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黄金科学技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 246-254.doi: 10.11872/j.issn.1005-2518.2020.02.022

• 采选技术与矿山管理 • 上一篇    

黄土坡铜锌矿微震监测技术应用与灾害预警方法研究

党明智1(),张君2,贾明涛3()   

  1. 1.新疆西拓矿业有限公司,新疆 哈密 839000
    2.长沙迪迈数码科技股份有限公司,湖南 长沙 410083
    3.中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-18 修回日期:2020-02-21 出版日期:2020-04-30 发布日期:2020-05-07
  • 通讯作者: 贾明涛 E-mail:dmzem@163.com;mingtao_jia@163.com
  • 作者简介:党明智(1964-),男,甘肃金昌人,高级工程师,从事矿山开采工艺与安全研究工作。dmzem@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“深部集约化开采生产过程智能管控技术”(2017YFC0602905)

Application and Research of Microseismic Monitoring Technology and Disaster Early Warning Methods in Huangtupo Copper and Zinc Mine

Mingzhi DANG1(),Jun ZHANG2,Mingtao JIA3()   

  1. 1.Xinjiang Xituo Mining Co. ,Ltd,Hami 839000,Xinjiang,China
    2.Changsha Digital Mine Information Technology Co. ,Ltd,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
    3.School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China
  • Received:2019-03-18 Revised:2020-02-21 Online:2020-04-30 Published:2020-05-07
  • Contact: Mingtao JIA E-mail:dmzem@163.com;mingtao_jia@163.com

摘要:

黄土坡铜锌矿位于新疆哈密地区,采用地下开采方式开采矿石,该矿山附近存在另外一家矿山企业,2个矿山同时产生的开采扰动使得该矿山面临着复杂的地压环境。为了对黄土坡铜锌矿井下多处采空区附近的地压灾害进行预警,引进微震监测系统,对采空区周边及生产作业区域围岩稳定性进行实时监测。采用优化的台网布设方案改善微震监测系统的性能,并在微震信号自动识别技术的基础上,对地压活动进行实时分析,保证分析结果的时效性。基于微震监测多参数分析方法,结合一次现场真实地压险情提出了一套微震监测地压灾害预警分析方法,该方法能够实现地压提前预警,给矿山人员提供了逃生时间,在地下开采矿山地压监测中具有推广意义。

关键词: 采空区, 地压活动, 微震监测, 地压灾害, 灾害预警

Abstract:

Huangtupo copper and zinc mine located southwest of Hami City,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China.It is an underground mine,and there are several goaves in the mining area.There is another mine nearby the area,which is also mining ore.The mining activities of two mines have caused a great disturbance to the pressure environment in the area.Therefore,MicroSeis microseismic monitoring system was introduced to give early warning of the ground pressure disaster that may be caused by goaves in Huangtupo copper and zinc mine.This system monitors the stability of surrounding rock around the goaves and production area in real-time.The microseismic monitoring system has the advantages of broad range,high sensitivity,non-contact,and multi-parameters analysis.In order to ensure the reliability and real-time performance of the microseismic system,the system was optimized.Using network analysis tools to optimize the best microseismic network layout scheme,than the event positioning accuracy is effectively guaranteed.In this paper,through network analysis,the optimized positioning accuracy of the center practice is about 5 m,and the positioning accuracy of the production operation area is within 10 m,which can fully meet the requirements of ground pressure monitoring and disaster early warning.Microseismic systems always pick up signals in rock masses indiscriminately.However,there are many production noise signals in the general engineering environment,such as blasting signals,mechanical vibration signals,and electrical interference signals.In the aspect of signal recognition,the traditional approach is to rely on manual methods for identification and classification,with low efficiency.Therefore,an artificial intelligence method was proposed to identify the microseismic signals.This automatic identification model ensures the real-time performance of the microseismic system and is the basis of disaster early warning.The early warning method of microseismic monitoring technology is based on quantitative seismology.Moreover,quantitative seismology is based on the development of rock mechanics,seismology,and statistics.In this paper,seismological parameters such as microseismic event activity rate,spatial distribution characteristics,seismic moment,energy,and b value were used to analyze ground pressure activity.At the same time,a set of early warning and analysis methods of microseismic monitoring ground pressure disaster was put forward.This method can realize early warning of ground pressure,provide time for evacuation of mine personnel,and effectively grasp the development trend of ground pressure.Furthermore,it can guide mine personnel to go into the mine for production in a safe time,so it has the significance of popularization in the monitoring of underground mine pressure.

Key words: goaf, the activity of ground pressure, microseismic monitoring, the disaster of ground pressure, disaster early warning

中图分类号: 

  • TD76

图 1

黄土坡铜锌矿采空区形态与空间分布"

图2

微震监测系统架构图"

图 3

3层小波包分解"

图4

微震信号自动识别模型"

图5

定位误差分析云图"

图6

立体定位误差分析云图"

图7

黄土坡铜锌矿微震监测台网布置示意图"

表1

黄土坡铜锌矿台网布置方案"

传感器编号分量XYZ
1#单分量31412305.0524719700.617262.330
2#三分量31412276.8834719851.497262.806
3#单分量31412353.5594719890.239262.642
4#单分量31412269.1304719959.101263.296
5#单分量31412330.5234719701.516212.845
6#三分量31412251.3964719830.411212.821
7#单分量31412397.3844719898.546213.618
8#单分量31412255.8244719988.817213.782

表2

爆破定位误差结果"

位置爆破测量坐标定位坐标定位误差/m
XYZXYZ
260 m中段3#穿脉31412359.634719845.432263.32131412355.094719840.27262.7496.91
222.5 m分层5#穿脉31412410.314719883.231222.53231412408.14719886.84226.0235.49
210 m中段9#穿脉31412432.574719753.899212.12531412424.454719756.31213.4068.52

图8

微震事件频数时间序列图"

图9

微震事件空间分布"

图10

监测区域内(整体)能量与地震矩关系"

图11

3#采空区附近围岩(局部)能量与地震矩关系"

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