林型金矿中碳质物和硫化物矿物预处理研究[D].沈阳:东北大学.
刘倩,杨洪英,佟琳琳,2017. Phanerochaete chrysosporium降解碳质金矿中元素碳高关联度变量的筛选[J].黄金科学技术,25(5):140-144.
罗文杰,杨洪英,2015.不同卡林型金矿中碳质物组成及对比分析[J].矿产综合利用,(3):52-54.
彭建军,范正,1993.腐植酸浸金动力学的研究[J].黄金,14(9):24-28.
丘晓斌,温建康,黄松涛,等,2017.高硫卡林型金精矿中碳质表征及其对生物预氧化提金的影响[J].工程科学学报,39(5):676-682.
王丹丽,关子川,王恩德,2003.腐殖质对重金属离子的吸附作用[J].黄金,24(1):47-49.
王恩德,关广岳,1992.腐植酸在金矿形成过程中的作用[J].黄金,13(7):1-4.
王红梅,张文淮,谢树成,等,2000.广西金牙金矿床的有机地球化学特征[J].岩石学报,16(4):602-608.
吴敏杰,白春根,1994.碳质金矿中碳质物的物质组成及其与金的相互作用[J].黄金,15(6):29-35.
徐启杰,张果,崔元臣,2007.腐植酸的吸附性能及其金属络合物的应用[J].天中学刊,22(5):22-25.
许晓阳,2013.碳质难处理金矿浸出工艺研究进展[J].黄金科学技术,21(1):82-87.
张复新,王立社,2013.秦岭造山带卡林型—类卡林型金矿勘查与研究回顾[J].黄金科学技术,21(5):21-27.
张磊,郭学益,田庆华,等,2021.难处理金矿预处理方法研究进展及工业应用[J].黄金,42(6):60-68.
张跃东,2011.活性炭吸附法在工业废水处理中的应用[J].河北化工,34(6):74-76.
张作金,王倩倩,代淑娟,2017.碳质金矿预处理技术研究进展[J].矿产保护与利用,(5):99-104.
赵俊蔚,郑晔,邢志军,等,2008.微波处理碳质金矿石技术研究[J].黄金,29(3):35-38.
[1] 梁昌金, 马传净. 碘—氨浸出体系用于废旧印刷线路板中金的浸取[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2019, 27(5): 784-790.
[2] 刘倩,杨洪英,佟琳琳. Phanerochaete chrysosporium降解碳质金矿中元素碳高关联度变量的筛选[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2017, 25(5): 140-144.
[3] 蔡创开. 黔西南某碳质含砷金矿提金工艺试验研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2014, 22(4): 124-128.
[4] 赖伟强,林鸿汉,张波,游蔓莉. 蒙古苏木那林桃勒盖氧化金矿石选冶试验研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2013, 21(5): 154-156.
[5] 许晓阳. 碳质难处理金矿浸出工艺研究进展[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2013, 21(1): 82-88.
[6] 拜鹏程,何烨,陈芳芳,李科科. 磨矿细度和二浸二洗对氰化浸出率影响的试验研究[J]. 黄金科学技术, 2012, 20(5): 71-73.
[7] 任洪胜,邢洪波,刘新艳,郭宏. 辽宁三道沟含砷金精矿细菌氧化—氰化提金试验研究[J]. J4, 2012, 20(1): 78-81.
[8] 邢洪波, 郭宏, 任洪胜. 吉林省南岔含砷金精矿细菌氧化—氰化提金试验研究[J]. J4, 2010, 18(1): 70-73.
[9] 方兆珩. 碳质金矿的矿物特征和提金工艺[J]. J4, 2003, 11(6): 28-35.
[10] 任金菊, 马晶. 提高某碳质片岩型微细粒金矿石炭浸工艺金浸出率试验研究[J]. J4, 2002, 10(1): 18-22.
[11] 柯家骏,李希明,陈淑民,王艳,张建兵. 含砷碳质金矿处理方法研究[J]. J4, 1995, 3(2): 38-42.
[12] 王周谭. 我国应用堆浸提金工艺对难浸矿石的试验研究进展[J]. J4, 1995, 3(1): 1-5.
[13] 吴敏杰, 白春根. 碳质金矿的氯化预处理[J]. J4, 1994, 2(1): 34-39.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!